PK 7? $ܴ ܴ refs.MYD ?
I ~? aaaakey Elkhorn Slough will be used if study occured in the Slough, if organisms were collected in Slough or if Elkhorn Slough is mentioned as one of the study areas
general taxon - invertebrates, amphibians, fish, birds, mammals, plants, algae
specific taxon - crabs, amphipods, elasmobranches
general habitat - marine, terrestrial, freshwater
specific habitat - benthic, pelagic, marsh, estuary, estuarine, wetland
general discipline - ecology, chemistry, geology, hydrology, hydrography, oceanography, archaeology, toxicology, physiology, biochemistry
specific topic - monitoring, natural history, restoration, human impact, management, pesticides, pollution, agriculture Abstract if available. Alternately, conclusions of summary may be used. Otherwise, a short description of article is provided.9 M=management and human effects; I=invertebrates; F=fish; G=geology, GIS; H=history; B=birds, V=other vertebrates; P=plants (+algae); W=hydrology, hydrography, oceanography, meteorology; R=general reference, Z=bacteria; C=chemistry (TRY TO GIVE EACH REF. ONLY ONE LABEL; GIVE TWO IF THERE REALLY ARE TWO GOOD FITS) multiple copies (# copies) sp=ref for inverts site profile6 esf=in library collection of Elkhorn Slough Foundation ?
Aarons, Heidi 1949Y Intertidal Coleoptera of Monterey Bay, with special reference to the family Staphylinidae 1-8 Bodega Marine Laboratory2 Elkhorn Slough; Invertebrates; Arthropoda; beetles Unpublished Student Report I not here $want abstract :?
ABA Consultants, 1988j Biological assessment of Wetland Environments impacted by culvert repairs at the Mouth of Moro Cojo Slough Capitola, CA Minhoto Family Partnership) vegetation removal, Minhoto, human impact MG http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/MoroCojoABA_1988.pdf ?
ABA Consultants, 1989Z Biological assessment of construction and improvement of freshwater ponds on Elkhorn Ranch 1-25 Capitola, CA
David Packard Elkhorn Slough, freshwater ponds M not here?
ABA Consultants, 1989 Biological assessment and mitigation plan for unauthorized vegetation removal on the Minhoto Parcel, Monterey County, California Capitola, CA Minhoto Family Partnership) vegetation removal, Minhoto, human impact M not hereZ?
ABA Consultants, 1989& Elkhorn Slough Wetland Management Plan 1-174 Capitola, CAW Prepared for California State Coastal Conservancy & Monterey County Planning Department management, Elkhorn Slough, natural history, erosion, sedimentation, water quality, wetland enhancement, public access, long-term management research Report
December 1989 This report discusses:
1) the natural history of Elkhorn Slough;
2) erosion and sedimentation;
3) water quality;
4) wetland enhancement plans;
5) public access; and
6) long-term management research. M, R 2 copies esf ( ?
ABA Consultants, 19906 Marine and estuarine habitats of Moss Landing vicinity 1-62 Capitola, CA( Prepared for Dames and Moore & Cal Trans Route 1, marine habitats, estuarine habitats, Moss Landing, Elkhorn Slough, monitoring, ecology, natural history, fish, plants, invertebrates, birds, mammals, amphibians0 Background Report: Highway One Improvement Study This report characterizes the marine and estuarine biological environments along the expansion corridor of Highway One. The environmental characterization is based on three types of information: published and unpublished literature, interviews with local residents and naturalists, and brief field visits. A second major goal is to identify gaps in present knowledge that are important for impact assessment and mitigation.
The characterization considers subtidal and intertidal marine and estuarine habitats, and does not consider intertidal marshes which are dominated by pickleweed. It only covers the present biological environment, and not the comples historical changes in habitats and biological communities. Impact assessment and habitat mitigation are not considered here. Finally the significance of each readside habitat is briefly considered from one main perspective, the natural habitat values of the area. M esf?
ABA Consultants, 1990. Surface water quality of Moss Landing vicinity 37 Capitola, CA* Prepared for Dames and Moore and Cal Trans4 Route 1, water quality, Moss Landing, Elkhorn Slough0 Background Report: Highway One Improvement Study M not here ?
ABA Consultants, 1990] Santa Cruz long-toed salamander survey in Upper Moro Cojo Slough, Monterey County, California 1-25 Capitola, CA> Prepared for Saratoga Savings and Loan & Dames and Moore, Inc. Santa Cruz long-toed salamander, Moro Cojo, Arizona Tiger Salamander, California Tiger Salamanders, California Red-legged Frog, California, vertebrates, amphibians, intertidal, marsh, monitoring, natural history, distribution, abundance, Endangered Species Report April 23, 1990 The purpose of this study was to determine whether SCLTS occurred in the study area. This study is the first to identify the presence of the endangered SCLTS in the upper Moro Cojo Slough area east of Castroville Blvd. The capture of one non-native Arizona Tiger Salamander is also noteworthy, as it identifies a potenitally major competitor to the local population of California Tiger Salamanders. In addition, this work confirms the local presence of the California Red-legged Frog.
This study confirmed the existence of a reproductive population in the Moro Cojo slough. The report discusses the distribution and migration patterns of the SCLTS. V esf x ?
Abbott, I. A. Taxonomy of economic seaweeds 256$ California Sea Grant Workshop Report T-CSGCP-023 ? Ackerman, L.T. 1971| Contributions to the biology of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata (Girard) in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 1-54! Department of Biological Sciences Sacramento, CA Sacramento State College leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata, Elkhorn Slough; Vertebrates; Chordates; feeding habits, size, fecundity, population biology, marine, estuarine, elasmobranches, ecology, reproduction M.A. Thesis Growth, reproduction, and food habits of leopard sharks Triakis semifasciata (Girard), were investigated in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California, between June 1969 and January 1971. The research disclosed that most females were mature by the time they reached 120 centimeters in total length and 20 pounds in weight. Males appeared to mature at a somewhat smaller size. The young were born in late spring or very early fall with mating occurring soon afterward. Fecundity increased with size of the parent (observed range 7 - 36 embryos). Unfertilized eggs, malformed embryos, and barren ovisacs were occasionally found in females with healthy embryos; the occurrence of malformed embryos and unfertilized eggs being lower in larger parents, the occurrence of barren ovisacs being independent of size of parent. Triakis were found to be entirely carnivorous feeders, obtaining food from or near the bottom. Composition of the diet varied considerably with size but not significantly with season. Young Triakis were heavily dependent on the shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis. Principle foods of the larger sharks also included clams (Tresus nuttalli), other crabs (Cancer spp.), innkeeper worms (Urechis caupo), and many species of fish. F multiple copies (2) esf ?
Adams, J. R. 1969> Thermal power, aquatic life and kilowatts on the Pacific Coast 21A Report to the Pacific Coast Electrical Association Annual Meeting
Emeryville Pacific Gas and Electric Company?
) Adams, J.R.
Gormly, H.J.
Doyle, M.J., Jr. 19697 Ecological investigations related to thermal discharges 1-17 Pacific Gas and Electric Company thermal discharges, Contra Costa power plant, Morro Bay, pismo clam, Bodega Bay, Pittsburg, water temperature, Moss Landing, Elkhorn Slough,A Report to the Pacific Coast Electrical Association Annual Meeting March 13-14, 1969 Moss Landing Power Plant (1967): The current from the discharge, without heat, caused a removal of fine material adjacent to the discharge, as revealed by sediment analysis. This changein the sediments caused a change in the marine organisms for those stations nearest the discharge. Thus, the ecological survey showed a change occurring from the physical process of water transport, before the onset of heat addition.
SUMMARY of entire report: PG&E feels that it can make reasonable predictions of the impact of a thermal power plant on the marine environment by providing a competent ecologist with a prediction of the thermal regime expected at that site. The Company has considered information on temperature distributions around operating plants, and has developed prediction equations, verified by model studies any by studies at actual discharges. The ecologists, then, by knowing what species are present temporally and spatially in the proposed discharge area, can estimate the effects fo the different thermal regimes on the ecosystem. M not here multiple copies (2) esf ? Adams, L.G.
Matsumoto, G.I. 2007] Investigating Coastal Processes and Nitrate Levels in the Elkhorn Slough Using Real-Time Data 162-166 Oceanography 20 1 pdf available at ESNERR;?
X Adams, Peter B. 1971# Mortality patterns of Macoma nasuta 1-23 Bodega Marine Laboratory2 Elkhorn Slough; Invertebrates; Mollusca; Bivalvia; Unpublished Student Report I not here $want abstract ~? Addicott, W.O. 1952b Ecological and natural history studies of the pelecypod genus Macoma in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-89! Department of Biological Sciences Stanford, CA Stanford University Bivalvia, Mollusca, Ecology, Invertebrates, Elkhorn Slough, clams, marine, benthic, biogeography, distribution, abundance, growth, natural history M.A. Thesis= Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California, is a marine estuary which supports a rich fauna of bottom dwelling invertebrates. The pelecypod genus Mycoma, represented by four species, is one of the most abundant burrowing groups in the Slough - reaching densities of nearly 900 individuals per square meter. The genus occurs in substrates which run the gamut from very coarse sand to clay. Observations by other investigators have revealed two salient facts. 1) The distribution of macomas is not uniform in the Slough; aggregations of particular species have been noted but in their distribution the various species show considerable overlap. 2) Environmental conditions vary from place to place, such variation being, perhaps, most marked in the composition of bottom sediments. In short, the inference is that the distribution of the species of Macoma may well be limited or influenced by the nature of the substrate. The questions before us then are - what is the geographical deployment of these bivalves in the Slough, and are distributional patterns related to corresponding differences in the composition of the slough bottom? Investigation of corollary problems was also carried out, and some growth and natural history observations made. Field work was conducted during the 10 month period from September, 1951 to June, 1952. I Multiple copies (2) sp esf ?
Advanced Biological Testing, 1996X Results of chemical, physical and bioassay testing of sediments from Moss Landing Harbor Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Harbor District chemistry, benthic, geology C not here?
Agee, B.A. 1986 DDT in the Salinas Valley 1-47 Sacramento, CA1 State of California Water Resources Control Board Elkhorn Slough, DDT, Blanco Drain, Salinas River, aquatic toxicology, water quality, fish, sediment, freshwater, estuarine, chemistry, pesticide' Special Water Quality Monitoring Report DDT has been found in moderate to high concentrations in the Salinas River and lower Moss Landing watershed for many years. Upon analysis, staff found that fish from the Salinas area were among those that had unusually high fractions of Technical or "fresh" DDT. In particular, both fish and sediment from the Salinas River clearly indicated that one source of this material was the Blanco Drain which empties into the Salinas River. At the time, we considered any measurement greater than 10 high and worthy of further investigation. Approximately 25% of the total DDT found in sediments and fish from the mouth of the Blanco Drain was Technical DDT. This value was about as high as had been found in the Toxic Substances Monitoring Program.
A special study of the Blanco Drain was conducted. Fifteen sediment samples and five composite soil samples showed striking results. Both the soils and sediments of Blanco Drain contained up to 5 ppm Total DDT and up to 70% Technical DDT. The percent Technical DDT was the highest ever measured in the TSM program.
A further survey was conducted in which sediment and soil were collected from 23 and 13 locations, respectively, along the Blanco Drain. No hot spots were isolated in the soils adjacent tot he Drain, and there is no evidence to suggest illegal use or leaky depositories of DDT. Hot spots identified in the first sampling phase are all locations identiified as having soil-source DDT. M No. 86-2 WQ esf ?
5 Air Quality/Acoustics Unit Meteorology Services Unit, 1993B Moss Landing air monitoring program first quarter air quality data Pacific Gas & Electric monitoring, human impact M not here D? Alberte, R. S. 1991M Exploitation of ecological growth models for management of seagrass resources- 7th Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management O. Magoon
? _ Alberte, Randall S.
Suba, Gregory K.
Procaccini, Gabriele
Zimmerman, Richard C.
Fain, Steven R. 1994 Assessment of genetic diversity of seagrass populations using DNA fingerprinting: Implications for population stability and management 1049-1053O Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91 3 Conservation, Ecology, Genetics, Population genetics, Zostera marina, Angiosperms, Plants, California, Gene flow, Habitat disturbance, hypervariable minisatellite DNA, eelgrass, marine macrophyte, Elkhorn Slough , Tomales Bay, Del Monte Beach, marine, estuarine,P Populations of the temperate seagrass, Zostera marina L. (eelgrass), often exist as discontinuous beds in estuaries, harbors, and bays where they can reproduce sexually or vegetatively through clonal propagation. We examined the genetic structure of three geographically and morphologically distinct populations from central California (Elkhorn Slough , Tomales Bay, and Del Monte Beach), using multilocus restriction fragment length polymorphisms (DNA fingerprints). Within-population genetic similarity (S-w) values for the three eelgrass populations ranged from 0.44 to 0.68. The Tomales Bay population located in an undisturbed, littoral site possessed a within-population genetic similarity (S-w = 0.44) that was significantly lower than those of the other two populations. Cluster analysis identified genetic substructure in only the undisturbed subtidal population (Del Monte Beach). Between-population similarity values (S-b) for all pairwise comparisons ranged from 0.47 to 0.51. The three eelgrass populations show significantly less between locale genetic similarity than found within populations, indicating that gene flow is restricted between locales even though two of the populations are separated by only 30 km. The study demonstrates that (i) natural populations of Z. marina from both disturbed and undisturbed habitats possess high genetic diversity and are not primarily clonal, (ii) gene flow is restricted even between populations in close proximity, (iii) an intertidal population from a highly disturbed habitat shows much lower genetic diversity than an intertidal population from an undisturbed site, and (iv) DNA fingerprinting techniques can be exploited to understand gene flow and population genetic structure in Z. marina, a widespread and ecologically important species, and as such are relevant to the management of this coastal resource. P pdf available at ESNERR esf P ?
j Alberte, R.S.
Zimmerman, R.C. 1993 Restoration of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in estuarine environments: Evaluation of genetic and physiological performance variants 1-244 Washington, D.C.1 National Estuarine Research Reserve Program, NOAA Eelgrass, transplant, estuarine restoration, genetic diversity, DNA fingerprinting, RFLP analysis, productivity, light requirements, carbon partitioning, Zostera marina, Elkhorn Slough, plants, estuarine, benthic, marsh, ecology Final Report 1 June 1993 This work focused on the physiological ecology of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) in an effort to 1) determine the feasibility of expanding eelgrass resources within the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR); 2) develop quantitative measures of genetic diversity within and between eelgrass populations for use in evaluating anthropogenic disturbance of eelgrass resources; 3) evaluate gentically distinct populations for differences in growth performance that will affect seagrass restoration efforts and 4) develop a numerical model of light-driven production for use in managing seagrass resources. Transplant experiments clearly domonstrated that persistent eelgrass populations can be established within the Elkhorn Slough NERR. Subtidal habitats with high current velocities were were found to be the most favorable environments for long-term growth and survival. RFLP analysis of genomic DNA was used to demonstrate genetic differences among eelgrass populations, but was not sensitive enough for use in quantitative studies of population genetics. DNA fingerprint analysis, however, was used to quantify genetic structure within and among the eight eastern Pacific populations examined in this study.... Our work with the light environment of Elkhorn Slough suggests that accurate predictions of eelgrass growth and survival will require virtually continuous measures of light availability in all but the most extremely stable estuarine environments. P esf?
# Ali, S.M.
Bowes, G.W.
Cohen, D.B. 1984 Endosulfan (Thiodan) 1-131 Sacramento, CA. California State Water Resources Control Board: endosulfan, Thiodan, toxins, water quality, Elkhorn Slough8 Toxic Substances Control Program Special Projects Report
December 1984 In 1973, the California DFA restricted most uses of endosulfan. Despite this restriction, endosulfan use remains high. Over 350,000 lbs were reportedly used in 1982 mostly on artichokes, celery, lettuce, tomatoes, and alfalfa. It is a fairly persistent pesticide and its residues have been frequently detected in water, sediment and fish. In view of this information, endosulfan was selected as a "priority" chemcial for an in-depth study. This report is organized into chapters dealing with endosulfan monitoring, risk assessment, and risk management. Supplementary information on physical and chemical properties, use trends, environmental fate, analytical methodology, and criteria and standards, is briefly reviewed int he Appendices.
A water sample from Salinas River in 1981 had 5.8 ng/l (ppt) endosulfan I. The SWRCB Mussel Watch Program detected as high as 890 ug/kg of endosulfan I in whole bodies of mussels collected from Elkhorn Slough during the 1981-82 sampling season and up to 1,200 ug/kg in 1982-83. Stickleback collected from Old Salinas River Slough during 1982-83 had 1,200 ug/kg endosulfan I which is 12 times the NAS guidelines. M
No. 84-7SP esf ?
j Alicea, J.A. 1994 Distribution, abundance and spatial arrangement of Mercierella enigmatica (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) in a brackish water channel at Monterey Bay, California Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesF Mercierella enigmatica, polychetes, Polychaeta, invertebrates, estuary Unpublished student report Fall 1994 I $want abstract esf~? Allen, J.K. 1992d Benthic invertebrates living in macroalgal mats on intertidal mudflats of Elkhorn Slough, California 1-36 San Jose, CA San Jose State University Invertebrates; ecology; algae; plants; Elkhorn Slough, green algae, crustaceans, annelids, marine, estuarine, benthic, distribution, abundance M.S. Thesis Extensive mats of macroalgae harbor a dense assemblage of amphipod crustaceans on the intertidal mudflats of Elkhorn Slough. The green algae Enteromorpha spp., covers large areas on the mudflats during spring and summer; while, Gracilaria lemaneiformis is the dominant alga in fall and winter. Amphipod crustaceans were significantly more abundant within algal mats compared to underlying sediment and areas free of algae. Polychaete worms were more numerous in underlying sediment below algal mats compared with algal mats; however, abundances were similar in algal covered areas (mat and underlying sediment) and algal-free mudflats. The seasonal abundance of crustaceans and annelids was greater in fall compared with other seasons. During field experiments large numbers of amphipods colonized artificial and natural substrates. While algae appears to be of value as a physical substrate, the amphipod, Allorchestes angusta, consumed Enteromorpha spp. in laboratory experiments, indicating the additional food value of these algae. I multiple copies (2) sp esf AD? 6 Allen, L.G.
Yoklavich, M.M.
Cailliet, G.M.
Horn, H.M. 2006 Bays and Estuaries< The Ecology of Marine Fishes: California and Adjacent Waters$ Allen, L.G.
Pondella, D.J.
Hom, M.H. Berkeley, CA University of California PressF http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Allen_etal_2006.pdf?
Ambrose, D.A. 1976y The distrubution, abundance and feeding ecology of four species of flatfish in the vicinity of Elkhorn Slough, California San Jose, CA San Jose State University* Vertebrates; Chordates; Osteichthyes, fish M.A. Thesis F not here ? Ammann, A.J. 2001Z Evaluation of a standard monitoring unit for the recruitment of fish in central California 1-92 Department of Biology Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruzt Monterey Bay, fish, rockfish, kelp forest, recruitment, larvae, subtidal, ecology, marine, coastal, sampling methods M.S. Thesist Conclusions:
1) SMURFs are effective in attracting many species of newly recruited fish.
2) Effect of SMURF depth on recruitment was species specific. The greatest diversity of species occurred on surface level SMURFs. In addition surface SMURFs has higher recruitment rate relative to other levels. Therefore, surface SMURFs may be sufficient for monitoring recruitment patterns for most species.
3) Effect of sampling interval on recruitment was species specific. For some of the species with relatively small size at settlement (<35 mm TL), recruitment rate per day decreased with increasing sampling interval. In contrast, recruitment rate for species with larger size at recruitment (> 50 mm TL) were not substantially affected by increasing sampling interval.
4) Species interactions also affected recruitment to SMURFs. Recruitment facilitation was demonstrated for S. atrovirens. Presence of larger Scorpaenichthys marmoratus substantially reduced recruitment rate of other species.
5) Overall recruitment to SMURFs for 1999 was very low compared to 2000. This pattern was also evident for some species (e.g. canopy rockfish) but not for others (e.g. S. paucispinus and water-column rockfish) from estimates of recruit fish abundance in natural reefs from visual surveys.
6) Recruitment season duration was highly variable depending on species. Some species showed relatively short but intense recruitment season (e.g. S. melanops), while others showed much longer but moderate recruiment season (e.g. S. paucispinus). Daily recruitment rate to SMURFs showed strong pulses or peaks in recruitment on the order of 1-15 days followed by periods of low or no recruitment.
7) Comparing SMURFs at two sites demonstrated that timing and duration of recruitment were similar, although magnitude and synchrony varied depending on species, for both Hopkins and Stillwater SMURF sites. However, overall recruitment was greater for the Stillwater SMURF site.
8) Comparing estimates of recruitment to SMURFs and nearby reef sites suggest that SMURFs collect very early settlers and often predict increases in density of young-of-year recruits observed on nearby reefs. F esf ~?
Anderson, B.S.
Kvitek, R. G. 1987r Sea otter predation and the distribution of bivalve prey in the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve 1-44 Washington, D.C. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Bivalvia, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Enhydra lutris, predator-prey relationships; Sea Otters; Feeding Preferences; clams; Saxidomus-nuttalli; Tresus nuttalli; Zirphaea pilsbryi; Elkhorn Slough; Mammals, estuarine, ecology, vertebrates Technical Memorandum
The California sea otter population is gradually expanding in size and geographic range and is consequently invading new feeding grounds, including bays and estuaries that are home to extensive populations of bivalve prey. One such area is the Elkhorn Slough, where otters have apparently established a spring and summer communal feeding and resting area. In anticipation of future otter foraging in the slough, an extensive baseline database on bivalve densities, size distributions, biomasses, and burrow depths has been established for three potential bivalve prey species, Saxidomus nuttalli, Tresus nutallii, and Zirphaea pilsbryi.
In 1986, the Elkhorn Slough otters were foraging predominately at two areas immediately east and west of the Highway 1 bridge (Skipper's and the PG&E outfall). Extensive subtidal populations of Saxidomus nuttalli and Tresus nuttallii occur in these areas. Shell records collected at these study areas indicated that sea otters were foraging selectively on Saxidomus over Tresus. The reason for this apparent preference was not clear. At the Skipper's study site, 51% of the shell record was composed of Saxidomus, yet this species accounted for only 16% of the in situ biomass, and only 39% of the available clams. Tresus represented 49% of the shell record at Skipper's yet this species accounted for 84% of the in situ biomass and 61% of the available clams. There was no difference in mean burrow depth between the two species at this site so availability does not explain the disparity in consumption. At the PG&E outfall, Saxidomus represents 66% of the in situ biomass and 81% of the available clams, while Tresus accounts for 34% of the in situ biomass and 19% of the available clams. Saxidomus accounts for 96% of the shell record at this site vs. 4% for Tresus, again indicating that the otters were preying on Saxidomus out of proportion to their density or biomass.
High densities and biomasses of a third species, Zirphaea, occur in areas where sea otters were observed to be foraging, yet no cast -off Zirphaea shells were found. Although it is possible this species was not represented in the shell record because the otters were simply chewing up the shells, it is more likely this species is avoided by sea otters.
There were relatively few sea otters in the Elkhorn Slough in 1986 compared to the previous two years. This, coupled with high bivalve densities, precluded any quantitative comparison of bivalve densities before and after the 1986 sea otter occupation. Qualitative observations made during the course of this study, and quantititative observations from previous studies indicate that, after 3 years, sea otters are not yet significantly affecting bivalve desnties in the Elkhorn Slough. V, I multiple copies (4) sp esfN?
: Andres, D.R.
Lee, W.
Sepp, E.
Witt, H.R.
Fung, L.
Baba, P. 1966] Sanitary engineering investigation of Elkhorn Slough and Moss Landing Harbor, Monterey County 1-22 Berkeley, CAa Bureau of Sanitary Engineering, California Department of Public Health, Health and Welfare Agency coliform, water quality assessment, Elkhorn Slough, aquatic toxicology, commercial fishery, oyster, shellfish, bivalves, sport fishing, waste disposal, fecal coliform, standard plate count Technical ReportD As part of its programs of surveillance of shellfish growing waters, the Bureau of Sanitary Engineering conducted a water quality investigation of the elkhorn Slough and Moss Landing Harbor areas from May 9 - 12, 1966. During the period of this study, NONE of the reaches had a water quality which meets the Public Health Service Standards for approved shellfish growing areas. The Moss Landing Harbor waters did not meet the standards for fish cannery process waters. Clams and oysters taken from the area, however, met Public Health Service Standards for marketable shellfish. M esf ?
Andresen, R. 1972* Life on the tidal mudflats: Elkhorn Slough Monterey, CA# Monterey County Office of Education1 mudflats, Elkhorn Slough, invertebrates, teaching Teacher's Guide This is the text that acts as a guide to teacher's that are showing the filmstrip, with accompanying audio cassette, to their classes. Includes some supplementary information for teachers and students. R esf D?!
Angelo 2005 Restoration of Danthonia californica, Elymus glaucus, and Nassella pulchra at Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve& Elkhorn Slough Technical Report SeriesB http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Angelo_2005.pdf ?" Antrim, B.S. 1981q Habitat and food resource utilization of three species of Embiotocids in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 1-86 Department of Biology
Fresno, CA California State Universityz Vertebrates; Chordates; fishes; surfperch, Elkhorn Slough, Cymatogaster aggregata, Embiotoca jacksoni, Phanerodon furcatus M.S. Thesis5 Objectives of this study were to provide information on how three species of embiotocids within Elkhorn Slough are able to segregate resources (space, food, time) sufficiently to allow co-occurrence. In this context, seasonal information on the distribution, abundance, and feeding habits of these three species were investigated. Also reports fecundity and tag/recapture data.
Some conclusions:
1) seasonal abundance patterns for all three species were similar with high numbers of individuals in summer and fall, low numbers in winter.
2) Shiner surfperch were most abundant in the upper portion of the slough, white and black surfperch were most abundant seaward.
3) no differences were found in growth rates of males and females for any species.
4) All three species are summer spawners.
5) feeding data indicated all three species were opportunistic feeders, diets varying with season and location. The primary prey categories were polychaetes (winter) and small crustaceans (summer)
6) black and white surperch had similar diets; shiner surfperch had different diet F% Page 1 is missing
multiple copies (2) esf "?# Appiah, J.C., Jr. 1977a Species composition and abundance of fish populations in Bennett Slough, Monterey Bay, California 1-63 Department of Biology
Fresno, CA California State University Elkhorn Slough; Vertebrates; Chordates; fishes, estuarine, marsh, ecology, distribution, abundance, tag/recapture, population size, starry flounder M.S. Thesis The overall purpose of this study was to determine the species composition, size composition, and numerical abundance of Bennett Slough fishes and to compare Bennett Slough to the relatively larger Elkhorn Slough with which it is connected. More detailed ecological studies were performed on one of the more abundant and hardy fishes, Platichthys stellatus, occurring regularly in Bennett Slough. Tag and recapture techniques were used to assess population density, movement within the slough as well as in and out of the slough, and assess growth. Also feeding habits of Platichthys were studied within Bennett Slough, for comparison with other information on feeding habits from other locations.
some conclusions:
1)The population density of Platichthys within Bennett Slough was estimated to be between 7,110 and 10,227 fish
2) A total of 69 samples were made, yielding 20 fish species belonging to 12 families.
3) Clevelandia ios, Leptocottus armatus, and Platichthys stellatus were most abundant
4) Bennett Slough is more ecologically similar to the Kirby Park station of Elkhorn Slough then to any other location studied in the Moss Landing area. F multiple copies (2) esf [?$
/ Archaeological Consulting and Resarch Services, 1977O Archaeological resources inventory of the Rubis Ranch, Moss Landing, California Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State University` Rubis Ranch; Moss Landing; archaeological resources; historical resources; history, human impact Report H not here t ?%
Arnal, R.E. 1972M Environmental studies of Monterey Bay and the Central California coastal zone 1-99 Moss Landing, CA U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA environmental studies, Monterey Bay, Central California, Elkhorn Slough, chemical, physical oceanography, plankton surveys, benthic survey, seals, bird rookeries, sedimentological studies, public education Sea Grant Progress Report 7/71-2/72 A summary of progress in the different activities of the Sea Grant Program conducted at the Moss Landing Marine Labs. The environmental data collection and research projects in Monterey Bay have been underway for more than a year. Emphasis in the collection of environmental data is to provide the decision makers of Monterey Bay communities with the information needed following the suggestions of the Regional Advisory Committee.
The coordination of the Sea Grant Project and the Association of Monterey Bay Area Goverments oceanographic study has allowed a much greater detail and better coverage in the collection of environmental data. Also, it has made possible the collection of entirely new data such as surface current studies by release of drift cards. Several sections in Chapter 2 of this report give details of work in progress in the plankton studies, the hydrographic work, the benthic survey, the productivity of fishes and sand transport in Monterey Bay. The next chapter explains the progress to date in providing additional education in the marine sciences for interested parties as well as information for the general public and public services for the communities of Monterey Bay. R No. 2-35137 esf?&
# Arnal, R.E.
Ditter, E.
Shumaker, E. 19732 Sand transport studies in Monterey Bay, California 1-71 CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories@ sand transport, Monterey Bay, sediment, benthic, coastal geology Technical Publication The sand budget for Monterey Bay shows that nearly 2.0 x 106 cubic yards of sand are delivered each year to Monterey Bay. Rivers contribute 60%, coastal erosion 25%, and transport from the north about 15%. Annual longshore transport in the north Bay increases from 2 x 105 cubic yards near Santa Cruz to 6 x 105 at the mouth of the Pajaro River which is close to a convergence of longshore transport. On the other hand, a divergence occurs near the head of Monterey Canyon at Moss landing. Longshore downcoast transport, 9 x 105 cubic yards, is maximum near the mouth of the Salinas River. Further south, there appears to be a convergence with offshore transport near Marina. Offshore deposition amounts to 6 to 7 x 105 cubic yards per year in the north Bay. This is accounted for readily by the amount of longshore transport coming in from the north by river supply and coastal erosion. In the south Bay annual offshore deposition amounts to 2.0 x 106 cubic yards; adding mining operations makes it a 2.2 x 106 cubic yards loss. Supply by river and coastal erosion is not enough to account for such a volume; hence the sand budget has a large delivery deficit in that area. This is perhaps made up by shoreward transport from deeper water by long period waves. G 73-5 esf ?' ! Arp, A.J.
Hansen, B.M.
Julian, D. 1992 Burrow environment and coelomic fluid characteristics of the echiuran worm Urechis caupo from populations at three sites in northern California 613-623 Marine Biology 113 4 Echiuroidea, Invertebrata, Animalia, Animals, Invertebrates, USA, Ph, Sediment, Sulfide, Oxygen, Concentration, Hematin, Salinity, Survival, Subterranean Bioresearch, Ecology, Environmental Biology, Biochemistry, Physics and Chemistry, Invertebrata, Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, Echiuroidea, Biochemical Studies, Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids, Porphyrins and Bile Pigments, Minerals, marine, benthic, Princeton Harbor, Bodega Bay, Elkhorn Slough The burrow microhabitat and physiology of the echiuran worm Urechis caupo at a high-density site (Elkhorn Slough , California, USA), were investigated from 1987 to 1990 to determine physical and chemical conditions, worm density and distribution, and coelomic fluid characteristics such as heme composition, pO2, pH, and coelomocyte volume. During tidal exposure, worm burrows at this site exhibited, on average, 52% air-saturated water, 11 .{mu}.M burrow-water sulfide, 85 .{mu}.g/mg wet weight sediment sulfide, and salinity and osmolalities similar to those of seawater. These conditions are compared to those of another California site, Bodega Bay, which had slightly lower oxygen concentrations, but higher water and sediment-sulfide levels. A more limited comparison to a third site, Princeton Harbor, California, is included. Worms from Bodega Bay, the higher sulfide site, had greater concentrations of hematin, a non-globin heme compound contained in the coelomocytes, and exhibited a greater tolerance to sulfide in the laboratory. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that hematin is a sulfide-detoxifying agent that may enhance survival of U. caupo in the sulfide-rich mudflat environment. I pdf available at ESNERR Mar Biol esf ?( Arp, A.J.
Menon, J.G.
Julian, D. 1995O Multiple mechanisms provide tolerance to environmental sulfide in Urechis caupo 132-144 American Zoologist 35 2~ Marine Echiuran Worm, Oxygen, Hemoglobin, Invertebrates, Meiofauna, Diffusion, Oxidation, Hindgut, mudflats, Elkhorn Slough, Animal, Echiuroidea, ecology, physiology, soil science, toxicology, biochemistry, environmental biology, Cytochrome Oxidase, Damaged Cell Sloughing, Defense Mechanism, Detoxification, Sulfide Oxidation, Tidal Exposure, Toxicity, marine, intertidal, benthic During tidal exposure the echiuran worm Urechis caupo encounters toxic sulfide in its burrow microhabitat on the marine mudflat. Although sulfide freely penetrates the two respiratory epithelia (the body wall and hindgut) and tissue cytochrome oxidases are extremely sulfide sensitive, the worm tolerates sulfide concentrations which exceed environmental exposures. Sulfide tolerance results from a suite of sulfide detoxification mechanisms that extend from the coelomic fluid to the epithelial surfaces. The coelomic fluid is rich in hemoglobin and hematin, both of which bind sulfide and catalyze the oxidation of sulfide to thiosulfate in vitro. Peripheral defense mechanisms responsible for protection of aerobic epithelia from sulfide poisoning may include mucus secretion, sulfide oxidation by symbiotic bacteria and/or specialized organelles termed SOBs, and sloughing of sulfide damaged cells. Thiosulfate, the principal detoxification endproduct produced in vivo, is eliminated primarily by diffusion across the hindgut, and sulfide metabolites may be sequestered and eliminated by the anal sacs. Based on a hypothetical model, we conclude that sulfide tolerance in U. caupo is due primarily to the sulfide oxidation activity of the coelomic fluid and that the specialized integument and hindgut protect the metabolically active, sulfide-exposed epithelial cells. These sulfide detoxification mechanisms may allow populations of this filter-feeding worm to exploit nutrient-rich, sulfidic environments. I pdf available at ESNERR Amer Zool esf?)
- Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, 19789 Water quality management plan for the Monterey Bay region 1-43 Monterey, CA AMBAG> water quality, resource management, Monterey Bay, human impact Report M' table of contents and introduction only ?*
- Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, 1990 Work plan for water quality management planning program (Section 205 (j)) on water quality management planning and outreach program for the Elkhorn Slough 1-31 Monterey, CA, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments> Water quality management, California, Elkhorn Slough, Planning M not here UCSC ScienceStacks: TD225.S4W673?+
- Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, 1993j Coastal aquatic marine projects information transfer system: Regional water quality bibliographic database 1-11
Marina, CA AMBAG2 Monterey Bay, water quality, bibliography, ecology Report. Coastal Aquatic Marine Projects Information Transfer System (CAMPITS) Regional Water Quality Bibliography has been prepared by AMBAG as a portion of the CAMPITS project. The bibliograhy provides a comprehensive listing of water quality related reports, studies, and documents which address water quality issues in Monterey and Santa Cruz counties. The bibliography contains over 600 references. M esf?,
Ballance, L. 1983T Movements and daily activity patterns of a brown pelican in Monterey Bay, California 1-16 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesR brown pelican, birds; Vertebrates; Chordates; radio tagging, pelagic, Monterey Bay Unpublished Student Report9 Radio tagging study of one brown pelican in Monterey Bay. B Report for Marine Ecology class esfF;- ( Baltz, D.M.
Morejohn, G.V.
Antrim, B.S. 1979@ Size selective predation and food habits of two California terns 7
Western Birds 10 1 California terns, predation, birds; Vertebrates; Chordates; Casian tern, Forster's tern, size selective predation, Elkhorn Slough, estuarine, ecology, foraging ecology The present study documents size selection of prey species by two species of seabird, the Caspian tern (Sterna caspia) and the Forster's tern (S. forsteri). These two seabirds, although differing greatly in size, have broadly overlapping breeding seasons and similar foraging strategies. The study was done in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California, where the fish fauna is well known; both terns forage in the slough and breed nearby.
Highly significant differences in the sizes of prey taken were found. Almost exclusive predation on different age clases of the same prey species, shiner perch and northern anchovy, was also found. B6 http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/wb/v10n01/p0017-p0024.pdf Pages 22-23 missing esf 17 pdf available at ESNERR ?. S. Bane 2002L Effects of an invasive isopod on erosion rates at Elkhorn Slough, California 68 pp. Environmental Studies San Jose% California State University, San Jose1 invertebrates, Elkhorn Slough, estuary, hydrology Masters of Science Elkhorn Slough is experiencing high rates of erosion and extensive loss of salt marsh habitat as a result of introduced tidal scour processes. Understanding the factors that contribute to or exacerbate tidal scour (at) Elkhorn Slough is important for the management and conservation of the habitats that occur there. This study examined the potential contribution of Sphaeroma quoyanum, an exotic, burrowing isopod, to marsh erosion and bank loss at Elkhorn Slough, California. Results showed no relationships between S. quoyanum organisms, burrow density, and erosion rates for: (1) the entire Elkhorn Slough system, (2) subsets of sites such as tidal creeks, or (3) sites classified as having "high" rates of erosion. Sphaeroma quoyanum are currently not contributing to erosion rates in Elkhorn Slough. It appears that other factors such as tidal current, wave action, and tidal prism are the more significant contributors to Elkhorn Slough's high erosion rates. I, W esf Q?/
Barendregt, Robert D. 1948 The distribution and ecological relationship of Brachyuran crabs of the Monterey Peninsula with observations of their general biology 1-15 Bodega Marine Laboratory; Elkhorn Slough; Invertebrates; Arthropoda; Crustacea; crabs Unpublished Student Report I not here $want abstract?0
Baron, Doris 1971 Monterey Bay bibliography 1-285 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories> Marine biology, California, Monterey Bay, Bibliography, marine Technical Publication a partial, provisional bibliography of scientific and general papers, reports, books, and miscellaneous publications which deal directly or indirectly with the Central California coast R not here 71-1 Մ?1
Baron, Doris 1972& Monterey Bay bibliography - Supplement 1-5 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories> Marine biology, California, Monterey Bay, Bibliography, marine Technical Publication a partial, provisional bibliography of scientific and general papers, reports, books, and miscellaneous publications which deal directly or indirectly with the Central California coast R not here edited by Doris Baron, librarian 72-8?2
Barrett, E.M. 1963 The California oyster industry 1-99 123& California Department of Fish and Gamez pacific oyster, eastern oyster, industry, marketing, bivalvia, Mollusca, Invertebrates, estuarine, Elkhorn Slough, fishery
Fish Bulletin The California oyster industry, after a long period of quiesence from about 1910 to 1955, has entered a period of increased production that probably will be sustained. The companies responsible for this growth feel they have demonstrated that relatively large-scale oyster culture can be successfully carried out in their areas, and are confident this will continue to be true. this optimism appears well founded in that the companies have had long experience in the oyster business. they serve a region where the populations is increasing rapidly, and this, combined with the lack of other large California bays suitable for oystering, indicates market conditions will favorable and stable.
It is not likely that the two large bys not presently used for oyster culture, San Francisco and San Diego bays, will be sufficiently cleared of pollution in the near future to enable the industry to utilize them. Tomales Bay has been declining as an oyster producing center recently, but in the future a more vigorous company may fully develop the limited tide flats at the head of the bay or begin using the Japanese method of hanging cultures in the deeper parts of the bay.
The industry is not seriously plagued with destructive pests which it cannot control, nor pollution from domestic or industrial sources. There have been no oyster diseases such as those causing considerable losses to oystermen on the east coast.
The history of the Elkhorn Slough oyster industry is discussed (1930s) I No. 123 esf ?3 Barry, J.P. 1983M Utilization of shallow marsh habitats by fishes in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-95! Department of Biological Sciences San Jose, CA California State University fish, marsh habitat; Vertebrates; Chordates; Osteichthyes, estuarine, Elkhorn Slough, nursery, abundance, spatial and temporal distribution, otter trawl, feeding ecology, prey, invertebrates M.A. Thesis( Samples collected from Oct 1978 to May 1980 indicate that many species of fishes, including some commercially important species, utilize the tidal creeks and inland portions of Elkhorn Slough. In order of decreasing abundance, the trawl-susceptible fishes comprising at least 1.0 percent of the total catch were staghorn sculpin northern anchovy, Pacific herring, shinerperch, starry flounder, blackperch, leopard shark, California halibut, and the bat ray. Most species were present primarily as juveniles, while individuals of some species were captured in lower numbers as reproductively active adults. Nearly all species exhibited seasonal patterns of abundance, with highest densities of juveniles occurring in spring and summer, and these patterns reflected the reproductive habits of species.
Most fishes consumed secondary producers, including zooplankton, epifaunal crustaceans, infaunal worms and molluscs, and larger mobile crustaceans and fishes. Plant material and detritus constituted a significant portion of the diets of some fishes, but were much less important overall than the above prey types.
Although it is difficult to assess the relative importance of Elkhorn Slough to fish production in Monterey Bay and the California continental shelf, shallow turbid areas in Elkhorn Slough function as nursery and/or spawning areas for various fishes. Factors responsible for this utilization may include both abiotic and biotic controls such as secondary production, and relatively low predation pressure due to high turbidity and/or low predator densities. F multiple copies (2) esf?4 # Barry, James P.
Cailliet, Gregor M. 1981i The utilization of shallow marsh habitats by commercially important fishes in Elkhorn Slough, California. 38-47 Cal-Neva Wildlife Transactions Elkhorn Slough, commerical fisheries, fish assemblages, vertebrates; Chordates; fishes; salt marsh; tidal creeks, prey types, estuarine, marine, juvenile fish, distribution, abundance, ecology Samples taken by various gear from October 1978 to may 1980 indicate that many fish species, some of which are commercially important, utilize the tidal creeks and inland protions of Elkhorn Slough, a shallow coastal embayment in Monterey Bay, California. In order of abundance, fishes important to commercial fisheries were northern anchovy, Pacific herring, shiner surfperch, starry flounder, black surfperch, leopard shark, California halibut, bat ray, and english sole. Most of these species occurred in teh tidal creeks and upper slough primarily as juveniles, while individuals of some species were captured in lower numbers as reproductively active adults (Pacific herring, shiner perch, black perch, leopard shark, bat ray). Most species exhibited seasonal patterns of occupation with the highest densities of juveniles occurring in spring and summer; these patterns reflected the reproductive habits of the species.
These fishes fed on a variety of prey types, including zooplankton, epifaunal crustaceans, infaunal worms and mollusca, and larger mobile crustaceans and fishes. Plant material and detritus constituted a small portion of the diets of most species, but were much less important overall than the above prey types.
Although the relatvie importance of Elkhorn Slough to commercial fish production in Monterey Bay and the California continental shelf is dufficult to assess, it appears that shallow turbid areas in Elkhorn Slough function as a nursery and/or spawning area for various economically important fishes. Factors respsonsible for this utilization may include high primary and secondary production, beneficial temperature and salinity regimes, and relatively low predation pressure due to high turbidity and/or low predator densities. F esf .?5 Z Barry, James P.
Yoklavich, Mary M.
Cailliet, Gregor M.
Ambrose, David A.
Antrim, Brooke S. 1996O Trophic ecology of the dominant fishes in Elkhorn Slough, California, 1974-1980 115-138 Estuaries 19 1 Estuarine ecology, environmental sciences, Nutrition, Chondrichthyes, Pisces, Crustacea, Invertebrata, Mollusca, Osteichthyes, Vertebrata, Polychaeta, Annelida, Amphistichus argenteus, Atherinops affinis, Atherinopsis californiensis, Citharichthys stigmaeus, Clevelandia ios, Clupea pallasi, Cymatogaster aggregata , Embiotoca jacksoni, Engraulis mordax, Gillichthys mirabilis, Hyperprosopon anale, Leptocottus armatus, Myliobatus californica, Phanerodon furcatus, Platichthys stellatus, Pleuronectes vetulus, Psettichthys melanostictus, Triakis semifasciata, Crustaceans, Fish, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Elkhorn Slough, Ecology, Oceanography, Limnology, marine, estuarine, benthic, pelagic, baseline characterization, monitoring.) Food habits of the dominant fishes collected from 1974 to 1980 at eight locations in Elkhorn Slough , California, and the adjacent ocean were investigated. Epifaunal crustacea was the major prey group identified from stomach contents of more than 2,000 fishes, followed by epifaunal and infaunal worms, and molluscs. Overall, 18 fish species consumed 263 different prey taxa, ranging from 10 taxa to 125 taxa per fish species and including 99 crustacean, 56 polychaete, and 39 molluscan taxa. Mean prey richness was greatest at stations near the ocean and lowest at inshore stations. Detailed dietary data for all prey taxa were summarized as trophic spectra for each fish species. Trophic spectra represented functional groups of prey and were used for comparisons of dietary similarity. Cluster analyses, based on trophic spectra, resulted in four feeding guilds of fishes. Of 18 fish species, seven (Amphistichus argenteus, Leptocottus armatus, Embiotoca jacksoni, Clevelandia ios, Gillichthys mirabilis, Cymatogaster aggregata, and Citharichthys stigmaeus) fed principally on epifaunal crustacea. Four species (Pleuronectes vetulus, Platichthys stellatus, Phaneradon furcatus, and Myliobatus californica) consumed mostly molluscs and infaunal worms. Two species (Psettichthys melanostictus and Triakis semifasciata) fed on mobile crustacea, and five species (Hyperprosopon anale, Engraulis mordax, Clupea pallasi, Atherinopsis californiensis, and Atherinops affinis) fed largely on zooplankton and plant material. Our results suggest that high food availability enhances the nursery function of inshore habitats, and emphasize the importance of invertebrate prey populations and the indirect linkage of plant production to the ichthyofaunal assemblage, particularly marine immigrant species that are likely 'estuarine dependent.' F pdf available at ESNERR Estuaries esf ?6
Z Barry, James P.
Yoklavich, Mary M.
Cailliet, Gregor M.
Ambrose, David A.
Antrim, Brooke S. ??{ Food habits, dietary overlap, trophic selectivity, and trophic spectra of the dominant fishes in Elkhorn Slough, California 49 pp. Estuarine ecology, environmental sciences, Nutrition, Chondrichthyes, Pisces, Crustacea, Invertebrata, Mollusca, Osteichthyes, Vertebrata, Polychaeta, Annelida, Amphistichus argenteus, Atherinops affinis, Atherinopsis californiensis, Citharichthys stigmaeus, Clevelandia ios, Clupea pallasi, Cymatogaster aggregata , Embiotoca jacksoni, Engraulis mordax, Gillichthys mirabilis, Hyperprosopon anale, Leptocottus armatus, Myliobatus californica, Phanerodon furcatus, Platichthys stellatus, Pleuronectes vetulus, Psettichthys melanostictus, Triakis semifasciata, Crustaceans, Fish, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Elkhorn Slough, Ecology, Oceanography, Limnology, marine, estuarine, benthic, pelagic, baseline characterization, monitoring. F
manuscript esfD ?7
Bascom, Willard 1947K Investigations at Moss Landing, California: June 6, 1946, to March 31, 1947 Berkeley, CAL University of California Department of Engineering, Fluid Mechanics Division@ Beaches California
Harbors Moss Landing (Calif.)
Jetties, marine Technical Report M not here
HE-116-243 ?8
Beal, Brian 19924 Growth of two embiotocids along the California coast Bodega Marine LaboratoryW Elkhorn Slough; Vertebrates; fish ; surfperch; Cymatogaster; Micrometrus; Moss Landing; Unpublished student report F not here $want abstract ?9 Beard, C. 1941@ Drainage development in the vicinity of Monterey Bay, California
Urbana, Il University of Illinois Urbana
human impacts Ph.D. Dissertation M D?: Beau, M. 1981` A site disturbance index for a California coastal watershed: Elkhorn Slough watershed case study$ Department of Landscape Architecture Berkeley, CA! University of California Berkeley watersheds, Elkhorn Slough M not here?; ! Beck, NG; Fisher, AT; Bruland, KW 2001N Modeling water, heat, and oxygen budgets in a tidally dominated estuarine pond 15 Marine Ecology Progress Series 217M Estuary, Wetland restoration model, diel ecosystem metabolism, eutrophication
July 21, 2001 We present a methodology to model water, heat, and dissolved oxygen budgets on short
time scales within a shallow estuarine environment using limited local water quality and limatic data. A tidally restricted eutrophic pond in Elkhorn Slough, California, experiences extreme diel dissolved oxygen (DO) variations during warm sunny days and neap tidal cycles. Empirical relationships between biological metabolism (measured as DO variations) and physical parameters are derived using time-series hydrographic data from the site. A simple box model predicts the time-series structure of water depth, water temperature, and DO concentrations within the pond as a function of the tidal cycle and local climate over 10 to 15 d simulation periods. Parametric analyses illustrate applications
of the model to predict thermal and geochemical responses to hydrologic, chemical, and climatic alterations to the system. This study also initiates preliminary investigations of the fundamental processes influencing DO dynamics within a natural wetland environment, and could be used to explore the potential response to various physical and chemical alterations prior to restoration or management adjustments. Future box models of wetland geochemistry should include carbon and nutrient budgets to create a more sensitive model, and to allow more rigorous evaluations of the role decreased nutrient inputs would play in alleviating eutrophic conditions. C pdf availabe at ESNERR 43-58?< Beck, N. G.
Bruland, K. W. 2000O Diel biogeochemical cycling in a hyperventilating shallow estuarine environment 177-187 Estuaries 23 2 chemistry A diel biogeochemical study was performed to assess the influence that periods of elevated biological activity have on the biogeochemical cycling of macronutrients and redox-sensitive elements in a natural estuarine environment. ... G, C pdf available at ESNERR esf ?= j
Beeman, R. D. 1969{ An auto-adiographic demonstration of stomach tooth renewal in Phyllaplysia taylori Dall, 1900 (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) 141-146 Biological Bulletin 136 2 Invertebrata, Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, Mollusca, Radiation and Isotope Techniques, Ecology, Biochemical Studies, Digestive System, Algae, Animals, Invertebrates, Microorganisms, Mollusks, Elkhorn Slough 1) Brief.exposure to H3-thymidine in vivo labels the secretion which basally renews the stomach teeth of Phyllaplysia taylori.
2) A line of radioactive label migrates fromt he base of an average stomach tooth to its tip in about 25 days. This indicates daily replacement of about 4.2% of the mean tooth height.
3) There is no autoradiographic evidence of the migration of labeled nuclei into the growing tooth: the label was found in the non-cellular, translucent matrix of the tooth.
4) The nature of the labeling is not clear. The incorporation of the label into tooth matrix, probably mainly composed of chitin, may be as simple as the shunting of labeled acetyl groups into the mucopolysaccharide synthesis.
5) Tooth growth evidently normally exceeds the rapid wear caused by an abrasive diet of diatoms. The size and shape of the teeth is maintained by the milling action of their intermeshing motion. I- http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/136/2/141 pdf available at ESNERR esf?> X Beeman, R.D. 1970r The anatomy and functional morphology of the reproductive system in the Opisthobranch Mollusk Phyllaplysia taylori 1-31 Veliger 13 1 Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, Biochemistry, Morphology, Gastropoda, Animals, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Elkhorn Slough, nudibranch, marine, estuary This paper covers the following topics:
1) Anatomy and histology of the reproductive system - including ovotestis; coelomic gonoduct (pre-ampullar portion, ampulla proper, post-ampullar portion); pallial gonoduct (female gland mass, albumen gland, membrane gland, mucous gland, seminal receptacle, common genital duct, copulatory bursa, atrium, atrial gland); external genital groove; penis
2) Functional morphology of the reproductive system - including movment and storage of endogenous sperm; copulation; movement and storage of exogenous sperm; egg-string production (movement of oocytes, fertilization, egg string formation and oviposition, anaspidean egg-strings)
3) General discussion - including seminal receptacle; copulatory bursa I esf Cξ?? j Beeman, R.D. 1970n An ecological study of Phyllaplysia taylori (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) with an emphasis on its reproduction 189-211% Vie Et Milieu Serie a Biologie Marine 21 1A Elkhorn Slough, Periodic Cycles, Ecology, Reproductive System, Gastropoda, Algae, Angiosperms, Animals, Invertebrates, Microorganisms, Mollusks, Plants, Diatom, Diet, Zostera marina I Ordered from UCSC Library MLML has reprint Vie Milieu Ser a Biol Mar F?@ X Beeman, R.D. 1970u An auto radiographic and phase contrast study of spermatogenesis in the anaspidean Opisthobranch Phyllaplysia taylori 5-22. Archives De Zoologie Experimentale Et Generale 111 1 Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Physiology and Pathology -- Mollusca (CC64026); Microscopy, Radiation and Isotope Techniques, Gastropoda, Animals, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Tritiated, Thymidine I) pdf available at ESNERR, MLML has reprint Arch Zool Exp Gen ?A j
Beeman, R. D. 1970 An auto radiographic study of sperm exchange and storage in a sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori, a hermaphroditic gastropod (Opisthobranchia: Anaspidea) 125-132 Journal of Experimental Zoology 175 1 Elkhorn Slough, Reproductive System, Physiology and Biochemistry, Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Ecology, Animals, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Ciliary Action Tritiated thymidine autoradiography was used to distinguish exogenous from endogenous sperm and to determine the translocations of labeled sperm within the simultaneously hermaphroditic, reciprocally copulating gastropod Phyllaplysia taylori. Heavily labeled sperm start leaving the ovotestis within 14 days after injection of H3-thymidine. These endogenous sperm are stored, evidently less than 20 days, in the ampulla prior to copulation. During copulation the endogenous sperm are tightly bund to one another by extracellular material forming a seminal strand. This seminal strand is moved by ciliary action along the spermoviduct fold and genital groove to the tip of the extended penis. As the seminal strand issues from the tip of the labeled animal's penis into the copulatory duct of an unlabeled mate, the extracellular material of the strand dissolves, releasing the now exogenous sperm (some of which are labeled). Most of the labeled exogenous sperm are found int he seminal receptacle within two hours after copulation. Within five hours some of these sperm have become oriented with their heads buried into the receptacle lining. Surplus exogenous sperm flow into the copulatory bursa where they are destroyed. I pdf available at ESNERR
J Exp Zool esf :?B
Bell, G. 1968E Descriptive air pollution climatology and meteorology of Monterey Bay 20-321 Air pollution in Monterey and Santa Cruz CountiesA Monterey-Santa Cruz County Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictA human impacts, chemistry, meteorology, climatology, air pollution W not here ?C
Benson, S. 1994d The effect of deteriorated salt marsh in Elkhorn Slough on shorebird densities and foraging behavior Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories9 shorebirds, Elkhorn slough; Vertebrates; Chordates; birds Unpublished Student Report B ?D Berkeley, E.
Berkeley, C. 1935S Some notes on the polychaetous annelids of Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 766-775 American Midland Naturalist 16 5# Invertebrates; Annelida; Polychaeta I MLML has reprint u?E Bigelow, H.B.
Leslie, M. 1930D Reconnaissance of the waters and plankton of Monterey Bay, July 1928 430-581@ Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 52 5C nitrate, phosphate, silica, Monterey Bay, diatoms, plankton, marine& A study was made of the distribution of temp., salinity, circulation, chemistry, and plankton of Monterey Bay, California, from the surface down to 600 m. in July, 1928. Comparison with previous data shows that the temp. range from summer to winter is comparatively narrow and that week to week variations may exceed the seasonal. Surface salinity was remarkably uniform. Vertical upwelling was indicated in the middle and outer parts of the Bay by low temp. Analysis of the dynamic state showed a tendency toward clockwise circulation in the southern half of the Bay, the northern half being relatively stagnant. The concentration of phosphates, silicates, and nitrates showed increase with depth. At certain stations the surface water was nitrate free. Dissolved O, on the other hand, decreased with depth to extremely low values at 500 m., and surface values were lowest where upwelling was most active. The maintenance of chemical fertility in the surface water is chiefly due to the upwelling. Diatoms proved most abundant in the upper 10 m., and comparison with other regions shows that the diatom production of Monterey Bay is relatively high. The dominant sp. are listed through the cooperation of Dr. A. Mann. The zooplankton show 2 bathymetric zones, one close to the surface, the other at a depth greater than 100 m. The general associations are discussed for each, and notes are given on the Coelenterates, Ctenophores, Chaetognaths, Copepods, Amphipods, Euphausiids, Decapods, and Appendicula-rians. No new sp. are described. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: H. B. Bigelow I Ordered from UCSC Library Ordered from UCSC Library?F
Blankinship, M.S.
Carey, R.O. 1992@ Lower Salinas River near coastal waters initiative pilot project, Association of Monterey Bay Area GovernmentsP water quality, agriculture, pesticides, BMP, Salinas River, Kleinfelder, ecology Final Draft Report M ?G
Blankinship, M.S.
Evans, A.D. 1993; Elkhorn Slough 205(j) uplands water quality management plan, Association of Monterey Bay Area GovernmentsH water quality, Elkhorn Slough, pesticides, agriculture, BMP, Kleinfelder Final Report M ?H
Blanks, G. A. 1967 A cytological and morphological study of the harvest mice of the Lower Salinas Valley: Reithrodontomys megalotis longicaudus Baird and Reithrodontomys megalotis distichlis von Bloeker 72 pp. Biological Sciences San Jose San Jose State University mammal Master of Arts V esf ?I
Bluestone, V. 1970U Distribution of selected coastal beach and dune plants along Monterey Bay, California San Francisco, CA San Francisco State University# plants, dune plants, coastal plants M.A. Thesis P ?J
Bodensteiner, W.M. 2003, Pajaro River Watershed Flood Protection Plan Seaside, CA California State University?K Bodovitz, J.E. 1977Y Preliminary staff report on the nomination of a Federal Estuarine Sanctuary in California California Coastal Commission= Elkhorn Slough, habitat, management, protection, conservation
Memorandum This memo provides information on the following topics:
1) background of the Federal Estuarine Sanctuary Program
2) discussion of the four possible sanctuary areas within the California biogeographic providence which are: Upper Newport Bay, Elkhorn Slough, Tomales Bay, and Esteros Americano and de San Antonio)
3) formal criteria for selection
4) alternative management programs
5) an excerpt from the Federal Register Volume 39, Number 108, Part iv
6) legislation related to the Federal Estuarine Sanctuary Program M ?L Bond, L.D.
Bredehoeft, J.D. 1987c Origins of seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer -- A case study of the Pajaro Valley, California 363-388 California Journal of Hydrology 92/ seawater intrusion, saltwater intrusion, marine Seawater may enter and contaminate stratified coastal aquifers through a number of different pathways. These pathways and their relative contribution are examined in the Pajaro Valley, California, a coastal area with extensive groundwater development. This study considers three pathways of possible intrusion of the primary confined aquifer: (1) onshore leakage from brackish sources, the estuary and sloughs, through the confining layer; (2) near-shore leakage from the ocean through the confining layer; and (3) offshore flow from the ocean through the submarine canyon outcrop of the aquifer. Groundwater flow and seawater intrusion are simulated using an areal, two-dimensional solute-transport computer model. This analysis indicates that leakage through confining layers is the principal mechanism of recharge to the aquifer. Although lateral flow through the offshore outcrop contaminates the aquifer, as a whole, at a higher rate, vertical leakage through the sea floor initially is the main pathway of seawater intrusion to the onshore portion of the aquifer. It is likely that leakage generally is the dominant mechanism of recharge and initial cause of seawater intrusion for poorly-confined, stratified coastal aquifers. This analysis suggests that a significant time interval follows the initial observation of seawater intrusion, during which remedial action can be taken to control lateral flow through the offshore outcrop, which ultimately will be the largest component of future intrusion in these aquifers. W pdf available at ESNERR6?M
/ Boulanger, Ross W.
Idriss, I.M.
Mejia, Lelio H. 1995 Investigation and evaluation of liquefaction related ground displacements at Moss Landing during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake Davis, CAk Center for Geotechnical Modeling, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Californiap Soil liquifaction, California, Moss Landing, Earthquakes, Earth movements, Loma Prieta Earthquake, 1989, geology ReportQ The 1989 Loma Prieta, California earthquake caused extensive liquefaction in the vicinity of Moss Landing, located midway between Santa Cruz and Monterey on Monterey Bay. The results of an investigation and evaluation of liquefaction-related ground displacements at select locations in the Moss Landing area are presented in this report. G not here No. UCD/CGM-95/02 J?N
Bowman, S.A. 1986Y The impact of clam digging on benthic infauna in Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, California Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories` clam digging, benthic infauna, benthic communities, estuarine communities; Invertebrata, benthic Unpublished Student Report I $want abstract ?O
Brantner, J. 20017 Rates of erosion and habitat loss in the Elkhorn Slough 23 pp.) California State University, Monterey BayX Elkhorn Slough, tidal erosion, tidal scour, Moss Landing Harbor, estuaries, habitat loss unpublished student report April 20, 2001g The Elkhorn Slough is a narrow, tidal embayment at the mouth of the Monterey Canyon in central California. The Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Research Reserve encompasses about 1400 acres on the south and east sides of the slough. Wide ranges of habitats are represented, from grasslands and oak woodlands to saltmarsh, tidal mudflats, and open water. This diversity of habitats is home to over 400 species of invertebrates, 80 species of fish, and 260 species of birds. In 1946 the shoreline dune along the Slough's western edge was breached to provide permanent ocean access for the Moss Landing Harbor. Since the breach of the western dune tidal currents have increased, widening and deepening the main channel of the slough. Projects to minimize the effects of increased tidal influences have been proposed but are associated with great monetary costs and ecological unknowns. Any attempt to slow the currents may have irreversible effects on the ecology. A bathymetyric survey of the slough designed to determine the degree that erosion is changing the slough channel was conducted fro this project. By comparing current channel dimensions with data collected in 1993, this study shows that the Elkhorn Slough has lost 4.66 x 105 m3 of sediment from the main channel between the mouth of the slough and Kirby Park. Channel depths increased an average of 0.52 meters with the greatest change occurring at the slough mouth and at Seal Bend with increases of 24% and 30% respectively. The channel volume increased overall by 15% with the greatest changes at the slough mouth and Seal Bend with increases of 26% and 19% respectively. WD http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Brantner_2001.pdf esf0 ?P
' Breaker, L. C.
Broenkow, William Walter 19895 The circulation of Monterey Bay and related processes 1-138 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesK Ocean circulation, California, Monterey Bay, Estuarine oceanography, marine Technical Publication R not here 89-1 |?Q 6 Breaker, L. C.
Broenkow, W. W.
Watson, W. E.
Jo, Y. H. 20085 Tidal and nontidal oscillations in Elkhorn Slough, CA 239-257 Estuaries and Coasts 31 2 Elkhorn Slough; tides; shallow water constituents; tidal harmonics; power spectrum; Hilbert spectrum; non-tidal oscillations; natural oscillations of Monterey Bay Aprw Elkhorn Slough is a shallow, tidally forced estuary that is directly connected to Monterey Bay. It is ebb-dominated and, due to continued erosion, the tidal prism has tripled over the past 40 years. Water level measurements at four locations are used to examine tidal and nontidal oscillations in Elkhorn Slough. The tidal response of Elkhorn Slough differs from that of Monterey Bay primarily due to the generation of a relatively large number of shallow-water tidal constituents that are due to tidal distortion caused by friction along the bottom and lateral boundaries, intertidal storage, and nonlinear advection. The shallow-water constituents range from 3 to almost 15 cycles per day (cpd) and include a rich variety of overtides and compound tides, whose amplitudes generally increase toward the head of the slough. The tidal harmonics are seasonally dependent, with lower amplitudes during the fall and winter and higher amplitudes in summer. The tidal constituents were examined using two types of spectral decomposition, the conventional power spectrum and the more recent Hilbert spectrum. Unlike the power spectrum, the Hilbert spectrum does not reveal any harmonic structure in the data. Energy associated with tidal distortion in this case appears to be broadly distributed across the spectral continuum. At least four nontidal oscillations occur in Elkhorn Slough with frequencies of 26.0, 39.7, 52.7, and 66.9 cpd. The Hilbert spectrum reveals maxima at 26, 39.7, and 66.9 cpd, but not at 52.7 cpd, suggesting that it is harmonically related to the oscillation at 26.0 cpd. The nontidal oscillations fall into the range of frequencies associated with the natural oscillations of Monterey Bay. However, evolutionary power spectra indicate that they appear to be permanent features of the system and thus are not necessarily consistent with seiche-like oscillations that are often transient and subject to damping. These oscillations could be caused by several factors including edge waves along the coast of Monterey Bay, long-period surface waves of atmospheric origin that enter the bay from offshore, or breaking internal waves in and around the Monterey Submarine Canyon. In conclusion, detailed hydrodynamic models are needed to provide a better understanding of how tidal harmonics are generated and preserved in Elkhorn Slough, and to determine the origin of the natural oscillations in Monterey Bay. pdf available at ESNERR 1559-2723 ISI:000253696500002 *?R
Breschini, F.
Haversat, T. 1980n Preliminary archaeological reconnissance of a proposed warehouse at the Capurro farm, Moss Landing, California Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State University0 archaeology, Moss Landing, Capurro farm, history Report H "?S
Breschini, F.
Haversat, T. 1981g Preliminary archaeological reconnaissance of a parcel in the Struve Road area, Moss Landing, California Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State University/ archaeology, Struve Road, Moss Landing, history Report H ?T
Breschini, F.
Haversat, T. 1983d Preliminary archaeological reconnaissance north of Avila Road, 4 km east of Moss Landing, California Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State University. archaeology, Avila Road, Moss Landing, history Report H 4 ?U
Breschini, F.
Haversat, T. 1983{ Preliminary archaeological reconnaissance at the intersection of Moss Landing Road and Highway 1, Moss Landing , California Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State University- archaeology, Moss Landing, Highway 1, history Report H)?V
Breschini, G.
Haversat, T. 1980j Archaeological mitigation plan for PG&E's Moss Landing marine terminal expansion, Moss Landing, California Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State University( archaeology, PG&E, Moss Landing, history Report H not here1?W
Breschini, G.
Haversat, T. 1990 Archaeological and osteological analysis of a prehistoric burial recovered from Site CA-MNT-228, Moss Landing, Monterey County, California. San Luis Obispo, CA3 California Department of Transportation, District 5 history, archaeology H not here?X
Breschini, G.S.
Haversat, T. 1995 Archaeological evaluation of CA-MNT-234, at the site of the proposed Moss Landing Marine Laboratory, Moss Landing, Monterey County, California 1-252 Salinas, CA Archaeological Consultingr Salinas River, middens, Native Americans, anthropology, archaeology, terrestrial habitats, foraging, fish, mammals Technical Report August 31, 1995D This report details the methods utilized and summarizes the results obtained from a test excavation undertaken at archaeological site CA-MNT-234, in Moss Landing, Monterey County, CA.
Conclusions include:
>vertebrate fauna indicates that the inhabitants used a large number of animal species procured from many habitats, and that the site was probably occupied year-round. The primary procurement area seems to have been the slough habitats.
> The paleoenvironmental reconstruction presented above indicates that the salinity of the slough, and thus the slough habitats, varied through time.
> The faunal list could not be used in determining whether a forager or collector pattern was represented.
> in this study, we have demonstrated that the hydrographic evolution of the Elkhorn Slough is more complex then previously understood. H esf ?Y
Bretz, Carrie 1992J Benthic Infaunal Survey: Moss Landing North Harbor and West Bennett Slough Moss Landing Harbor District ?Z
G Bricker, S.B.
Clement, C.G.
Pirhalla, D.E.
Orlando, S.P.
Farrow, D.R.G. 1999f National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment: Effects of Nutrient Enrichment in the Nation's Estuaries Silver Spring, MD National Ocean Service[D?[
Briggs, K. 1968* Microfaunal distribution in Elkhorn Slough< Unpublished student paper, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesX microfauna, Elkhorn Slough, microfaunal distribution, benthic communities, invertebrates Unpublished Student Report I not here $want abstract ?\
Briggs, K. 1968D Semidiurnal variations in temperature and salinity in Elkhorn Slough 1-26 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesS temperature, salinity, Elkhorn Slough, hydrography, oceanography, marine, estuarine Unpublished Student Report Water samples were taken at 6 station along Elkhorn Slough and analyzed for salinity and temperature. Sampling was at three depths once every two hours for a period of twelve hours. Data taken reveals the presence of a well developed "salt wedge" at the mouth of the estuary corresponding with high tide hours. Both temperature and salinity were found to decrease away from the mouth with the lowest values for both parameters occuring at the station most removed from the mouth. Cooler water was found at times to overlie a warmer mass. However, in such cases the cool water was less saline than the warm water and so density was relatively constant through the water column. W multiple copies (2) esf ?] < Briggs, K.T.
Tyler, W.B.
Lewis, D.B.
Kelly, P.R.
Croll, D.A. 19851 Brown Pelicans in Central and Northern California 353-373 J. Field Ornithology 54 4 z?^ j - Britting, S. A.
Zimmerman, R.C.
Alberte, R.S. (in preparation) Characterization of disjunct populations of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) from California II. Growth and physiological performance) Zostera marina, eelgrass; plantae, plants P not here ?_
Broenkow, W. 1975X Kaiser Refractories receiving water monitoring year end report: March 1974-February 1975 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories marine, monitoring Unpublished Report W not here ?`
Broenkow, W. 1976X Kaiser Refractories receiving water monitoring year end report, March 1975-February 1976 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories marine, monitoring Report W not here ?a
Broenkow, W. 1977? Tidal study of Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories4 U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration marsh, Elkhorn Slough R not here ?b Broenkow, W. 19779 Water chemistry of Elkhorn Slough and Moss Landing Harbor 392-464y Ecologic and Hydrographic Studies of Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing Harbor and Nearshore Coastal Waters, July 1974-June1976' Nybakken, J.
Cailliet, G.
Broenkow, W. Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories2 ecology, hydrography, Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay W not here ?c
Broenkow, W. 1979X Kaiser Refractories receiving water monitoring year end report, March 1978-February 1979 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories marine, monitoring Unpublished Report W not here ?d
Broenkow, W. 1985E Kaiser Refractories receiving water monitoring summaries 1973 to 1985 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories water monitoring, Kaiser, temperature, Salinity, oxygen, light transmission, pH, suspended solids, turbidity, suspended Ca, dissolved Ca, marine, monitoring Unpublished Report W Have examples of the type of data collected. Examples are for 3/6/73 and 1/29/81. Permission to use this data must be obtained from National Refractories or contact Dr. Broenkow at MLML esf?e
( Broenkow, W.
Lasley, S.R.
Schrader, G.C. 1975u California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations hydrographic data report, Monterey Bay, July to December 1974 1-80 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories6 hydrography, Monterey Bay, monitoring, secchi disk, wave direction, height, period, wind direction, speed, air temperature, cloud type, cloud amount, visibility, depth, water temperature, salinity, density, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, silica, oceanography, pelagic, subtidal, marine Technical publication The data contained in this report were obtaine as a continuance of the nearly bi-weekly hydrographic observations initiated by personnel at Hopkins Marine Station over two decades ago. Since July 1974 the hydrographic sampling program has been carried out by investigators at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in conjuction with an interdisciplinary study of the squid, Loligo opalescens, supported by the National Office of Sea Grant. Because of the squid study our observations were made at night. Five of the original CalCOFI stations (2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, and 2205) have been retained in our sampling routine, and additional inner-bay stations have been added (1125 and 1154). W CASUC-MLML-TP-75-01 esf ?f
( Broenkow, W.
Lasley, S.R.
Schrader, G.C. 1976x California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations hydrographic data report, Monterey Bay, January to December 1975 1-157 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories6 hydrography, Monterey Bay, monitoring, secchi disk, wave direction, height, period, wind direction, speed, air temperature, cloud type, cloud amount, visibility, depth, water temperature, salinity, density, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, silica, oceanography, pelagic, subtidal, marine Technical Publication The data contained in this report were obtaine as a continuance of the nearly bi-weekly hydrographic observations initiated by personnel at Hopkins Marine Station over two decades ago. Since July 1974 the hydrographic sampling program has been carried out by investigators at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in conjuction with an interdisciplinary study of the squid, Loligo opalescens, supported by the National Office of Sea Grant. Five of the original CalCOFI stations (2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, and 2205) have been retained in our sampling routine, and additional inner-bay stations have been added (1125 and 1154). Station 1121 is sometimes sampled in place of 1125 when the latter is inaccessible during use of the Fort Ord firing ranges. W1 1 full copy, 1 copy does not include cruise data CASUC-MLML-TP-76-01 esf?g Broenkow, W.W. 1971i Chemical and physical effects of discharging Kaiser waste effluent into Monterey Bay and Moro Cojo Slough II1-II34) Technical Publication CASUC-MLML-TP-71-03 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratoriesb Kaiser, water pollution, Monterey Bay, Moro Cojo, aquatic toxicology, marine, estuarine, chemistry In the following sections, field observations and laboratory experiments that indicate a suitable method of disposing of Kaiser waste effluent are discussed. Surface currents in Monterey Bay near Moss Landing are described, and an explanation of the probable effect of this current regime on the planned ocean outfall is given. Sediment analyses from Moro Cojo Slough show that calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide form a large percentage of the sediments in the immediate vicinity of the present outfall in Moro Cojo Slough. Laboratory experiments following the reaction between seawater - Kaiser effluent mixtures show that the percipitation of calcium carbonate and the dissolution of magnesium hydroxide from these mixtures depend on the dilution of the effluent. These studies indicate that an initial dilution of one volume of effluent with seven volumes of seawater largely eliminates the formation of presistent precipitates. M esf ?h
Broenkow, W. W. 1994& Currents in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-30 Moss Landing Marine Laboratories marine, Elkhorn Slough June 1994 W esfk?i
) Broenkow, William Walter
McKain, Scott J. 1972 Tidal oscillations at the head of Monterey Submarine Canyon and their relation to oceanographic sampling and the circulation of water in Monterey Bay 1-42 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories+ Oscillations.
Monterey Bay (Calif.), marine
Annual Report W not here No. 30 Մ?j
Broenkow, W. W.
Smith, R. E. 1972n Hydrographic observations in Elkhorn Slough and Moss Landing Harbor, California, October 1970 to November 1971 1-74
Fresno, CA@ Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and California State University Rivers, Water chemistry, Tidal water, Temperature, Salinity, Nutrients, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Inorganic nitrates, Inorganic nitrites, coasts, California, Monterey County, California, Elkhorn Slough, monitoring, oceanography, hydrography Technical Publication Jul 1972 The Moss Landing Marine Laboratories began in October 1970 to collect data to determine the seasonal changes in the water chemistry of Elkhorn Slough and Moss Landing Harbor. The report contains the data for the period October 1970 - November 1971. Hydrographic sampling obtained data on temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrient ions (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and silica). The data will be useful for determining the flushing and mixing mechanisms of the slough and in establishing the effect that local domestic and industrial effluents have on the distribution of chemical parameters. (9 stations: 5 in slough and 4 in harbor) W multiple copies (2) CASUS-MLML-TP-72-03 esfM?k
Brown, J. 2002; A plan for monitoring the fish assemblage in Elkhorn Slough 1-252 Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Elkhorn Slough, fish, monitoring& Elkhorn Slough Technical Report Series
April 2002I summarizes past monitoring and makes recommendations for future programs. F 1 esf
.?l
Brown, Jennifer A. 2001F A review of marine zones in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary 1-137 Silver Spring, MDi U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Marine Sanctuaries Division marine zones, marine reserves, marine protected areas, regulations, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, central California, resource management, marine, fish& Marine Sanctuaries Conservation SeriesO This report reviews marine zoning in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS). The 72 zoned areas in the MBNMS are of 13 different zone types. Each marine zone type has associated regulations that restrict or promote specific activities. For example, recreational activities such as boating, fishing, tidepooling, snorkeling, and SCUBA diving are limited in some zones. Scientific research is allowed at all sites, with appropriate permits, and is specifically promoted in a few sites. In addition, motorized personal watercraft use, dredge material disposal, large vessel traffic, jade collection, and aircraft overflight are allowed only in specific zones. The effectiveness of the marine zoning in the MBNMS is difficult to determine for two reasons. Firstly, many of the zones lack a clearly stated purpose or have confusing regulations. Secondly, the majority of the zones have not been evaluated formally by the managing agencies. Of the zones that have been evaluated, such as Dredge Material Disposal zones, Big Creek MRPA Ecological Reserve, and Pt. Lobos State/Ecological Reserve, the majority appear to be achieving their mandated purpose to some extent.
Many of the zones in the MBNMS fall under the title "marine reserve." Marine reserves have recently received significant attention internationally, nationally, and in California due to their potential for: improving the status of exploited species; protecting marine habitats and ecosystems from degradation; facilitating scientific research and fisheries management; and increasing ecotourism. However, reserves must be well designed and managed to reach this potential. A well designed and managed reserve will have clearly defined goals, scientifically-based design, proper enforcement of regulations, rigorous evaluation of the reserve's effectiveness, and adaptive management. Based on these criteria, the majority of the marine reserves in California are not well designed or managed. However, the State of California has recognized this problem and is in the process of re-evaluating the California system of marine managed areas. F MSD-01-2 esf ?m Brown, J. A. 2003] An evaluation of the nursery role of estuaries for flatfish populations in central California 118 p. Biology
Santa Cruz$ University of California, Santa CruzO fish, estuary, Elkhorn Slough, benthic, ecology, management, juvenile, otoliths Ph.D. The purpose of this research was to determine if estuaries in central California are higher quality juvenile habitats than coastal sandy habitats and, thus, function as nurseries by contributing more individuals to the adult populations than an equivalent area of coastal habitat. I evaluated the nursery role of estuaries for two species of flatfish - the English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) and the speckled sanddab (Citharichthys stigmaeus).
I assessed relative habitat quality by comparing growth rates of juveniles in estuaries and coastal habitats using two methods: 1) a caging experiment in which juveniles of each species were held for 28 days in August 2000 Elkhorn Slough and Monterey Bay; and 2) a comparison of the width of daily increments in otoliths from juvenile speckled sanddab collected from estuaries and coastal areas in four regions in 1999 and 2000. Results from both the caging experiments and the comparisons of daily increments indicated that juvenile flatfish grow faster in estuaries. Thus, based on comparisons of growth rates, estuaries were determined to be the higher quality juvenile habitat.
I directly assessed the nursery role of estuaries by determining the proportion of the adult population that recruited from estuaries. The chemical composition of otoliths (Sr/Ca and Li/Ca) was used to differentiate between fish that had resided as juveniles in either estuaries or sandy coastal habitats. Classification models based on juveniles collected in both habita types were used to assign juvenile and adult fish to either the estuarine or coastal habitat group. Juveniles were assigned to the habitat type where they were captured with approximately 80% accuracy. The proportion of adult fish that were assigned to the estuarine habitat group was estimated to range between 45% and 57%. This is a much higher level of contribution than would be expected bsed on the relative area of estuarine and sandy coastal habitats in central California. These results indicate that estuarine habitats are an important source of new individuals for adult flatfish populations and conservation of estuaries may help maintain high levels of recruitment to harvested populations in central California. FA http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Brown_2003.pdf0 pdf on CD, also available from research computer esf ?n Brown, J.A. 2006v Classification of juvenile flatfishes to estuarine and coastal habitats based on the elemental composition of otoliths 594-611$ Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 66
The elemental composition of otoliths from juvenile English sole Pleuronectes vetulus and speckled sanddab Citharichthys stigmaeus living in estuaries and sandy coastal habitats were compared to determine if a chemical habitat tag existed that could be used to differentiate fish living in the alternative juvenile habitats. Juveniles of both species were collected from seven estuaries and 11 coastal sites along 500 kin of the central California coast. Collections occurred in three years: 1998, 1999 and 2000. The chemical composition of the otoliths was analyzed using solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The multi-elemental composition (Sr, Li, Ba, Mn) of otoliths from estuarine and coastal fish differed significantly for all models (global, region and years models) examined in this study. For each species, discriminant function analysis (DFA) for the global model, which pooled juveniles collected from three regions over multiple years, classified fish into estuarine and coastal groups with close to 80% accuracy. The two main elements in the discriminant models, Sr and Li, differed consistently between habitats; Sr was higher and Li was lower in estuarine fish. Classification success was modestly improved by generating separate discriminant functions for each region (regions model) because of some regional differences in Sr and Li concentrations. Classification success also was improved in some cases by generating separate discriminant functions for each year (years model) because Ba and Mn differed between habitats in only some years. Despite this variability in the concentration of elements in some regions and years, a chemical habitat tag was present in each species that could be used to discriminate coastal and estuarine juveniles over a large geographic area and over three years with very different oceanographic conditions (e.g., El Nino, La Nina). In addition, I found that English sole and speckled sanddab had striking similarities in their chemical habitat tags and that, in some cases, one species could be used as a proxy to classify juveniles of the other species without compromising the accuracy of the habitat tag. The ability to use a proxy classification model would significantly reduce the number of juvenile fish that would need to be collected and analyzed in order to classify members of an ecologically similar species. The chemical habitat tags found in this study appears to be promising tools for identifying fish that have lived in alternative juvenile habitats and, ultimately, the proportional contribution of estuarine and coastal habitats to the central California populations of English sole and speckled sanddab. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. pdf available at ESNERR E?o l Brown, J.A. 2006 Using the chemical composition of otoliths to evaluate the nursery role of estuaries for English sole Pleuronectes vetulus populations 269-281 Marine Ecology Progress Series 306 Juvenile English sole Pleuronectes vetulus were collected from estuaries and shallow, sandy, coastal habitats along the central California coast between 1996 and 2000, and adult English sole were collected from the Monterey Bay region in 2001 and 2002. The chemical composition of (1) whole juvenile otoliths and (2) the juvenile portion of adult otoliths was determined using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The concentration of Sr and Li in juvenile otoliths consistently differed between fish collected from estuarine and coastal habitats, Linear discriminant-function analysis (LDFA) based on the Sr and Li content of juvenile otoliths was used to assign juvenile and adult fish to either the estuarine or coastal habitat group. Juveniles were assigned to the habitat type where they were captured with an accuracy of 77% for the 'All Sites' model and 82% for the 'Monterey Bay' model. The proportion of adult fish that were assigned to the estuarine habitat group was estimated to range between 45 and 57% depending on the model used. This level of estuarine contribution to adult English sole populations is much higher than would be expected based on the relative area of estuarine and sandy coastal habitats in central California. These results indicate that estuarine habitats are an important source of recruits for adult flatfish populations, and that conservation of estuaries may help maintain high levels of recruitment to harvested populations in central California. pdf available at ESNERR ?p
Brown, Martha 1992( Agriculture and wetlands study initiated [1]-3 Cultivar 10 2U Agriculture, Environmental aspects, California, Elkhorn Slough, Wetland, conservation R not here>?q
Browning, Bruce M. 1972E The natural resources of Elkhorn Slough; their present and future use 1-121 Sacramento, CA& California Department of Fish and GameE Natural resources, California, Elkhorn Slough, Case studies, wetlands Coastal Wetland Series R #4 UCSC Science Stacks: QH87.3.B7 Y ?r j Buchanan, S.C. 1990W Habitat utilization by great blue herons (Ardea herodias) in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-76! Department of Biological Sciences San Jose, CA San Jose State University great blue heron, Ardea herodia, Elkhorn Slough; Vertebrates; Chordates, birds, rookery, behavior, abundance, distribution, foraging, ecology, estuary, terrestrial, marsh M.S. Thesis9 Observations of individual herons within Elkhorn Slough, California indicated differences in social interactions and foraging strategies within six sub-habitats. There are four primary foraging habitats. Two habitats are mainly used for loafing, preening, and social interactions. I hypothesize that these social interactions may involve a hierarchy which is carried into the foraging habitats and occur primarily to increase individual foraging success. Significant differences in foraging behavior within and between habitats existed for both 1986 abd 1987. Differences in foraging success and prey size were also significant. The observed foraging success reflects the primary use of each habitat. These results were consistent with the behavioral trends found in the habitats. The effects of weather and tide on foraging success were also assessed. Cloud cover significantly reduced foraging success, while wind and tidal conditions did not affect foraging success. Observations of a newly colonized rookery were made to determine numbers of nesting pairs and nesting success. B multiple copies (2) esf ?s
Bunte, L.S., Jr. 1957Z Report on operation of Nacimiento Dam for water year October 1, 1956 to September 30, 1957 1-28D Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District Zone 2 water flow, water conseration, evaporation, operation, releases, inflow, percolation, resource management, river, outflow, hydrology, human impact
Annual Report. This report discusses the following topics associated with the Nacimiento Dam: general conditions, evaporation, operation, releases, inflow, and percolation. The appendix contains the following:
outflow from low level conduit
rainfall
evaporation
USGS records
daily reservoir heights
outlet inspection W don't have copy of appendix esfo?t
Bunte, L.S., Jr. 1958Z Report on operation of Nacimiento Dam for water year October 1, 1957 to September 30, 1958D Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District Zone 2 water flow, water conseration, evaporation, operation, releases, inflow, percolation, resource management, river, outflow, hydrology, human impact
Annual Report This report discusses the following topics associated with the Nacimiento Dam: general conditions, evaporation, operation, releases, inflow, and percolation. The appendix contains the following:
outflow from low level conduit
summary of low level discharge
outflow from high level gates
discharge over spillway
total flow from dam
rainfall
evaporation
USGS records of the station below the dam and the station at Spreckles
visual observations
daily discharge from dam W don't have copy of appendix esf ?u
Bunte, L.S., Jr. 1959E Operation report for water year October 1, 1958 to September 30, 1959D Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District Zone 2 releases, evaporation, inflow, water conservation, salt water intrusion, hydrology, water quality, resource management, river, dam, human impact
Annual Reportn This report discusses: Nacimiento Dam operation, Salinas Valley Water Levels, and Salinas Valley Water quality W Do not have copies of appendices esf
?v
Bunte, L.S., Jr. 1960 Basic data and operation report 1-103 Salinas, CA= Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation DistrictW water quality, resource management, Monterey County, rainfall, ground water, monitoring
Annual Report Nacimiento Dam & Reservoir Operation:
Specific topic covered in this section: Condition of Dam and Appurtenances and Summary of Repairs, Releases, Evaporation, Inflow, Water Conservation Through Percolation
Ground Water Levels:
The rainfall in the winter of 1959-60 was below average for the second consecutive year. As a result, spring groundwater levels were lower than the preceeding year. However, the conservation releases from Nacimiento Reservoir arrested the falling water levels during the periods of summer releases resulting in an average water level in the fall of 0.3 feet higher than the level for 1958-59.
Specific topic covered in this section: Spring Measurements, August measurements, monthly measurements, fall measurements
Water Quality:
Samples of water from about 400 wells thoughout the Salinas Valley are collected each June, and analyzed for chloride content and total dissolved solids. This program is being expanded to cover all reas of the county where large quantities of water are obtained from wells. In addition, samples are provided to the State Department of Water Resources for complete mineral analysis. In general, the quality of water in the aquifers in the Salinas Valley is excellent for irrigation with the exception that areas of por water quality lie on the East Side of teh valley where East Side streams add water with very high mineral content to the ground water basin, and the area near the cost between Moss Landing and the Salinas River where ground water in teh 180 ft aquifer has been made completely unsuitable for domestic or irrigation use by sea water intrusion. Fortunately, another aquifer, the 400 ft aquifer, lies beneath the 180 ft aquifer and a satisfactory supply for the present can be obtained by drilling deeper wells and tapping the lower aquifer. However, one well in the 400 ft aquifer has already become intruded with sea water. This constitutes a hazard for the water supply of that area. For that reason quality samples were tested each two weeks during the summer of 1960. This program will be continued summer of 1961.
Specific topic covered in this section: Changes in water quality, august ground water troughs, bi-monthly measurements. W do not have a copy of appendices1 Water Year October 1, 1959, to September 30, 1960 esf ?w
Bunte, L.S., Jr. 1961 Basic data and operation report 1-115 Salinas, CA= Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation DistrictW water quality, resource management, Monterey County, rainfall, ground water, monitoring
Annual Report
Nacimiento Dam & Reservoir Operation:
The water year from 1960-61 was one of below average rainfall and stream runoff. The inflow to the reservoir was only about one-fifth of normal, and the lowest since the resevoir's construction. The principle releases of water from the resevoir for conservation occurred during a period of one and a half months during summer of 1961.
Specific topic covered in this section: Condition of Dam and Appurtenances, Releases, Evaporation, Inflow, Summary of Inflow Computation, Water Conservation Releases
Ground Water Levels:
Due to subnormal rainfall and lack of stored water in Nacimiento Reservoir for percolation, the ground water levels in the Salinas Valley dropped in 1960-61. Although the rainfall for the water years of both 1958-59 and 1959-60 was also below normal, the water released from Nacimiento Reservoir prevented any great drop in the levels during these two years, the average drop in the Salinas Valley of the fall measurements for 1958-59 and 1959-60 being only 0.7 feet, while in 1960-61 the average water levels dropped about 5.5 feet.
Specific topic covered in this section: Spring Measurements, August measurements, monthly measurements, fall measurements
Water Quality:
In July, water samples are collected and analyzed for chlorides and total dissolved solids from wells in 7 areas. In addition, water samples from a smaller representative group of wells are provided to the State Department of Water Resources for complete mineral analysis. In general, the quality of water in the aquifers in the Salinas Valley is Class I or Class II irrigation water. However, there are some areas which have water of greater mineral content, either due to return of irrigation water which has leached through soil which contains a high concentration of salts, or areas which receive water from the highly alkaline East Side hills. In some areas, such as the east side of the Salinas Valley just below San Lorenzo Creek, a definite water quality problem exists. The water quality of wells in the Prunedale area and the Carmel Valley is generally Class I, according to State standards, while the water in the Seaside-Marina area and the Springfield area is Class III in certain segments and Class II in others. The average quality of groundwater in the Corral de Tierra area would be considered Class II irrigation water and some Class I, the highest classification.
Specific topic covered in this section: Changes in water quality, august troughs, bi-monthly quality sampling program, sea water intrusion, water quality in reclamation district #1665 - Main Ditch.
Also includes:
Rainfall & Runoff
applied water studies
operation summary W do not have a copy of appendices1 Water Year October 1, 1960, to September 30, 1961 esf
Z?x
Bunte, L.S., Jr. 1962 Basic data and operation report 1-146 Salinas, CA= Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation DistrictW water quality, resource management, Monterey County, rainfall, ground water, monitoring
Annual Report Nacimiento Dam & Reservoir Operation:
The water year from 1961-62 was one of above average stream runoff, the inflow to the reservoir being approximately 256,000 acre feet as compared to the average of 190,000 acre feet. The releases of water from the resevoir for conservation occurred during a period of six months, April to Sept, 1962. These releases were continued on into the water year 1962-63.
Specific topic covered in this section: Condition of Dam and Appurtenances, Releases, Evaporation, Inflow, Summary of Inflow Computation, Water Conservation
Ground Water Levels:
Although the rainfall in the Salinas Valley was only 105% of normal, the sum of the natural and released percolation in the Salinas River was 217% of normal. This resulted in an average increase in gound water storage in the underground aquifers, with the greatests rise in water levels in the wells nearest the river, while wells more distant from the river had not yet received the full benefits of this high percolation rate, due to time it takes for the water to travel through the aquifer. Groundwater replenishment in the Carmel River was greater than the use for the water year, resulting in an increase in water levels, while all other areas outside the Salinas and Carmel Valley measured by the District suffered decrease in water levels in wells. The groundwater levels in Corral de Tierra area dropped more severly than did the levels in the other areas.
Specific topic covered in this section: Spring Measurements, August measurements, monthly measurements, fall measurements
Water Quality:
In July, water samples are collected and analyzed for chlorides and total dissolved solids from wells in 7 areas. In addition, water samples from a smaller representative group of wells are provided to the State Department of Water Resources for complete mineral analysis. In general, the quality of water in the aquifers in the Salinas Valley is Class I or Class II irrigation water. However, there are some areas which have water of greater mineral content, either due to return of irrigation water which has leached through soil which contains a high concentration of salts, or areas which receive water from the highly alkaline East Side hills. Along the east side of the Salinas Valley south of San Lorenzo Creek, a definite water quality problem exists. The water quality of wells in the Prunedale area and the Carmel Valley is generally Class I, according to State standards, while the water in the Seaside-Marina area and the Springfield area is Class III in certain segments and Class II in others. The average quality of groundwater in the Corral de Tierra area is Class II irrigation water, with some Class I, the highest classification. The water quality in the Lockwood area is Class I.
Specific topic covered in this section: Changes in water quality, august troughs, bi-monthly quality sampling program, sea water intrusion, water quality in reclamation district #1665 - Main Ditch.
Also includes:
Rainfall record
applied water studies
operation summary W do not have a copy of appendices1 Water Year October 1, 1961, to September 30, 1962 esf ?y
Bunte, L.S., Jr. 1963 Basic data and operation report 1-140 Salinas, CA= Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation DistrictW water quality, resource management, Monterey County, rainfall, ground water, monitoring
Annual Reporto
Nacimiento Dam & Reservoir Operation:
The water year from October 1, 1962, to September 30, 1963 was one of above average rainfall and stream runoff. The inflow of water into Nacimiento Reservoir was approximately 254,000 acre feet, compared to the estimated average annual inflow of 190,000 acre feet. The rainfall at the Dam totaled 18.78 inches and the net evaporation was 23.79 inches.
Specific topic covered in this section: Maintenance of Dam and Appurtenances, Releases, Evaporation, Inflow, Summary of Inflow Computation, Water Conservation
Ground Water Levels:
Although the rainfall in the Salinas Valley was only 129% of normal, the percolation of the natural stream flow and releases from Nacimiento Reservoir in the Salinas River was 236% of normal. This resulted in an overall increases in gound water storage. In the fall of 1963 the wells furthest from the Salinas River in the East Side area and in the Pressure area near the coast had the greatest rise in water levels from the previous year. These wells respond to percolation in the Salinas River about a year later than wells near the river due to the time it takes for the water to travel through the aquifers. All the areas elsewhere in Monterey County where groundwater was monitored by the District had increases in water levels. The greatest increase was in the Lockwook area while Carmel Valley had the least rise in water levels.
Specific topic covered in this section: Spring Measurements, August measurements, monthly measurements, fall measurements
Water Quality:
In July, water samples are collected and analyzed for chlorides and total dissolved solids from wells in 7 areas. In addition, water samples from a smaller representative group of wells are provided to the State Department of Water Resources for complete mineral analysis. In general, the quality of water in the aquifers in the Salinas Valley is Class I or Class II irrigation water. However, there are some areas which have water of greater mineral content, either due to return of irrigation water which has leached through soil which contains a high concentration of salts, or areas which receive water from the highly alkaline East Side hills. Along the east side of the Salinas Valley south of San Lorenzo Creek, a definite water quality problem exists.
Specific topic covered in this section: Qualitative classification of irrigation waters, changes in water quality, august troughs, bi-monthly quality sampling program, sea water intrusion, water quality in reclamation district #1665 - Main Ditch.
Also includes:
Rainfall and Runoff summary
agroclimatic studies
applied water studies
summary of applied water data W do not have a copy of appendices1 Water Year October 1, 1962, to September 30, 1963 esf
:?z
Bunte, L.S., Jr. 1965 Basic data and operation report 1-158 Salinas, CA= Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation DistrictW water quality, resource management, Monterey County, rainfall, ground water, monitoring Annual Reports Nacimiento Dam & Reservoir Operation:
The water year from October 1, 1964, to September 30, 1965 was one of about average rainfall and stream runoff. The inflow of water into Nacimiento Reservoir was approximately 195,000 acre feet, compared to the estimated average annual inflow of 190,000 acre feet. The rainfall at the Dam totaled 12.62 inches and the net evaporation was 28.58 inches.
Specific topic covered in this section: Maintenance of Dam and Appurtenances, Releases, Evaporation, Inflow, Water Conservation, Rainfall and Runoff
Ground Water Levels:
As a result of this above normal percolation there was an overall increases in gound water storage in the Salinas Valley. In the fall of 1965 all areas in the Salinas Valley had a moderate rise in water levels, the greatest rises occurring in the Pressure areas. All other areas in Monterey County where groundwater was monitored by the District had increases in water levels, with the exception of Lockwook where a slight drop was observed.
Specific topic covered in this section: Spring Measurements, August measurements, monthly measurements, fall measurements
Water Quality:
In July, water samples are collected and analyzed for chlorides and total dissolved solids from wells in 7 areas. In addition, water samples from a smaller representative group of wells are provided to the State Department of Water Resources for complete mineral analysis. In general, the quality of water in the aquifers in the Salinas Valley is Class I or Class II irrigation water. However, there are some areas which have water of greater mineral content, either due to return of irrigation water which has leached through soil which contains a high concentration of salts, or areas which receive water from the highly alkaline East Side hills. Along the east side of the Salinas Valley south of San Lorenzo Creek, a definite water quality problem exists.
Specific topic covered in this section: Qualitative classification of irrigation waters, changes in water quality, august troughs, monthly quality sampling program, sea water intrusion, water quality in reclamation district #1665 - Main Ditch.
Also includes:
Rainfall summary
agroclimatic studies
applied water studies
summary of applied water data W do not have a copy of appendices1 Water Year October 1, 1964, to September 30, 1965 esf ?{
Bunte, L.S., Jr. 1966 Basic data and operation report 1-152 Salinas, CA= Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation DistrictW water quality, resource management, Monterey County, rainfall, ground water, monitoring
Annual Report3
Nacimiento & San Antonio Dam Reservoir Operation:
The water year from October 1, 1965, to September 30, 1966 was one of below average rainfall and stream runoff. The inflow of water into Nacimiento Reservoir was approximately 155,000 acre feet, compared to the estimated average annual inflow of 190,000 acre feet. The rainfall at Nacimiento Dam totaled 13.53 inches and the net evaporation was 37.80 inches. Records began for San Antonio Reservoir on December 27, 1965. Between Dec 27, 1965 and Oct 1, 1966, San Antonio Reservoir increased in storage about 17,000 acre feet.
Specific topic covered in this section: Maintenance of Dam and Appurtenances, Releases, Evaporation, Inflow, Summary of Inflow computations, Water Conservation, Rainfall and Runoff
Ground Water Levels:
due to conservation releases from Nacimiento Dam there was above average percolation and a slight increase in gound water storage in the Salinas Valley. In the fall of 1966 all areas in the Salinas Valley had small increases in water levels with the exception of the Upper Valley area where a slight drop was observed. In other areas in Monterey County where groundwater was monitored by the District there were relatively moderate changes. The Pajaro-Springfield area had the greatest drop in water levels while the greatest rise occurred in the Marina area.
Specific topic covered in this section: Well Numbering System, Spring Measurements, August measurements, monthly measurements, fall measurements
Water Quality:
In July, water samples are collected and analyzed for chlorides and total dissolved solids from wells in 7 areas. In addition, water samples from a smaller representative group of wells are provided to the State Department of Water Resources for complete mineral analysis. In general, the quality of water in the aquifers in the Salinas Valley is Class I or Class II irrigation water. However, there are some areas which have water of greater mineral content, either due to return of irrigation water which has leached through soil which contains a high concentration of salts, or areas which receive water from the highly alkaline East Side hills. Along the east side of the Salinas Valley south of San Lorenzo Creek, a definite water quality problem exists.
Specific topic covered in this section: Qualitative classification of irrigation waters, changes in water quality, august troughs, monthly quality sampling program, sea water intrusion, water quality in reclamation district #1665 - Main Ditch.
Also includes:
Rainfall summary
agroclimatic studies
applied water studies
summary of applied water data W do not have a copy of appendices1 Water Year October 1, 1965, to September 30, 1966 esf
?|
Bunte, L.S., Jr. 1967 Basic data and operation report 1-170 Salinas, CA= Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation DistrictW water quality, resource management, Monterey County, rainfall, ground water, monitoring Annual Reports] Nacimiento Dam & Reservoir Operation:
The water year from October 1, 1964, to September 30, 1965 was one of above average rainfall and stream runoff. The inflow of water into Nacimiento Reservoir was 432,354 acre feet, compared to the estimated average annual inflow of 190,000 acre feet. The rainfall at Nacimiento totaled 26.15 inches and the net evaporation was 38.59 inches.
Specific topic covered in this section: Maintenance of Dams and Appurtenances (Nacimiento Dam, San Antonio Dam), Releases, Evaporation, Inflow, Water Conservation, Flood Control, Rainfall and Runoff
Ground Water Levels:
Due to greater than normal winter and spring runoff and the conservation releases from Nacimiento and San Antonio Dams there was above average percolation and a significant increase in ground water storage in teh Salinas Valley. In the fall of 1967 all areas in the Salinas Valley had increases in water levels with the greatest increase observed in the East Side area. In other areas in Monterey County where groundwater was monitored by the District there were moderate rises. The Pajaro-Springfield area had the greatest rise in water levels.
Specific topic covered in this section: Well numbering system, August measurements, monthly measurements, fall measurements
Water Quality:
In July, water samples are collected and analyzed for chlorides and total dissolved solids from wells in 7 areas. In addition, water samples from a smaller representative group of wells are provided to the State Department of Water Resources for complete mineral analysis. In general, the quality of water in the aquifers in the Salinas Valley is Class I or Class II irrigation water. However, there are some areas which have water of greater mineral content, either due to return of irrigation water which has leached through soil which contains a high concentration of salts, or areas which receive water from the highly alkaline East Side hills. Along the east side of the Salinas Valley south of San Lorenzo Creek, a definite water quality problem exists.
Specific topic covered in this section: Qualitative classification of irrigation waters, changes in water quality, august troughs, monthly quality sampling program, sea water intrusion, water quality in reclamation district #1665 - Main Ditch.
Also includes:
Rainfall summary
agroclimatic studies
applied water studies
summary of applied water data W do not have a copy of appendices1 Water Year October 1, 1966, to September 30, 1967 esf ?}
Bunte, L.S., Jr. 1970N Report on ground water conditions: Pajaro Valley, Monterey-Santa Cruz Counties 1-28 Salinas, CA= Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation Districts monitoring, ground water, hydrology, precipitation, runoff, water quality, sea water intrusion, resource management Reporta This report encompasses the formative stages of a monitoring program, the initial data collection phase, and is a presentation of the information collected thus far.
The purpose of this study is to monitor changes in ground water levels and water quality in the Pajaro Basin. Such a study is useful in determining present water usage and future water needs. Development of this area has resulted in a growing demand on its ground water resources. Continued or increased pumping from wells could cause the water levels to be lowered, resulting in a net loss in ground water storage or increased pumping costs. W esf ?~
Bunte, L.S. Jr. 1975Z Ground water and climatology: Water levels, water quality, climatic studies, applied water 1-78 Salinas, CA= Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District Monterey County, annual streamflow, percolation, ground water storage, wells, aquifers, water quality, salinity, pollution, sea water intrusion, agroclimatic studies, applied water studies, monitoring
Annual Report This report covers Monterey County. It provides data and discusses the following topics: annual streamflow, percolation, ground water storage, wells, aquifers, water quality, salinity, pollution, sea water intrusion, agroclimatic studies, applied water studies, W0 Water Year October 1, 1974 to September 30, 1975 esf H ? < Burton, R.K.
Gifford-Gonzalez, D.
Snodgrass, J.J.
Koch, P.L. 2002{ Isotopic tracking of prehistoric pinniped foraging and distribution along the central California coast: preliminary results 4-11) International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 12` stable isotopes; distribution; pinnipeds; Callorhinus; California; bone collagen;
zooarchaeology Zooarchaeological data from Monterey Bay and the adjacent central California coast corroborate
earlier observations from northern California and Oregon that Callorhinus ursinus (northern fur
seal) was a much more common component in prehistoric marine mammal prey than its present
pelagic distribution and foraging habits would predict. C. ursinus remains from mid-Holocene
Monterey Bay occurrences are predominantly from female individuals, associated with an inshore
piscifauna, and lack associated artifactual evidence for deep water exploitation. Taken together
with evidence from Oregon, this suggests that mid-Holocene C. ursinus populations had different
foraging, resting, and, arguably, reproductive behaviours than historically reported. Currently
debated is whether the contrast between prehistoric and present patterns of pinniped species
representation results from: 1) late Holocene prehistoric resource depression by aboriginal
hunters, 2) depredations of the early historic fur trade, or 3) non-anthropogenic climatic or
oceanographic change. The issue has thus far been addressed with presence or absence data
on pinniped species and age/sex classes in dated contexts. While these are fundamental data,
they cannot shed light on the nature of foraging behaviour of the species in question, a key
dimension of the problem. This paper reports a pilot study utilizing stable isotope analysis aimed
to elucidate prehistoric pinniped foraging patterns, specifically that of C. ursinus. Elements from
six archaeological sites in Monterey and Santa Cruz counties were analysed for stable isotope
compositions of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen and compared to a latitudinally ordered
modern dataset. Results for archaeological C. ursinus strongly suggest that prehistoric animals
habitually foraged at lower latitudes than characterize the species today, supporting earlier
claims of their year-round residency south of Alaska. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pdf available at ESNERR
? Burton, R.K.
Koch, P.L. 1999[ Isotopic tracking of foraging and long-distance migration in northeastern Pacific pinnipeds 578-585 Oecologia 119/ Pinnipeds, Foraging, Migration, Stable isotopes Abstract We investigated the impact of foraging location (nearshore vs offshore) and foraging latitude (high vs middle) on the carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope compositions of bone collagen of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus), harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Nearshore-foraging harbor seals from California had δ13C values 2.0‰ higher than female northern elephant seals foraging offshore at similar latitudes. Likewise, nearshore-foraging harbor seals from Alaska had values 1.7‰ higher than male northern fur seals, which forage offshore at high latitudes. Middle-latitude pinnipeds foraging in either the nearshore or offshore were 13C enriched by approximately 1.0‰ over similar populations from high latitudes. Male northern elephant seals migrate between middle and high latitudes, but they had δ13C values similar to high-latitude, nearshore foragers. Female northern fur seal δ13C values were intermediate between those of high- and middle-latitude offshore foragers, reflecting their migration between high- and middle-latitude waters. The δ13C values of California sea lions were intermediate between nearshore- and offshore-foraging pinnipeds at middle latitudes, yet there was no observational support for the suggestion that they use offshore food webs. We suggest that their “intermediate” values reflect migration between highly productive and less-productive, nearshore ecosystems on the Pacific coasts of California and Mexico. The relative uniformity among all of these pinnipeds in δ15N values, which are strongly sensitive to trophic level, reveals that the carbon isotope patterns result from differences in the δ13C of organic carbon at the base of the food web, rather than differences in trophic structure, among these regions. Finally, the magnitude and direction of the observed nearshore-offshore and high-to middle-latitude differences in δ13C values suggest that these gradients may chiefly reflect differences in rates and magnitudes of phytoplankton production as well as the δ13C value of inorganic carbon available for photosynthesis, rather than the input of 13C-enriched macroalgal carbon to nearshore food webs. pdf available at ESNERR
m? V Burton, R.K.
Snodgrass, J.J.
Gifford-Gonzalez, D.
Guilderson, T.
Brown, T.
Koch, P.L. 2001e Holocene changes in the ecology of northern fur seals: insights from stable isotopes and archaeofauna 107-115 Oecologia 128K Holocene · Callorhinus ursinus · Stable isotopes · Breeding · Migration The remains of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) are among the most abundant of pinniped elements recovered from mainland coastal archaeological sites in both California and Oregon. This is surprising as all contemporary northern fur seals breed exclusively on offshore islands, primarily at high latitudes, and the species is otherwise pelagic. The vulnerability of these animals to human predation suggests that either humans were foraging much further offshore than has been presumed or alternatively that the ecology of these animals has shifted during the late Holocene. We used isotopic and archaeofaunal analysis of the remains of pinnipeds from the middle to late Holocene of central and northern California to clarify the breeding and foraging behavior, and migration patterns of these ancient animals. The carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of ancient northern fur seals reveal that these animals fed as far offshore as they do today, and that they remained at middle latitudes throughout the year. From an archaeological site at Moss Landing, California, we identified 16 skeletal elements from at least 12 very small northern fur seal pups. From another site near Mendocino, California, we identified the remains of at least 6 pups. We estimate the size and age of 5 of the young animals using sex-specific regressions of body length on the short dentary length derived from measurements of modern specimens. Our estimates indicate these ancient pups were substantially smaller, and therefore younger, than modern 3-monthold northern fur seal pups from similar latitudes and their nitrogen isotope compositions suggest they had not been
weaned. As present-day northern fur seals do not leave their rookeries until they are at least 4 months old, we consider it highly unlikely that these ancient pups swam to these mainland locations from some distant island rookery. While there are numerous nearshore rocky outcrops along the Mendocino Coast, which may have supported small breeding colonies, the Moss Landing site is centered on a 40-km-long sandy beach, and is more than 120 km from what at the time were the nearest offshore islands. We conclude that northern fur seal adult females,
subadults, and pups whose remains were recovered at the Moss Landing archaeological site must have been taken at a mainland rookery. Evidence that northern fur seals once bred on the mainland at this central California location suggests that the abundant remains of these animals at numerous other archaeological sites along the California coast also reflect the presence of nearby mainland rookeries. Based on the relative abundance of their remains in ancient human occupation sites and the widespread distribution of sites where their remains have been found, it appears that northern fur seals were once the predominant pinniped throughout a region where they now only rarely occur. Furthermore, their presence along the central and northern California coasts appears to have once severely limited the distribution of other pinnipeds, which are now common to the region. pdf available at ESNERRA ? Buske, S.E. 1992 The influence by predators Cancer antennarius and Pisaster ochraceus on the distribution of the marine snail Tegula funebralis in two distinct habitats of the Monterey Bay 1-90 Department of Biology
Santa Cruz$ University of California, Santa Cruz Cancer antennarius, Pisaster ochraceus, Tegula funebralis, Monterey Bay, predator-prey relationships, invertebrates, intertidal, marine, Wilder Ranch State Park, ecology
Senior Thesis This thesis investigates the predator-prey relationship between Tegula funebralis, the black turban snail, and its major predators Pisaster ochraceus and Cancer antennarius, the common sea-star and rock crab respectively. Growth measurements were routinely obtained and recorded in the field to observe the influence of biological and physical factors in each habitat on the marine snail T. funebralis. However, predation appeared to be the primary factor affecting the growth and population distribution of the marine snail. Research revealed that the shell size of the snail is instrumental in the predator's feeding behavior: the smaller sized snails were easily preyed upon by both the sea star and the rock crab. Conversely, the larger snails served as prey for only the se-star. Research also demonstrated that in the absence of Pisaster, growth parameters of the snail were greatly enhanced. I esf ? Byers, JE 1999n The distribution of an introduced mollusc and its role in the long-term demise of a native confamilial species 339-352 Biological Invasions 1 4H Batillaria, exotic, invasion, invertebrate, Elkhorn Slough, aquaculture, Batillaria, coexistence, competitive exclusion, conservation, Cerithidea, Crassostrea gigas, displacement, exploitative competition, grazers, impact, introduced species, invasions, non-indigenous species, snail, mollusk, intertidal, ecology, invertebrates The estuarine mud snail, Batillaria attramentaria, was transported to the Pacific coast of North America with the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (C. gigas), imported from Japan in the early part of this century, and has proliferated in several bays where the oyster was introduced. Since the arrival of Batillaria there have been declines in populations of its native ecological equivalent, Cerithidea californica. This study documents the distribution of the exotic Batillaria throughout its entire introduced range, concentrating on the few bays in northern California where both snails exist sympatrically. Using dates of initial importation of C. gigas and dates of first documentation of Batillaria within a bay, I established the earliest possible date for the introduction of Batillaria in a particular area. In cases where Cerithidea also was, or had been, present within a bay, I calculated a range of time for either the continued coexistence of the two species or the time until local exclusion of the native. Density measurements of Cerithidea within these bays where the species co-occurred allowed comparison of present Cerithidea numbers to historical accounts. Results indicated that Batillaria is replacing Cerithidea in the northern marshes of California. This replacement of the northernmost Cerithidea populations is not only reducing Cerithidea’s overall range, but also eliminating a race recently shown to be a genetically distinct from southern Cerithidea populations. Other studies that have demonstrated superior exploitative competitive ability by Batillaria provide a potential mechanism for this displacement pattern. Regardless, the results presented here indicate that the displacement process is slow, taking on average >50 years to complete. This study illustrates a gradual, but predictable process of exotic replacement of native species, and argues strongly against complacency toward invaders that may currently seem innocuous. I pdf available at ESNERR esf ?
Byrd, K.B. 2005 Temporal and Spatial Linkages Between Watershed Land Use and Wetland Vegetation Response in the Elkhorn Slough Watershed, Monterey County, California 173- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management" University of California, Berkeley ? Byrd, K.B.
Kelly, N.M. 2006p Salt Marsh Vegetation Response to Edaphic and Topographic Changes from Upland Sedimentation in a Pacific Estuary 813-829 Wetlands 26 3 ? ( Byrd, K.B.
Kelly, N.M.
Merenlender, A.M. 2007h Temporal and Spatial Linkages Between Watershed Land Use and Salt Marsh Disturbance in a Pacific Estuary 98-112 Environmental Management 39I? ' Byrd, K. B.
Kelly, N. M.
Van Dyke E. V. 2004d Decadal changes in a Pacific estuary: A multi-source remote sensing approach for historical ecology 347-70 GIScience and Remote Sensing 41 4n Elkhorn Slough, arroyo willow, pickleweed, plant succession, sedimentation, aerial photography, wetland change In Pacific Coast salt marshes, only color and color IR aerial photography provide the spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution required to conduct long-term historical time series analysis of wetland change at the plant community level. We used historical aerial photographs with manual and automated image classification techniques to discern decadal-scale changes to salt marshes in Elkhorn Slough, California caused by off-farm sedimentation 1977-2001. Change detection identified a process of plant succession that led to arroyo willow encroachment into pickleweed marsh. Changes observed were considered within the context of additional land use changes over a greater regional and time scale. G paper pdf available at ESNERR have electronic (pdf) only ?
k Byrnes, P.E. 1990~ Abundance and taxonomic composition of infauna associated with three restored eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds in Elkhorn Slough 1-33 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Laboratories^ eelgrass, Zostera marina, wetlands restoration, benthic infauna, Elkhorn Slough, invertebrates Unpublished Student Report P esf ? Byrnes, P.E. 1997X Habitat Use, Behavior, and Morphology of Herons and Egrets in Elkhorn Slough, California 111 San Francisco State University Masters _?
F
Caffrey, J.M. 1996g Effect of land use practices on nutrient dynamics in subtidal estuarine sediments in Elkhorn Slough, CA Washington, D.C.' NOAA, Sanctuaries and Reserves Division Elkhorn Slough Final Report 1996 M not here Grant # NA47OR0198 ? Caffrey, J. M. 2003G Production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism in U.S. estuaries 207-219' Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 81, estuary, monitoring, Elkhorn Slough, ecology W esf >; Caffrey, J. M. 2004< Factors controlling net ecosystem metabolism in US estuaries 90-101 Estuaries 27 1 Elkhorn Slough; Organic-carbon balance; San-francisco bay; Hudson river; Natural-waters; Mass-balance; Gas-exchange; Respiration; Oxygen; Eutrophication; Phosphorus
Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Feb
FebH High frequency dissolved oxygen data were analyzed to calculate primary production, respiration and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) from 42 sites within 22 National Estuarine Research Reserves (NERR), 1995-2000. NERR sites are characterized by a variety of dominant plant communities including phytoplankton, salt marsh, seagrass, macroalgae, freshwater macrophyte, and mangrove, and are representative of the coastal bioregions of the United States. As expected from the wide diversity of sites, metabolic rates were temporally and spatially variable with the highest production and respiration occurring during the summer in Southeastern estuaries. Sites within different regions exhibited consistent seasonal trends in production, respiration, and NEM. Temperature was the most important environmental factor explaining within-site variation in metabolic rates; nutrient concentrations were the second most important factor. All but three of the 42 sites were heterotrophic (respiration was greater than production) on an annual basis. Habitat adjacent to the monitoring site, estuarine area, and salinity explained 58% of the variation in NEM. Open water sites or sites adjacent to mangroves or in marsh creeks were heterotrophic, while sites in or adjacent to submerged aquatic vegetation (eelgrass or macroalgal beds) were either autotrophic or near balance. Estuarine area was also a significant factor explaining variabitity in NEM; larger systems were closer to balance than smaller systems that trended toward heterotrophy. Freshwater sites were more heterotrophic than saline sites. Nutrient loading explained 68% of the variation in NEM among some of the sites. When these estimates were compared to the literature, metabolic rates from the NERR sites were much larger, often two to five times greater than rates from other estuarine and coastal systems. One explanation is that these small, generally shallow sites located near shore may have greater allochthonous organic inputs as well as significant benthic primary production than the large, deeper systems represented by the literature. [References: 26] W pdf available at ESNERR Estuaries
815NL-0008 esf Reprint available from: Caffrey JM Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost Bioremediat 11000 Univ Pkwy Pensacola, FL 32514 USA Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost Bioremediat Pensacola, FL 32514 USA< Estuarine Res Federation, Po Box 368, Lawrence, Ks 66044 Usa2~? 7 Caffrey, J. M.
Bano, N.
Kalanetra, K.
Hollibaugh, J. T. 2007o Ammonia oxidation and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea from estuaries with differing histories of hypoxia 660-662 Isme Journal 1 pdf available at ESNERR WOS:000250894300009$ 10.1038/ismej.2007.79|ISSN 1751-7362 ? 5 Caffrey, J. M.
Brown, M.
Tyler, W. B.
Silberstein, M. 2002= Changes in a California estuary: A profile of Elkhorn Slough 280 pp. Moss Landing Elkhorn Slough Foundation Elkhorn Slough, invertebrates, birds, fish, mammals, estuary, monitoring, human impact, management, agriculture, pollution, archaeology, ecology, geology, restoration, hydrography] provides an overview of the natural history, management, land use, history, and other topics R not here esf |? E Caffrey, Jane M.
Chapin, Thomas P.
Jannasch, Hans W.
Haskins, John C. 2007 High nutrient pulses, tidal mixing and biological response in a small California estuary: Variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales 368-380# Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 71 3-4 Feb Elkhorn Slough is a small estuary in Central California, where nutrient inputs are dominated by runoff from agricultural row crops, a golf course, and residential development. We examined the variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales in Elkhorn Slough to compare forcing by physical and biological factors. Hourly data were collected using in situ nitrate analyzers and water quality data sondes, and two decades of monthly monitoring data were analyzed. Nutrient concentrations increased from the mid 1970s to 1990s as pastures and woodlands were converted to row crops and population increased in the watershed. Climatic variability was also a significant factor controlling interannual nutrient variability, with higher nutrient concentrations during wet than drought years. Elkhorn Slough has a Mediterranean climate with dry and rainy seasons. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were relatively low (10-70 mu mol L-1) during the dry season and high (20-160 mu mol L-1) during the rainy season. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations showed the inverse pattern, with higher concentrations during the dry season. Pulsed runoff events were a consistent feature controlling nitrate concentrations during the rainy season. Peak nitrate concentrations lagged runoff events by 1 to 6 days. Tidal exchange with Monterey Bay was also an important process controlling nutrient concentrations, particularly near the mouth of the Slough. Biological processes had the greatest effect on nitrate concentrations during the dry season and were less important during the rainy season. While primary production was enhanced by nutrient pulses, chlorophyll a concentrations were not. We believe that the generally weak biological response compared to the strong physical forcing in Elkhorn Slough occurred because the short residence time and tidal mixing rapidly diluted nutrient pulses. pdf available at ESNERR 0272-7714 BIOSIS:PREV200700186890 w? Caffrey, J. M.
DeVogelaere 1998 Elkhorn Slough bibliography 1-36 ABA Consultants Fourth Elkhorn Slough, bibliography bibliography October 1998 R esf ? 3 Caffrey, J. M.
Harrington, N.
Solem, I.
Ward, B. B. 2003 Biogeochemical processes in a small California estuary. 2. Nitrification activity, community structure and role in nitrogen budgets 27-40 Marine Ecology-Progress Series 248T Elkhorn Slough, freshwater, estuary, human impact, eutrophication, oxygen, nutrients Nitrification rates, bacterial abundance and productivity, and the diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were measured at 5 sites in Elkhorn Slough, a small estuary in central California, between 1997 and 1999. Of the sampling sites, 2 received high nutrient runoff from agricultural fields and other non-point sources, and 3 received runoff from grasslands and woodlands. The diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in terms of DNA sequences was investigated at 3 of the sites in August 1998. Both 16S and amoA sequences from sediment samples were more closely related to those of Nitrosomonas marina than to any other cultured nitrifier, but there was considerable diversity within the group, and site-specific patterns were not detected. Potential nitrification was seasonally and spatially variable, with the highest rates occurring at the head of Elkhorn Slough in late winter and fall. Bacterial productivity was highest during the summer and generally higher at a site adjacent to grasslands compared to the 2 agricultural sites. The variability in nitrification rates was not directly correlated with hydrographic and environmental variables. Physical factors may affect nitrification rates indirectly by controlling salinity and bottom-water oxygen concentrations. Potential nitrification rates were positively correlated with pore water NH4+ concentrations under well flushed conditions but were negligible in the presence of high NH4+ concentrations under poorly flushed conditions, due to low oxygen availability, hypersaline conditions or both. Sediment nitrogen budgets for 3 of the sites suggested that denitrification removed about 25 % of the mineralized nitrogen at the poorly flushed site, but 50 % or more at well flushed sites. Poorly flushed systems appear to be less efficient at removing high nitrogen inputs than well flushed systems because of the low rates of coupled nitrification-denitrification in the former, implying that physical factors such as the flushing regime or residence time can significantly affect nitrogen removal by denitrification. C pdf available at ESNERR esf
U? ( Caffrey, J. M.
Harrington, N.
Ward, Bess 2002 Biogeochemical processes in a small California estuary. 1. Benthic fluxes and pore water constituents reflect high nutrient freshwater inputs 39-53 Marine Ecology-Progress Series 233T Elkhorn Slough, freshwater, estuary, human impact, eutrophication, oxygen, nutrients Elkhorn Slough , a small estuary in central California, receives nutrient inputs from agricultural and other non-point source runoff. To evaluate the effect of nutrient loading on ecosystem processes, rates of sediment oxygen consumption, benthic nutrient fluxes, pore water ammonium (NH4+), dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) and sulfide (S2-) concentrations were measured at 5 sites several times each year between 1998 and 1999. Two sites near the head of the slough received direct runoff from agricultural fields, while the sites in the middle reaches and mouth receive direct runoff from grasslands and woodlands. Sites receiving agricultural runoff usually had high water column concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and chlorophyll a (50 micromolar and 30 micrograms l-1, respectively). High precipitation in the winter of 1998 caused low salinities in the slough at that time. In general, salinity and nutrient concentrations were inversely correlated. Sites receiving agricultural runoff had high pore water NH4+, DIP and dissolved S2- concentrations, particularly in the summer. Oxygen penetration into sediments was the greatest at the sites adjacent to grasslands and woodlands, and least at the sites receiving high nutrient runoff. Sediment oxygen consumption was 4 times greater at sites near agricultural fields than the site near the mouth, while NH4+flux out of sediments was between 4 and 20 times greater at agricultural sites than at non-agricultural sites. This study suggests that high nutrient runoff has primarily a local rather than estuary-wide effect on sediment biogeochemical processes in Elkhorn Slough, perhaps due to longer water residence time at the head of the slough compared to the mouth. C pdf available at ESNERR esf ?
7 Caffrey, J.M.
Jannasch, H.W.
Chapin, T.
Silberstein, M. 2003( In-Situ Nutrient Monitoring in Estuaries 32Q NOAA/UNH Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology ?
@ Caffrey, J.M
Shaw, S.
Silberstein, M.
De Vogelaere, A.
White, M. 1997J Water quality monitoring in Elkhorn Slough: A summary of results 1988-1996 1-10P Elkhorn Slough Foundation and Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Elkhorn Slough, monitoring, environmental quality, aquatic toxicology, pollution, nitrate, ammonium, dissolved inorganic phosphate, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, estuarine, coastal oceanography+ Elkhorn Slough Technical Report Series 1997W Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR) and the Elkhorn Slough Foundation (ESF) in cooperation with Monterey County Water Resources Agency (MCWRA) have been supporting a volunteer water monitoring program since 1988. Twenty four stations are sampled monthly for temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, nitrate, ammonium, and dissolved inorganic phosphate. This program represents a partnership among ESNERR, ESF, MCWRA, NOAA, CDFG, and highly dedicated volunteers.
Some trends we have observed from this data include:
1) a significant increase in nitrate concentration since the 1970s
2) extraordinarily high nitrate concentrations in the lower Salinas River which may be the highest recorded in scientific literature for a river or estuary
3) concentrations of ammonium that are an order of magnitude lower (or more) than nitrate
4) low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in some areas which have restricted circulation
5) opening of the Salinas River lagoon leads to rapid increases in salinity in the lower river even during the rainy season when river discharge is high MH http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Caffrey_etal_1997.pdf 1 esf?
\ Caffrey, J.M.
Shaw, S.
Silberstein, M.
De Vogelaere, A.
White, M.
Parker, K.
Thomasberg, K. 1997@ Central bay estuarine water quality monitoring program 1988-19972 Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Elkhorn Slough, monitoring, environmental quality, aquatic toxicology, pollution, nitrate, ammonium, dissolved inorganic phosphate, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, estuarine, coastal oceanography Unpublished Report M not here q? Cailliet, G. 1978 "Ruth Andresen correspondence" correspondence correspondence R esf w?
G. Cailliet
J. Oliver 1992, Most abundant fish species in Elkhorn Slough Elkhorn Slough, fish F ?
Cailliet, G.
Oliver, J. 1992/ Ecology of Elkhorn Slough: A weekend minicourse Moss Landing Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Elkhorn Slough
March 1992 G esf ? Cailliet, G. M. 1992[ Demography of the central California population of the leopard shark (Triakis-Semifasciata) 183-1934 Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43 1 Vertebrates, Chordates, Fishery Management, Age, Growth, Mortality, Maturity, Fecundity, USA, Elkhorn Slough, fish, sharks, elasmobranches, marine, estuary, ecology, population biologyI Demographic analyses can be quite useful for effectively managing elasmobranch fisheries. However, they require valid estimates of age-specific mortality and natality rates, in addition to information on the distribution, abundance, habits and reproduction of the population, to produce reliable estimates of population growth. Because such detailed ecological information is usually unavailable, complete demographic analyses have been completed for only four shark species: the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias; the soupfin shark, Galeorhinus australis; the lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris; and most recently the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus. In California, reliable estimates of age, growth, mortality, age at maturity, and fecundity are available only for the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata. A demographic analysis of this species yielded a net reproductive rate (R0) of 4-467, a generation time (G) of 22.35 years, and an estimate of the instantaneous population growth coefficient (r) of 0.067. If the mean fishing pressure over 10 years (F= 0.084) is included in the survivorship function, R0 and r are reduced considerably, especially if leopard sharks first enter the fishery at early ages. A size limit of 120 cm TL (estimated age 13 years), especially for female sharks, is tentatively proposed for the leopard shark fishery. F Aust J Mar Freshwater Res Volume 43 not at UCSC D? Cailliet, G.M. 1997G What do we really know about marine biodiversity in central California?" California and the World Ocean '97
San Diego, CA? Cailliet, G.M. 1998G What do we really know about marine biodiversity in central California? 1394-1409k California and the World Ocean '97. Taking a Look at California's Ocean Resource: An Agenda for the FutureA Orville T. Magoon
Hugh Converse
Brian Baird
Melissa Miller-Henson
Reston, VA# American Society of Civil Engineers biodiversity,Elkhorn Slough, taxonomy,Monterey Bay, central California, review, marine, intertidal, estuarine, subtidal, benthic, pelagic, ecology, fish, invertebrates, algae March 24-27, 1997 This is a brief overview of what is known about marine biodiversity in the central California coastal region. The term biodiversity has become very popular, but detailed knowledge is often lacking, especially in the ocean. Although much information on the flora and fauna of this coast exists in the form of books, guides and scientific literature, some habitats are still poorly understood. Marine ecosystems can be divided into: 1) well know, 2) moderately know, and 3) poorly known systems. These catagories in general follow a gradient from shallow, coastal habitats to deeper, offshore areas. Marine biologists have an idea which factors are associated with high or low biodiversity, and those that act as threats to it. However, basic information on which species occupy specific habitats, especially those in deeper water, is often lacking. To better understand marine biodiversity, we need to develop and deploy non-destructive survey techniques, increase training of taxonomists, increase support for museums, produce more comprehensive taxonomic aids, and undertake more intensive and long-term surveys of marine ecosystems. Cooperative efforts among state and federal reserves, refuges, preserves, and sanctuaries, specifically the Gulf of the Farallones, Cordell Bank, Monterey Bay and Channel Island National Marine Sanctuaries, can result in major advances in our understanding and preservation of marine biodiversity. R esf ? ; Cailliet, G.M
Antrim, B.
Ambrose, D.
Pace, S.
Stevenson, M. 1977p Species composition, abundance and ecological studies of fishes, larval fishes and zooplankton in Elkhorn Slough 216-386~ Ecologic and Hydrographic Studies of Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing Harbor, and Nearshore Coastal Waters, July 1974 to June 1976& Nybakken, J.
Cailliet, G.
Broenkow, W. Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesF fish, fish larvae, zooplankton, Elkhorn Slough; Vertebrates; Chordates F not here $want abstractǦ? ' Cailliet, G.M.
Antrim, B.S.
Ambrose, D. 1979G Trophic spectrum analysis of fishes in Elkhorn Slough and nearby waters 118-128% Gutshop '78: Fish Food Habits Studies Lipovsky, S.
Simenstad, C. Seattle, WA Washington Sea Grant Publication fish, Elkhorn Slough, Marine ecosystems, food webs, USA, California, Inland Waters, predator-prey relationships, Vertebrates, Chordates, ecology, invertebrates, diet, marine, estuary In 1974, a quantitative data base of distribution and abundance information on benthic invertebrates, fishes and zooplankton inhabiting Elkhorn Slough, California was begun. Since the habits and various aspects of life histories of benthic invertebrates were studied in some detail and the feeding habits of the more common fishes in the slough and nearby water were analyzed, it was possible to investigate ecological interactions among fish species and their prey and to assess their importance in structuring the communities in this ecosystem. The accumulation of this large data base stimulated several questions that could now at least be qualitatively approached. Darnell's trophic spectrum analysis technique was modified so that it could be applied to the assemblages of fishes in Elkhorn Slough and nearby waters. The main objective of this paper is to present this ecosystem-level technique as modified, and to demonstrate the kinds of information that can be gathered from such an analysis. F> Proceedings of the second Pacific Northwest Technical Workshop >?
) Cailliet, G.M.
Hayden, W.
Silberstein, M. 1990m Differential utilization of estuarine habitat by Atherinid fishes in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 1-24Z Marine and Estuarine Management Division, National Oceanic and Atmostpheric Administration Elkhorn Slough, estuarine, fish, smelt, Atherinid, Atherinopsis californiensis, Atherinops affinis, pelagic, spawning, juvenile habitat, ecology, distribution, abundance, habitat utilization, population ecology Final Report 4/13/90/ Topsmelt, and to a lesser extent, jacksmelt, are a major component of the fish fauna of Elkhorn Slough. Their predominance in our gill net samples indicates that they are more abundant than previously recognized. Topsmelt and jacksmelt did not demonstrate statistically significant trends in distribution patterns among the sampling sites and subhabitats we surveyed. However, there is an indication that they are both more abundant in the waters to the west of the tidal prism and closer to the ocean. More information is needed about the spawner/ recruit relationship of silversides in Elkhorn Slough. Current information indicates that the larvae may not remain in Elkhorn Slough waters very long, which may be a factor in more offshore pattern of adult distribution and abundance patterns. The limited by collaborating size frequency and age determination data indicate that topsmelt are relatively short-lived species, which may have high population turnover rate. Both topsmelt and jacksmelt occurred in abundance over a long period of time in the ESNERR marsh restoration site, especially the South Marsh. These species appear to use slough waters for feeding and spawning. The feeding habits studies indicate that a major trophic role is played by these fast swimming, schooling fishes in the Elkhorn Slough ecosystem. F esf ? Cairns, J., Jr. 1986M Restoration, reclamation and regeneration of degraded or destroyed ecosystems 465-484 Conservation Biology Soule, M.E. Sinaur Publishing ecosystem restoration M ? | Cairns, J., Jr. 1987I Disturbed ecosystems as opportunities for research in restoration ecology 307-320 Restoration Ecology$ Jordan, W.R.
Gilpin, M.E.
Aber, J.D. Cambridge University Press? ecosystem restoration, restoration ecology, habitat restoration M ?
California 2001, California plant communities field data form California Native Plant Society California, plants Field report P esf` ?
q California Bureau of Sanitary Engineering,
California Regional Water Quality Control Board--Central Coast Region, 1952+ Survey of Moss Landing-Elkhorn Slough areas 1-26C Prepared for Central Coastal Regional Water Pollution Control BoardB Harbors, California, Moss Landing, Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County Report M not here$ ?
California Coastal Commission, 1977Y Preliminary staff report on the nomination of a Federal Estuarine Sanctuary in California California Coastal CommissionF Elkhorn Slough, Estuarine Sanctuary, conservation, resource management Preliminary Staff Report M not here ?
California Coastal Commission, 1981g Joint state regional staff report for North Monterey County segment local coastal program land use plan 1-117 California Coastal Commission land use, North Monterey County Staff Report May 28, 1981 M 2 copies esf ? ' California Department of Fish and Game, 1963u Ocean fishing map of San Francisco, San Mateo, and Santa Cruz Counties and the Elkhorn Slough Area of Monterey County$ map, fishing; Vertebrates; Chordates M not here ?
' California Department of Fish and Game, 1979E Pre-acquisition planning study for Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary 1-141& California Department of Fish and Game# Estuarine Sanctuary, Elkhorn Slough Draft Report M( ?
' California Department of Fish and Game, 1983~ Supplemental acquisition application: Narrative and plans for marsh restoration at Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary& California Department of Fish and Game9 wetlands restoration, Estuarine Sanctuary, Elkhorn Slough M ?
. California Department of Parks and Recreation, 19801 Coastal unit evaluation: Moss Landing State Beach Moss Landing State Beach Report M not here ?
& California Department of Public Works,z County of Monterey, Route 56, Section J. Log of test borings: Elkhorn Slough, Sheet I-5 Bridge 44-148. R/L 9/59 and 10/59.2 Division of Highways Bridge, Department District V Elkhorn Slough. M not here ?
& California Department of Public Works, 1946 Salinas basin investigation Division of Water Resources
Salinas basin Summary Report G
Bull. 52-B ?
( California Department of Transportation, 1980f Elkhorn Slough bridge replacement at Moss Landing: Highway One in Monterey County, post mile 96.2/96.8 1-28 CA" California Dept. of TransportationR Elkhorn Slough, bridge replacement, environmental impact assessement, Moss Landing1 Negative Declaration and Environmental Assessment M! UCSC Gov Pubs Cal Docs: T900.El43 =?
" California State Lands Commission, 1978. PG&E marine terminal expansion at Moss Landing! California State Lands Commission` PG&E, marine terminal expansion, Moss Landing, Elkhorn Slough, topography, geology, seismicity, tides, currents, sediment transport, baseline characterization, water quality, intertidal habitats, sublittoral habitats, pelagic habitats, estuarine habitats, endangered species, refuges and reserves, land use, recreation, water use, terrestrial resources! Final Environmental Impact Report M Only have table of contents esf ? Canright, Anne 1999 Elkhorn Slough sea otters 32-37 California Coast & Ocean 15 1? Vertebrates; Chordates; Mammals; Enhydra lutris, Elkhorn Slough V not here ? Carlisle, A.B. 2006O Movements and Habitat Use of Femle Leopard Sharks in Elkhorn Slough, California 212 Masters San Jose State UniversityD http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Carlisle_2006.pdf ? / Carlisle, A; King, A; Cailliet, GM; Brennan JS 2007^ Long-term trends in catch composition from elasmobranch derbies in Elkhorn Slough, California. 25 - 45 Marine Fisheries Review 69 1-4 pdf available at ESNERR 25? 6 Carlisle, AB
Starr, RM 2009} Habitat use, residency, and seasonal distribution of female leopard sharks Triakis semifasciata in
Elkhorn Slough, California 15 Marine Ecology Progress Series 380 Acoustic monitoring, Active tracking, Triakidae, Residency, Site fidelity, Habitat use, Tide, Estuary, leopard shark, triakis semifasciata, movement, estuarine, tagged Journal Article
April 7, 2009 Bays and estuaries play important roles in the life history of leopard sharks Triakis semifasciata, yet these coastal environments are among those most impacted by human activity. To better understand habitat use, spatial associations, and ecological roles of leopard sharks in estuarine environments, movements of leopard sharks were studied in Elkhorn Slough, California, USA. A total of 21 female leopard sharks (78 to 140 cm total length) were tagged with acoustic transmitters and tracked from August 2003 to February 2005. Eight sharks were manually tracked for 20 to 71.5 h, and 13 sharks were monitored for 4 to 280 d using an array of acoustic receivers. Female leopard sharks exhibited a high degree of fidelity to Elkhorn Slough. The distribution of tagged sharks changed seasonally and was likely associated with changes in temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Sharks used the area that comprises Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR) extensively throughout the year, but especially during spring and summer. When sharks occupied ESNERR, their habitat use was tidally influenced, with sharks using low intertidal mudflats extensively when available. Sharks using the main channel tended to remain in subtidal habitats at all tidal
levels. These results suggest that efforts to protect important leopard shark habitats in bays and estuaries should focus on preserving and restoring intertidal mudflats F4 http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps_oa/m380p213.pdf PDF available at ESNERR 213-228 doi: 10.3354/meps07907 ? j Carlisle, A; Starr, RM 2009| Habitat use, residency, and seasonal distributin of female leopard sharks Triakis semifasciata in Elkhorn slough, California 15 Marine Ecology Progress Series 380 Journal Article
April 7, 2009 213-228 doi: 10.3354/meps07907FD?
Carlton, J.T. 1975# Introduced intertidal invertebratesH Light's Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates of the Central California Coast Smith, R.I.
Carlton, J.T. Berkeley, CA University of California Press.Q invertebrates, intertidal organisms, non-native species, invasive species, marine I not here ?
Cerchio, S.: Black-shouldered kites in Elkhorn Slough during the spring Vertebrates; Chordates; birds Unpublished Student Report B not here? R Chapin, T.
Caffrey, J. M.
Jannasch, H.W.
Coletti, L.J.
Haskins, J.C.
Johnson, K.S. 2004t Nitrate Sources and Sinks in Elkhorn Slough, California: Results from Long-term Continuous in situ Nitrate Analyzers 882-894 Estuaries 27 5 pdf available at ESNERR ? Cheiker, S. 19490 The zonation of the breakwater at Elkhorn Slough 112-211 Zoology 282 intertidal zonation, Elkhorn Slough, invertebrates I?
Chen, C. W. 1976? Effects of cooling water discharges at Moss Landing power plant
Lafayette, CA Tetra Tech, Inc.@ hydrology, coastal oceanography, estuarine, marine, Moss Landing Tetra Tech Contract 95 The study plan was prepared to facilitate the execution of a demonstration for an exemption from any more stringent requiments on the cooling system than presently exists. For that purpose the study plan will delineate the requirements and procedures necessary for an adequate appraisal of any prior harm that may have occurred as a result of plant operation. The study plan will also provide for an assessment of the benefit or lack thereof, which might accrue to the aquatic environment if numerical water quality objectives were to be met.
Information is included in the following areas:
1) Water quality standards
2) Record of plant shutdowns,
3) water quality related communications
4) species information
5) economic and recreational effects
6) engineering and hydrologic data
This study plan outlines procedures to collect, organize, and interpret data to assess any prior harm, and if possible, demonstrate the absence of prior appreciable harm resulting from previous thermal discharges. M
No. TC-613 esfM?
X Chen, Joyce 1993J MXR activity in coelomic, immature and fertilized oocytes of Urechis caupo 1-33 Monterey, CA Hopkins Marine Stationb Invertebrates, Echiura, fat innkeeper worm, Elkhorn Slough, cell biology, biochemistry, immunology Unpublished Student Report| The marine worm Urechis caupo exhibits a multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) similar to multidrug resistance (MDR) in mammalian tumor cells. Urechis oocytes from their developing stages in the coelomic fluid to at least the two day larval stage possess a membranous protein of 160 kD that is immunologically related to the mammalian MDR P-glycoprotein of 170 kD. However, activity of the 160 kd protein is absent in developing coelomic oocytes but is detected once the oocytes reach the storage organs as immature oocytes. Further studies are necessary to investigate the causes for the activity increase of the MXR protein at this stage. IF Hopkins: in journals section under "Stanford University Spring Course" esf?
Cheney, Michael H. 19767 Volume I: Summary and economic analysis of alternatives 1-26 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Harbor District= Harbors, California, Moss Landing, Planning, Economic aspects$ Moss Landing Harbor Development Plan M not here ?
j
Ciandro, S.G. 1994 The percent infection of larval trematodes in Batillaria attramentaria: At three sites in Elkhorn Slough and in three size classes 1-10 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories trematodes, larvae, Batilleria attramentaria, snail, Elkhorn Slough, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Invertebrates, parasites, ecology, intertidal, estuarine, mud flat, parasitology Unpublished Student Report? Batilleria attramentaria is found throughout California in bays and estuaries where it was introduced with the oyster industry. It is parasitized by larval trematodes. I studied if the amount of trematode infection would vary in 3 locations and 3 size classes using a 2-way non-parametric ANOVA. I found that the infection did not vary with the location but, did vary with the size class of the snail. This told me that the parasite population can move with the snail. One of the sites was considered a new site for Batilleria attramentaria because it was in an area of restored marsh. This area was opened from pasture land in 1983. I also found that of the infections seen, 92% were from Euhaplorchis californiensis. This species of trematode may either be dominant all year round or could only be dominant at this time of year. I multiple copies (2) esf ? X Clark, F.N. 1929K The life history of the California jack smelt, Antherinopsis californiensis 1-22
Fish Bulletin 16 California jacksmelt, Antherinopsis californiensis; Vertebrates; Chordates, fishery, life history, fishing gear, size, scales, rings, time of spawing, frequency of spawning, grwoth rate, aging, size-at-age, Monterey Bay area, ecology
Summary:
1) The smelt fishery of California is supplied by fishes from two families, the Osmeridae and the Antherinidae. The jack smelt, and Atherine fish, is the most important species in the smelt catch, and formed at least 56% of the total catch of the state during the years 1923-1927.
2) Jack smelt are caught by sport fishermen on hook and line, but almost all the commercial fishing is done by gill and round haul nets and beach seines.
3) The spawning season for Atherinopsis is from October-March.
4) Individual fish spawn more than once in a season, but no evidence of a periodicity in the time of spawning could be found. The data indicate that individuals could be found spawning at all times during the breeding season.
5) The scales were not satisfactory for use in the age determinations, since the first winter. After the first winter, the annuli resulted form the combined influence of winter and spawning.
6) Jack smelth attain an average of 11 or 12 cm, body length, at the end of the first year and 18 or 19 cm at the end of the second year. The largest speciment taken was 33.4 cm in length and eight or nine years old.
7) Jack smelts do not mature before reaching 14 dcm in length and an age of two years. Probably a few fish do not mature untl the end of the third year. F esfh ? Clark, L.R. 1972J Long period wave characteristics in Moss Landing Harbor and Elkhorn Slough 1-72 Department of Natural Science San Jose State Universityy waves, water movement, Moss Landing Harbor, Elkhorn Slough, tides, currents, coastal oceanography, estuarine oceanography M.A. Thesis Conclusions:
1) The tides at Moss Landing differed significantly from the predicted tides at Monterey. There was no apparent pattern for these observed difference, but is presumably due to many interacting factors.
2) Tidal current velocities were shown to depend on the rate of change in water level, H/T. From the relation between H/T and the observed currents, and knowing the channel cross-section, the area of Elkhorn Slough was calculated to be 1.5 km2 at high tide, which is in good agreement with estimates made by othe researchers.
3) The greatest current velocity one might expect at the entrance to Elkhorn Slough would occur during the December spring tides. These velocities would be about 72 cm/s or1.5 knots.
4) Maximum ebbing currents were shown to generally occur before the time of half-tide, and maximum flooding currents after half tide. This indicates that tides in Elkhorn Slough are not pure standing wave tides, but have progressive wave characteristics, probably due to friction in the channel.
5) The tidal currents reached slack water 0-70 min after the observed high or low tide. The difference in time between high and low water and slack water was shown to vary directly with the average maximum velocity, indicating stronger frictional effects on the faster currents.
6) Periodic increases and decreases of current velocities in the current records indicated seiches may be present in the harbor.
7) Maximum seiche currents calculated from the observed periods and wave heights varied from 4 cm/s at high water to 27 cm/s at low water. W esfR? j " Clark, P.
Nybakken, J.
Laurent, L. 1975A Aspects of the life history of Tresus nuttallii in Elkhorn Slough 215-227 California Fish and Game 61 4 Pelecypoda, Animals, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Spawning, Shell Length, Growth Curve, Ecology, populations ecology, Elkhorn Slough, estuarine, marine, benthic, burrowing, mark recaptureu A 2 yr study of the reproductive cycle and growth rate of the gaper clam, T. nuttallii, in Elkhorn Slough indicated that the primary spawning time is from Feb.-April, but some reproduction probably occurs during every month of the year. Based on remeasurement of individually marked clams, a growth curve for clams up to 55 mm (2.2 inches) in shell lengths was established. I esf U? j Clark, P.C. 1973A Aspects of the life history of Tresus nuttallii in Elkhorn Slough 1-46 Hayward$ California State University, Hayward Pelecypoda, Animals, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Spawning, Shell Length, Growth Curve, Ecology, populations ecology, Elkhorn Slough, estuarine, marine, benthic, burrowing, mark recapture M.A. Thesisu A 2 yr study of the reproductive cycle and growth rate of the gaper clam, T. nuttallii, in Elkhorn Slough indicated that the primary spawning time is from Feb.-April, but some reproduction probably occurs during every month of the year. Based on remeasurement of individually marked clams, a growth curve for clams up to 55 mm (2.2 inches) in shell lengths was established. I esf{? Cochran, Susan Allene 1999R Hyperspectral imaging techniques applied to ecosystem health in Elkhorn Slough, CA 1-91 Institute of Marine Sciences Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa CruzW Ecological assessment, California, Elkhorn Slough, Ecosystem management, Remote sensing M.S. Thesis M not here# UCSC Science Stacks: QH541.5.E8 C63 ?
Cogswell, H.L. 1949e An attempt at a quantitative analysis of the macrofauna of the upper layers of an intertidal mud flat 1-27" University of California, Berkeley invertebrates, macrofauna, mudflats, benthic communities, Elkhorn Slough, subtidal, intertidal, algae, estuarine, marine, ecology, distribution, abundance, natural history Unpublished Student Report Thirty relatively undisturbed 2-liter samples of the top 16 centimeters or so of the mud along a 120-yard transverse of an intertidal mud flat from low tide line to about +3.0' were examined quantitatively for macroscopic animals. Forty-three species were found, including 4 nemerteans, 20 polychaetes of 9 families, 4 Pelecypods, 3 decapods, and 7 amphipods. Most of the amphipods and one of the polychaetes were found in direct association with the surface covering of green algae. Other forms were primarily burrowers or used the burrows already made by other species. Numbers of animals varied from a total of 43/10L in the upper zone, at a tide level of 2.7' about 10 yards from a Salicornia covered bank, to 585/10L at tide level 1.8' some 48 yards from the bank, to an average of 105/10L at tide levels 1.2' and 0.2' at 83 and 117 yards respectively, from the bank. A few natural history observations on certain of the animals found are included, together with a list of the 28 kinds of vertebrates recorded by me on the area or in similar parts of the slough nearby. A few species were apparently limited to the lower and a few to the upper portion of the mud flats; but in general, the whole area studied may be characterized as a Phoronopsis viridis - Macoma nasuta association. Although the numbers of animals obtained were too small to be suitable for statistical interpretation, several interesting distributional factors are suggested - especially by a comparison of the populations of 10-liter samples from about midway in each of the 5 zones which were set up on the basis of differences in topography, algal covering, and sandiness of the substratum. The greater regularity of tidal exposure and flooding in the upper middle portion of the mud flats is propsed as a possible factor bringing about the greatest population density there. Factors suggested as operating in secondary ways are the minor topography, the texture of the substratum, the distribution of the algae and perhaps even the exposure to predation by both under water and above water predators. I esf X ?
" Cohen, D.B.
Bowers, G.W.
Ali, S.M. 1982 Toxaphene 1-126E Toxic Substances Control Program, State Water Resources Control Board Toxaphene, water quality, toxic substances, toxins, aquatic toxicology, pollution, Monterey Bay, toxaphene properties, bioaccumulation effects, toxicity, fate, monitoring, animals Special Project Report This report and its nine companion volumes on agricultural chemicals summarize the major accomplishments over the past four years of 1) an in-depth pesticide risk assessment program, 2) pesticide registration evaluations, and 3) pesticide related special studies.
Toxaphene has been one of the most widely used insecticides in the U.S. since its introduction into the marketplace in 1948. Despite this high use, it has been underreported in environmental surveys. This is due to 1) the presence of interferring compounds, and 2) relatively low sensitivity of detection. The interferring compounds include other chlorinated pesticides and PCB. The low sensitivity results from toxaphene being a multicomponent mixture of over 177 different compounds. By contrast, most chlorinated pesticides have one or a few components whose detection resonse is 10 to 100 times greater than toxaphene.
Reports of toxaphene detection in various parts of the world far from areas of use (e.g., Antarctica) have recently been published. EPA scientists have found toxaphene-like compounds to be more abundant than PCB in rainfall, lake water, and fish from the Great Lakes. Toxaphene, therefore, may be as significant a a global contaminant as DDT and PCB.
Optimum pest management requires a broad spectrum of available methods. Elimination of any option potentially reduces management effectiveness. After weighing all the evidence concerning toxaphene, however, several important facts stand out: 1) its extremely high toxicity to fish, particularly younger life stages; 2) the NCI and EPA determination that toxaphene is a know animal carcinogen and therefore a suspected human carcinogen; and 3) increased findings of toxaphene in California and in areas far from application sites. Because of these findings, every effortshould be made to mitigate further contamination of the environment by toxaphene both in California and worldwide. This report outlines actions that are recommended to accomplish this objective. M
No. 82-4SP esf ?
Cohen, D.B.
Bowes, G.W. 1984B Water quality and pesticides: A California risk assessment program 1-175E Toxic Substances Control Program, State Water Resources Control Board water quality, water pollution, pesticides, run-off, toxicology, California, contamination, management, sulfer, inert ingredients, petroleum oil, petroleum hydrocarbons, mercury, methyl bromide, D-D mixture, sodium chlorate, aromatic petroleum solvents, carbon disulfide Special Projects Report This report and its nine companion volumes on agricultural chemicals summarize the major accomplishments over the past four years of 1) an in-depth pesticide risk assessment program, 2) pesticide registration evaluations, and 3) pesticide related special studies.
This report summarizes the achievements during the first 4 years of a new program by the California SWRCB's Toxic Substances Control Program for the identification, control and prevention of water contamination by agricultural chemicals. The report and its nine companion volumes focus primarily on pesticides having the greatest potential for adverse impacts on the quality of California's ground and surface waters. A second major focus involves participation by SWRCB Toxics Program staff in the pesticide registration and evaluation precess of the California Department of Food and Agriculture (DFA).
This report:
1) describes the development of the priority pesticides program
2) highlights accomplishments and remaining issues for priority pesticides
3) discusses pesticide registration from the standpoint of water quality and SWRCB's role in providing policy and technical assessment
4) discusses several special pesticide/water quality studies that were dealt with separately from priority pesticide investigations
5) includes summaries and recommendations from each of the priority pesticide report, as well as discussions of other significant pesticide issues addressed by the program
6) gives an overview of water quality and pesticides M
No. 84-6SP esf}?
Colbert, D.
Moser, D. 1991d The effects of bird and fish predation on the abundance of micro-invertebrates in the Elkhorn Slough 1-22 Moss Landing Marine Laboratories invertebrates, birds, fish, predator-prey relationships, Elkhorn Slough, vertebrates, mudflats, estuarine, benthic, ecology, foraging, caging effects, experimental manipulations, Unpublished Student Report The effects of shallow-feeding shorebirds and benthic-feeding fish on the abundance of infauna on an Elkhorn Slough mudflat were investigated by differentially removing predators with exclusion cages. Cores taken within treatments revealed that oligochaetes were the dominant class. There was no significant difference in the mean number of invertebrates among the treatments, indicating that predation did not affect species abundance of micro-invertebrates within the study area. Control cages separated the effects of predation from the effects of caging. No detectable artifacts resulted from experimental manipulations using exclosures. No birds were observed on the mudflats while the cages were deployed. After cages were removed, birds were seen feeding, possibly indicating cage avoidance. Fish predation was not significant. Trends int he mean abundance of invertebrates among fish exposures suggest fish predation may have had a significant effect if the cages were deployed longer. I esf ?
U.S. Department of Commerce 19878 National Estuarine Reserve Research System Research Plan 1-51 Washington, D. C. U.S. Department of Commerce Elkhorn Slough
research plan
March 1987 M not here esf ? Connor, Judith L.
Deans, Nora L. 1993? David Packard and Julie Packard: Monterey Bay profiles in depth 74-79 Oceanus 36 2^ profile, Monterey Bay Aquarium, MBARI, conservation, education, habitat, discovery, technology This article describes the live of David and Julie Packard, the history of the Monterey Bay Aquarium and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, technology developed by these organizations, the education, conservation and research goals of these institutuion. R esfv?
Connors, E. 1996g Have degraded salt marshes become suitable intertidal feeding grounds for shorebirds in Elkhorn Slough? 1-22 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Elkhorn Slough, birds, foraging, shorebird distribution, estuarine, intertidal, marsh, ecology, habitat comparisons, sediment types Unpublished Student Report Degraded saltmarsh habitat has been transformed into mudflats in the northern portion of Elkhorn Slough, a shallow tidal embayment and seasonal estuary located on the central coast of California. Shorebird densities were compared between older mudflats and more recently formed mudflats. A significantly greater denstiy of shorebirds was found in more recently formed mudflats. This could be due to abundant Enteromorpha and Ulva cover, a unique biological component of these mudflats which may be responsible for a potentially greater invertebrate population than in the older bare mudflats. Additionally, the older mudflats have greater exposure to onshore winds, cooling the substrate at a more rapid rate, and resulting in less accessible prey. Larger sediment grain size may also affect feeding success, resulting in differences in shorebird utilization of the two mudflat types. An extended field study encompassing all seasons may shed more light on the abiotic and biotic factors affecting shorebird distribution. B esf ? Connors, S. 2003L Shorebird distribution in a changing environment: patterns at Elkhorn Slough 95 p. Marine Sciences Moss Landing San Jose State University/ Elkhorn Slough, birds, marine, wetland, estuary Master of Science From spring 1989 through spring 2000, shorebird use of mudflat regions in Elkhorn Slough's wetlands was evaluated, including seasonal and spatial abundance patterns, high vs. low tide use of muted tidal regions, influence of physical parameters, and changes in distribution on Elkhorn Slough's main channel since the 1970s. In general, at low tide, sandpipers were most abundant in the upper slough; sediment grain size was finer there than any other region. Most larger shorebird species were distributed throughout fully tidal regions. Sandpiper abundance was greater in muted tidal regions at high tide than low tide. In the 1990s, density of large shorebird species was greater in the lower section of Elkhorn Slough, relative to other slough sections, where erosion of the upper intertidal was greatest. This may be a result of reduced mudflat area since the 1970s. Persistence of this important migratory stopover is important to maintain sustainable population levels. B 2 copies esf?
Sarah Connors 2008= Shorebird Use of Muted Tidal Wetlands
in a California Estuary 12
Western Birds 39 At Elkhorn Slough, an estuary on Monterey Bay, California, the
number of shorebirds using muted tidal wetlands at high and low tide differs significantly.
At all seasons, small sandpipers are significantly more abundant in muted tidal
wetlands at high tide. In contrast, numbers of the Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus
mexicanus) and American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) do not differ significantly
by tide except in winter, when they are more abundant at high tide. Manipulation
of water level by adjustment of tide-gate settings enhances the suitability of muted
tidal wetlands for many species. These areas provide an additional habitat dimension
within the slough, enabling shorebirds to feed and roost at high tide when fully tidal
mudflats are unavailable. B 153-165 ? j Cooper, J.W. 1979q Ecological aspects of Tubularia crocea (Agassiz, 1862) and its nudibranch predators in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-107 Hayward$ California State University, Hayward Tubularia crocea; hydroids; nudibranchs; predator-prey relationships; Elkhorn Slough; Cnidaria; Hydrozoa; Mollusca; Opisthobranchia; Gastropoda; Invertebrata; M.A. Thesis I $want abstract esf ?
Cotter, P.J, Strnad, L. 19957 Data Evaluation Report for The Elkhorn Slough Watershed 905 California Coastal Commission Monterey Bay Initiative October 31, 1995
The Commission's staff has compiled historical water, sediment and tissue monitoring data collected from the mid-1070s to the present for the Elkhorn Slough watershed. A database was developed for the collected information. No data on biological communities or groundwater quality are included in the database. Analysis of data sets, such as the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve water quality monitoring program (De Vogelaere et al 1995), the State Department of Health's coliform bacteria monitoring program (Bradley 1994), sediment monitoring programs sponsored by the U.S. Army corps of Engineers (1978, 1993) and Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) (1990, 1992), and tissue sampling programs sponsored by the State Mussel Watch Program (SMWP) (State Water Resources Control Board, 1988, 1990b, 1994b) and the Toxic Substances Monitoring Program (TSMP) (State Water Resources Control Board, 1990c, 1991, 1992a, 1993d), provided important information on environmental conditions in the watershed. After evaluating the analysis of historical data sources, the Coastal Commission staff identified nitrate, coliform bacteria, heavy metals, pesticides, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and other organic chemicals as contaminants of concern for the Elkhorn Slough watershed. In general, the southern portion of the Elkhorn Slough watershed (southern Moss landing Harbor, the Old Salinas River, and the lower Salinas River drainage area) showed the highest levels of contaminants. These contaminants include: nitrates in water samples, pesticides and heavy metals in sediments, and pesticides in tissue samples. recommendation for report formatting are provided to assist in standardizing data reports. Detailed reports with complete information will allow environmental data to be collated into a database for continued use. Data evaluated in this report were used to develop a recommended monitoring framework for the Elkhorn slough watershed (Cotter and Strnad, 1995). The Coastal commission expects the data collection, compilation and evaluation process to continue as the Central Coast Destrict gathers additional historical data and as other monitoring or research projects produce data for the Elkhorn Slough watershed. However, the Coastal Commision does not intend to be a data repository for the Elkhorn Slough watershed. It is possible that monitoring data will be maintained by the agency or agencies conducting field sampling and laboratory analyses. Any additional monitoring information pertaining to the Elkhorn Slough watershed, either hard copy reports or digital files, shoud be sent to the Coastal Commission's Central Coast District Office in Santa Cruz. Once a suitable repository is identified, data and reports will be transferred to the data management location. b ? % Crampton, Todd Alan 1994J Long term effects of Moss Landing Harbor on the wetlands of Elkhorn Slough 1-81 Department of Earth Sciences Santa Cruz, CA$ University of California, Santa Cruz Wetlands, California, Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing Harbor, Coastal ecology, coastal geology, sediment, scour, erosion, currents, marine, estuarine, saltmarsh M.S. Thesis The construction of Moss Landing Harbor and its entrance channel in 1946 at the mouth of Elkhorn Slough initiated ongoing erosion of the slough's wetland habitats. The pre-harbor slough was a shallow, tidally restricted lagoon with mild tidal currents and extensive saltmarshes. Excavation and maintenance of the harbor opening transformed the slough into an estuarine tidal embayment with vigorous tidal currents, initiating channel and saltmarsh erosion. Field investigation and historical data analysis indicates that present day rates of channel scour and bank recession are higher than average post-harbor rates of channel scour and bank recession in many areas of the slough, and that the marshplain flanking the northwest edge of the upper slough has been lowered by surface scouring.
Scouring by tidal currents caused 5.8 m of vertical channel degradation at the mouth of Elkhorn Slough from 1946-1993, declining to 2.2 m approximately 2.6 km and 1 m approximately 4.3 km upstream. Channel depth at the slough mouth has not increased since 1988, but channel degradation is ongoing at the upstream sites: the thalweg at 2.6 km deepened 0.4 m from 1988-1993, while at 4.3 km the thalweg deepend 0.6 m, from 1986-1993. Accelerated rates of channel scour at these locations, particularity at 4.3 km, suggest tht maintenance dredging of the harbor entrance channel is inducing headward erosion. Channel depths at locations yet further upstream have not increased since 1988.
Approximately 0.42 x 106m3 of material was eroded from the subtidal Elkhorn Slough channel from 1988-1993, 80% of which was derived from between the mouth and 4.3 km. I estimate that 1.61 x 106m3 of material was eroded from the slough's subtidal channel from 1946-1993.
Saltmarshes have been retreating from the axis of the Elkhorn Slough at an average rate of 18 cm/yr since 1946. Present day rates of saltmarsh edge retreat average 39 cm/yr, and rates as high as 188 cm/yr were measured 4.8 km up the channel. In general, the northwest edge of the mid- to lower slough shows the greatest rates of saltmarsh bank recession. Saltmarsh banks in four of the slough's major tributaries are presently retreating at an average rate of 41 cm/yr.
Retreat of the saltmarsh edge occurs through undercutting and collapse. Tidal currents notch the marsh edge below the active root layer of the surface vegetation, leading to the collapse of root-bound blocks of soil. The average lateral increment of saltmarsh retreat measured was 50 cm. Other factors contributing to saltmarsh bank failure include crab burrowing, subsurface drainage, desiccation cracks, and small wind waves and boat wakes.
The deterioration of large areas of saltmarsh vegetation has led to widespread scouring of the marshplain surface. In the upper slough, the marshplain surface was lowered by as much as 23 cm from 1946-1993, due to surface scouring by tidal currents. The average rate of surface lowering in the upper slough is 3.9 mm/yr. M esf F?
A Creative Environment Conservation Inc.,
Crawford Multari & Starr, 1994, Moss Landing Harbor resource management plan 1-95 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Harbor District~ Moss Landing Harbor, resource management, marine, estuarine, floura, fauna, wetland, sediment, coastal habitat, Elkhorn Slough Draft Report This report provides a framework for developing the harbor master plan. It focuses on planning issues which were incompletely addressed in past plans. The most important of these concerns the environment. As a result, the report gives a detailed description of the natural resources under harbor jurisdiction so that substantive environmental problems can be defined and solved. The report culminates in a series of resource management recommendations with an implementation schedule for the responsible parties. These recommendations include the following topics: dredging, beach enrichment, canyon disposal, non-point source pollution, Salinas River bypass, soil erosion, wetland filters, wetland creation, Bennett Slough management alternatives, salamander habitat, resource land transfers, landscaping concepts, commercial fishing, public access, Potrero Road property, public education, shoreline protection, erosion and flood control, culteral resources, vessel maintenance, harbor master plan. M esf b?
Croll, D.A. 1980= Brown Pelican Roosting Behavior in Elkhorn Slough, California ?
Dames and Moore, 1974. Coastal processes study of Moss Landing Harbor 1-72 San Francisco, CA4 U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, San Francisco District. coastal processes, Moss Landing Harbor, sand transport, coastal geology, Moss Landing Harbor, marine, shallow subtidal, oceanography, waves, currently, sediment transport
Survey Report This report concerns 1) scour on the northeast bank of the south spit along the Moss Landing harbor entrance channel, and; 2) accretion of sand has accumulated on the west side of the entrance to the north harbor greatly impeding navigation. It is the purpose of this report to identify the principal cause(s) of both problems and to recommend solutions to alleviate the situation.
The recommendations presented in the Problem Solution section of this report should be utilized to alleviate the two problems affeting the harbor:
1) remove the entire sand shoal in the north harbor and stabilize the shoreline to prevent sand drift from entering the north harbor entrance.
2) raise the crest elevation of the jetty extensions and tie them into the land to limit wave overtopping and sand runoff. W 0086-32. esf ?
Dames and Moore, 1989; Route 1 improvement study: Castroville to Santa Cruz County 1-4 Highway 1 M not here ?
J Davis, C.
Cassiman, B.
Lieske, M.
Williams, M.
Hoeffler, G.
Isham, E. 1968@ Succession in the Old Salinas River Channel and the Pajaro River 1-7 Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Salinas River, Pajaro River, succession, ecology, microorganisms, chlorobactriacea, Thiorhodacea, Athiorhodacea, blue-green algae, sediments, estuarine, benthic Unpublished Student ReportG In this study of ecological succession we set out with the idea of comparing the orderly process of community change in two estuarine areas. The two sites selected for study were: 1) the Old Salinas River channel, and; 2) the Pajaro River mouth. In terms of succession, our project showed that complete recolonization of the area occured rapidly and without respect to substrate. Sand was found to support the growth of sulfur bacteria with at least equal facility over the short time period investigated. These microorganisms live a highly interdependent life in terms of competition for nutrients and effects of extra cellular products. Many of these organisms actually provide the nutrients for other types to survive. It would be interesting to see if the substrate has a long term effect in maintaining this balance found in nature. W esf ? Davis, J.
Baldridge, A. 1980
The Bird Year 224 pp. Pacific Grove, CA
Boxwood Press- birds, Elkhorn Slough; Vertebrates; Chordates B not here ? De Vogelaere, A. 1991 Elkhorn Slough bibliography 1-26 ABA Consultants NOAA bibliography bibliography October 1991 R esf W? De Vogelaere, A.
Holte, J. 1995 Elkhorn Slough bibliography 1-33 ABA Consultants NOAA Third bibliography bibliography July 1995 R esf ?
4 De Vogelaere, A.
Holte, J
Silberstein, M.
Jacobi, M. 19986 A species list for Elkhorn Slough and adjacent uplands 1-252 Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve invertebrates, Elkhorn Slough R sp; De Vogelaere, A. P. 1993: An overview of the Elkhorn Slough Reserve Research Program 128A American Zoologist 33 5r Conservation, Estuarine ecology, Marine ecology, Erosion, Estuarine, Fishery Resources, Invertebrates, Vertebrates Rh Annual Meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, Los Angeles, California, USA, December 26-30, 1993' pdf (only abstract) available at ESNERR Only an abstract ? Dean, E. W. 2003A Tidal scour in Elkhorn Slough, California: A Bathymetric Analysis 125 p. Earth System Science and Policy Marina* California State University, Monterey BayA Elkhorn Slough, bathymetry, tidal scour, marine, estuary, erosion Undergraduate CapstoneY This report summarizes the history of tidal scour in Elkhorn Slough and it causal factors W@ http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Dean_2003.pdf pdf on research computer esf?
Dellanina, E. 1979B An analysis of marine sediment for total DDT/PCB's in Monterey Bay 1-23 San Francisco, CA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Region IX} sediments, Monterey Bay, DDT, PCB, fish, Thorny Heads, Sebastolubus sp, Sable Fish. aquatic toxicology, pollution, monitoring Reportv Conclusions:
1) the average level of total DDT in marine sediment in the Monterey Basin has decreased since 1970-1973. This reduction appears to be three to six fold.
2) PCB's were found in the sediment of four of the 31 stations sampled. The highest level was 190 ppb and it was found in a disused military explosive dump site.
3) The levels of total DDT found in the marine sediment during this study were generally low. The highest reading was 17 ppb. Thus no direct correlation was found between the high total DDT found in Thorny Heads (Sebastolubus spp) and Sable Fish by FDA during the summer of 1979 and the levels of total DDT found in the marine sediment during this study.
4) Sampling of Thorny Heads and Sable Fish by FDA harvested in the Monterey Basin Area should continue in order to insure that fish containing overtolerance amounts of total DDT do not reach the public. G esf ?
. DeMars, E.W.
Lamb, R.
Farrel, B.
Hitchcock, M. 1980- North County wastewater management facilities 1-33# Monterey County Planning Departmentc wastewater management, Monterey County, septic system, pollution, coastal water, aquatic toxicology Draft Background Report The issues addressed in this report include:
a) Possible pollution to coastal waters from point source discharges from major industrial facilities, from wastewater treatment plants, and from non-point discharges including septic tanks, farming operations, urban run-off needs to be investigated and as far as possible, resolved.
b) Water reclamation opportunities for disposal of sewage effluent on land (rather than through sewage outfalls to the ocean) need to be studied.
c) Proposed construction programs of the Castroville, Moss Landing, and Pajaro Service Districts, County Service Area Number 66, and the North Monterey County Wastewater Facilities Plan, should be reviewed for adequacy or excess planned capacity in serving existing and potential residential development. The impact of sewer availability on future growth and increased demand for public services should also be analyzed. M esf ?
9 DeMars, E.W.
Lamb, R.
Farrel, B.
King, J.M.
Hitchcock, M. 1980@ North County diking, dredging, filling, and shoreline structures 1-20# Monterey County Planning Departmentp Elkhorn Slough, diking, dredging, filling, land alteration, subtidal, intertidal, estuarine, wetland, management Draft Background Report Diking, dredging, and filling activities play a valuable protective and constructive role along the North County coast. However, unnecessary or ill-planned activities of this nature can seriously alter the natural environment and adversely impact important biological habitats, drainage patterns, and the scenic character of coastal, river, and estuarine shorelines. Therefore, it is the County's objective to preserve and protect the coastal estuaries and wetlands in as natural a state as possible and carry out the requirements of the Coastal Act. To this end, this report recommends:
1) avoid further alterations of natural shoreline processes including, drainage, erosion, water circulation, and sand transport.
2) dredging and spoils disposal should be planned and carried out to aviod significant disruption to marine, estuarine and wetland habitats, and the patterns and volume of water circulation.
3) Diking, dredging, or filling in Elkhorn Slough, Bennett/Struve Slough, McClusky Slough, Moro Cojo Slough, and Parson's Slough should maintain or enhance the biological productivity of the wetland or estuary. Any alteration of the coastal estuaries and wetlands in North County should be limited to restorative measures and minor facilities associated with access, research, education, and aquaculture.
4) Any site disrupted by diking, dredging, or filling activities should be fully restored to its original condition whenever possible. The initial restoration work should be undertaken immediately following project complettion.
5) If diking, dredging, or filling alternatives exist for a project, the least environmentally damaging alternative should be selected whenever possible. M esf?
Demmon, C. 1992e Coalition urges halt to use of pesticides: Fumigant used on berry fields said to threaten ozone layer 1C-2C The Monterey County Herald Monterey, CA_ Monterey Bay area, pesticide, methyl bromide, pollution, agriculture, strawberries, ozone layer
June 16, 1992 summary of the press conference held by the Central Coast Pesticide Coalition and reaction from farmers including the Strawberry Advisory Board M not here esf n?
Department of Water Resources, 1986 Crop water use in California 1-116( The Resource Agency, State of Californiav water use, agriculture, plants, crops, terrestrial, agricultural fields, hydrology, irrigation, California, management BulletinN This report presents data and estimates of crop evapotranspiration (ET) and applied (irrigation) water rates. This information, when combined with data on the acreage of specific crop production, provides knowledge of the location, nature, and amount of water use throughout the State. In addition to reporting data acquired since the previous edition of this bulletin (113-3), this report attempts to 1) describe the nature of irrigation practices commonly followed in California, and 2) discuss the factors influencing those practices. Its purpose is to promote a better understanding of agricultural water use among those who have only a passing knowledge of the subject but who are interested in current agricultural water supply issues.
Specifically, this report presents summaries of data collected from 1973-1983, discusses factors that influence applied water rates, presents estimates of county average crop unit applied water, and provides instructions for installing agricultural water meters, establishing agroclimatic stations, and operating 1-gallon evaporimeters, and other information. M 113-4 esf d ?
G Dickert, T.
Nybakken, J.
Cailliet, G.
Foster, M.
Morejohn, G.
Page, G. 1980v Wetlands management in coastal zone planning: A prototype framework for relating natural science and land-use planning California Sea Grant7 land use, resource management, wetlands, Elkhorn Slough* College Program Biennial Report, 1978-1980 M not here? Dickert, T. G.
Olshansky, R. B. 1986M Evaluating erosion susceptibility for land-use planning in coastal watersheds 309-333 Coastal Zone Management Journal 13 3-4 California, Elkhorn Slough, coastal zone management, Monterey County, erosion control, watersheds, wetlands, Marine, Brackish, land use, land management, conservation, land disturbance index, topography, sedimentation This paper reports on research conducted in support of a coastal zone management effort to reduce erosion and sedimentation impacts in a wetland watershed, Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Co., CA. The research reviews methods of determining soil erosion susceptibility and relating it to land-use intensity within the watershed, measured by a land disturbance index. Erosion susceptibility is measured in three ways: by a combination of slope and the erosion factor of the Universal Soil Loss Equation; by field measurement of erosion and deposition on selected sites; and by computer-assisted terrain analysis of data from secondary sources. Land use is shown to be a more important factor than landform in influencing relative erosion susceptibility. M esf9?
Dickert, T. G.
Tuttle, A. E. 1980e Elkhorn Slough watershed: Linking the cumulative impacts of watershed development to coastal wetlands 1-473 Berkeley, CAE Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California watershed, wetlands, land use, resource management, development impacts, hydrology, sedimentation, salinity, precipitation, run-off, erosion, Elkhorn Slough Final Report 10/31/80x This report presents the results of a two year study on the effects of land use change on the hydrologic processes in the 70 square mile watershed of Elkhorn Slough. The primary focus of this work has been to develop a planning system which will accomodate future development in such a way that the health and productivity of the Slough ecosystem will be maintained.
The investigation has shown that development activities, especially agriculture, on the erosive soils in the watershed area a major cause of deleterious sedimentation occurring on the Slough wetlands. This can be reduced by conscientious attention to a planning system which reduces development disturbance and allocates development to less erodible sites.
The Elkhorn Slough watershed has served as a prototype for developing a model planning system which addresses the problem of the cumulative impact of upland land use on estuarine systems. THe methods developed here are important in that they can be applied to other coastal wetland watersheds. Further research will test the transferability of these methods using sites on the Northern and Southern California coasts. M esf? Dickert, T. G.
Tuttle, A. E. 1985[ Cumulative impact assessment in environmental planning: A coastal wetland watershed example 37-64& Environmental Impact Assessment Review 5 Environmental impact analysis, California, Elkhorn Slough, Watershed, Environmental conditions, coastal zone management, planning, environmental impact, wetlands, marine, Brackish, Freshwater, land use, conservationN Several theoretical, analytical, and institutional difficulties have impeded the development and application of the assessment of cumulative environmental impacts. Watershed development on coastal wetlands offers an ideal context for evaluating the land disturbance target approach to cumulative impact assessment. A model land use planning system involving a time series approach was developed for Elkhorn Slough in California. The approach included four major components: evaluation of erosion susceptibility, measurement of land disturbance, establishment of a land disturbance target, and a comparison of existing and target land disturbance values. Further research is needed to test the transferability of the approach in a wide range of coastal watersheds and to verify the applicability of the methods to other cumulative impact problems. M multiple copies (2) esf S ? j Dierks, A.J. 1990[ Parental care and diet of California gull (Larus californicus) chicks at Alviso, California 1-63 Moss Landing Marine Laboratories San Jose State University California gull, Larus californicus, Vertebrates, Chordates, birds, San Francisco Bay, estuarine, nesting, reproduction, foraging, ecology M.S. Thesisw From May to July 1987 and 1988, I examined the diet of chicks and aspects of parental care at a colony of California Gulls nesting on levees in a south San Francisco Bay salt pond, near Alviso, California. Overall chick diet by volume, as determined by regurgitation samples, was 40% garbage, 15% midges, 15% brine shrimp, 13% fishes, and 10% brine flies. Young chicks (<11 days) were fed more brine flies than older chicks. Similarity between morning and evening diets was only 50%, with garbage, fishes, and polychaetes found more commonly in the morning and brine shrimp and insects in the evening. Parental attendance was equal to or greater than that of conspecifics at other colonies. Males were present significantly more than females (65 vs 48% of the time). Attendance in June was significantly greater than in July (1.3 vs 1.0 parents/nest). Foraging trips averaged 53 minutes. B esf ?
' Dietz, S. A.
Hildebrandt, W.
Jones, T. 1988r Archaeological investigations at Elkhorn Slough: CA-MNT-229. A middle period site on the central California coast 1-475 Berkeley, CA) Northern California Anthropological Groupw Indians of North America, California, antiquities, archaeology, Elkhorn Slough, excavations, environmental archaeology,
March 1988 H, 3 papers in Northern California Anthropology2 UCSC Science Maps: E78.C15D54
Library Use Only
esf?
Dodd, T. 1984m An analysis of recolonization of two restoration areas by infaunal intertidal invertebrates in Elkhorn Slough 1-25 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories wetlands restoration, infaunal invertebrates, Elkhorn Slough, polychaetes, amphipods, copepods, bivalves, gastropods, benthic, estuarine, ecology, conservation, management Unpublished Student Report This paper addresses the recolonization process currently underway in the two intertidal Elkhorn Slough restoration areas. What was considered was the recolonization of these areas by infaunal benthic invertebrates. The data gathered in the Salt Ponds area the first ever collected in this restoration area, where as those gathered in the ESNES Area represent one sampling in a series of samples taken at roughly 2 to 3 month intervals over time since restoration commenced there. Purposes of this study included:
1) To evaluate methods of monitoring the recolonization process
2) to evaluate recolonization of these intertidal estuarine areas by infaunal organisms.
3) to investigate environmental parameters that may have some affect on any observed differences.
Conclusions:
Recolonization of restoration areas can be monitored by assessments of the intertidal infauna communities, but this is very tedious. This study concludes that recolonization in each of the two restoration areas is progressing. This is indicated by absolute densities as well as by indicator species. Several future studies are called for. Besides the obviously needed processing of the additional replicates at stations IV, V, VI, and VII, future possibilities include:
1) imploving the samping methods, with the goal of finding an adequate core or a standardized depth aimed at obtaining reduces amounts of mud. This will allow a much more thorough monitoring of progress and is an essential beginning.
2) establishing parallel controls and following the progress of recolonization over time in both an established and a developing community.
3) processing the sediment cores taken at the various sites and continuing to monitor sedimentation and its effect on recolonization. I esf?
Dondero, S. 1984T Preliminary report on archaeological testing, CA-MNT-229, Elkhorn Slough, California 1-150I California Department of Transportation, Office of Environmental Analysis archaeology, Elkhorn Slough Preliminary Report H
have 2 copies esf ?
Downing, J.
Fairey, R.
Roberts, C.
Landrau, E.
Clark, R.
Hunt, J.
Anderson, B.
Phillips, B.
Wilson, C.J.
LaCaro, F.
Kapahi, G.
Worcester, K.
Stephenson, M.
Puckett, M. 1998P Chemical and biological measures of sediment quality in the central coast region. California State Water Resources Control Board' Chemical; biological; sediment quality= Final Report for the Bay Protection and Toxic Cleanup Program C not here D? Duffy, Allison 2000a The Prioritization of maritime chaparral patches for conservation in the Elkhorn Slough watershed# Department of Environmental Studies Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruzt Elkhorn Slough, land management, plants, landscapes, maritime chaparral, ecology, management, land use, conservation
Senior Thesis Maritime chaparral in the Elkhorn Slough watershed is threatened by fragmentation and needs to be preserved. Due to limited resources, the Elkhorn Slough Foundation needed a way to rank the over 60 remaining patches for conservation potential. I used GIS to map and gather the information necessary for prioritization. I then developed a ranking system based on three indices including ten ecological and economic criteria. Patches that ranked high on the ecological integrity index, the connectivity index and the economic feasibility index were considered desirable purchases. Results of the total index included three distinct groups of patches, which would be good purchases for conservation. I recommend several purchase options that are organized in two stages. The highest priority for conservation is one of the groups of three patches located between Blohm Ranch and Long Valley. Surveys of the biological resources and ecological status of the patches would be a useful addition to the analysis. P! only have Title page and abstract Not in UCSC library systemE?
Duke Energy North America, 1999 Moss Landing Power Plant Project 1-8 California Energy Commissionw Moss Landing Power Plant, Gas-turbine power-plants, California, Monterey County, Monterey Bay, Environmental conditions Application for Certification M not here "Docket 99-AFC-4"--Cover letter.? Dupre, W.R. 1975Y Quaternary history of Watsonville lowlands, north-central Monterey Bay region, California 1-145 Department of Geology
Palo Alto, CA Stanford University Monterey Bay region, geology Ph.D. Dissertation This research has been directed towards two goals. The first is to better understand the evoluation of the landscape in the coastal region of north-central Monterey Bay. The second, of necessity building on the first, is to provide basic geologic data from which improved land-use planning policies might evolve.
Most of this research involved the evaluation of the cumulative effects of Quaternary tectonism and changing climates on coastal sedimentation and geomorphology within a tectonically-active, high-wave energy coastal environment. In particular, the role of climatic fluctuations superimposed upon complex tectonic trends was studied with respect to the development and ultimate preservation of marine, eolian, and fluvial depositional systems and resultant terrace formation. In doing so, it was possible to develop a general model for coastal sedimentation that can be used to better understand the Quaternary history in tectonically-active coastal regions. Much of the utility of this research, however, involves its implications on land development within the coastal zone, for it is only by studying the processes and events by which the present landscape was formed that the potential environmental impacts of alternative land-use policies can best be evaluated. G esf ? G & Dupre, W.R.
Clifton, H.E.
Hunter, R.E. 1980i Modern sedimentary facies of the open Pacific coast and Pleistocene analogs from Monterey Bay, California 105-119_ Society of Economic Palaeontologists and Mineralogists Pacific Coast Paleogeography Symposium 4> Field, M.E.
Bouma, A.H.
Colburn, I.P
Douglas, R.G.
Ingle, J.C. sediments, palaeontology G not here M?
Earth Metrics Inc., 1975X Environmental assessment for the proposed expansion of process waste disposal facilities Prepared for Kaiser Refractories~ Moss Landing, Magnesia Plant, Magnesium industry and trade, Environmental aspects, California, Environmental impact statements September 10, 1975 M not here ?
Earth Metrics Inc., 19785 Villa Nueva Planning Area, North Monterey, CaliforniaH land management, resource management, North Monterey County, Villa Nueva Land Capability Analysis M ?
Earth Metrics Inc., 1982+ Draft EIR for the Oak Hills Subdivision #10 Monterey CountyA Oak Hills Subdivision, land development, environmental assessment Environmental Impact Report M 79-131 ?
Eaton, R. A.
Arp, A. J. 1993U Aerobic respiration during sulfide exposure in the marine echiuran worm Urechis caupo 1-19 Physiological Zoology 66 1 Hydrogen Sulfide, Animal Tissue, Oxidation, Blood, Invertebrates, Echiura, fat innkeeper worm, Elkhorn Slough, Coelomic Fluid, Hematin, Oxygen Consumption, Tidal Exposure, ecology, physiology, biochemistry, benthic, mudflats Urechis caupo inhabit U-shaped burrows in mudflats where they are exposed to toxic hydrogen sulfide. During tidal exposure sulfide levels average 27 muM and oxygen levels average 77 mmHg. The oxygen consumption rate (VO2) of U. caupo was measured at varying partial pressures of oxygen and with and without sulfide to investigate whether aerobic respiration is maintained during tidal exposure. Animals exposed to PO2's as low as 32 mmHg and sulfide concentrations of less than 30 muM did not significantly change VO2 (mean VO2 = 0. 039 +/- 0.016 mL O2. g-1. h-1), although there was a general trend of increased VO2 with increased sulfide. We investigated whether this animal avoids sulfide toxicity by oxidation of sulfide catalyzed by coelomic fluid hematin. A positive correlation was found between VO2 and hematin concentration for animals exposed to 4-29 muM sulfide. The VO2 of coelomic fluid samples measured in vitro showed a peak VO2 and positive correlation with hematin concentration at 17 muM sulfide. Oxygen consumption rates of hematin isolated from the coelomic fluid showed a positive correlation between VO2 and sulfide concentration at 1.0 and 1.8 mM hematin, and VO2 was significantly greater at 1.8 mM hematin in the presence of sulfide. These results suggest that oxygen consumption in U. caupo is not inhibited at environmental oxygen and sulfide levels and that the elevation in VO2 observed in the presence of sulfide in vitro may be due to oxidation of sulfide by coelomic fluid hematin. I Physiol Zool esf ?
Ecological Analysts Inc., 1983M Moss Landing power plant cooling water intake structures 316(B) demonstration Pacific Gas and Electric Company Moss Landing power plant, PG&E, environmental impact assessment, impingement, entrainment, resource management, Clean Water Act, larvae, ichthyoplankton, invertebrates, juvenile fish, adult fish, macroinvertebrates, environmental disturbance Report The following report presents the results of a study of the biological effects of the colling water systems at Pacific Gas and Electric Company's Moss Landing Power Plant. The study was conducted in compliance with Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act as required by the power plant's National Polluntant Discharge Elimination System permit. Section 316(b) of the Act requires that "the location, design, construction, and capacity of cooling water intake structures reflect the best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact." Because no single intake design can be considered to be the best technology available at all sites, compliance with the Act requires a site-specific analysis of intake-related organism losses and a site-specific determination of the best technology available for minimizing those losses. This report discusses intake-related losses resulting from entrainment and impingement; assesses potential impacts resulting from cooling system operation; evaluates intake technologies according to biological, operating, and engineering criteria; and recommends the best technology available for minimizing entrainment and impingement losses for the cooling water intake structures of the Moss Landing Power Plant. M/ only have list of tables, figures and a summary PGE60K1 esfO?
4 Ecological Analysts Inc.,
Jefferson Associates Inc., 1980I Moss Landing community plan: Energy and industrial expansion alternatives 1-470 Prepared for Monterey County Planning DepartmentD Power resources, California, Moss Landing, City planning, Industries draft background report August 1980 M not here ?
EDAW, Inc. 1978 Wetland management system 1-30 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Estuaries; marsh; restoration Jan 23, 1978 wetlands management M esf ?
EDAW, Inc. 19781 Federal permit proposal evaluation Elkhorn Slough 1-56 US Fish and Wildlife Elkhorn Slough Jan 23, 1978 M esf ? Edwards, R. 1984B Soil erosion: Creative planning and new techniques offer solutions 23-25' Farm Focus, Monterey County Farm Bureau 2 2> soils, soil erosion, resource management, farming, agriculture M not here ? j
Eguchi, T. 1998 Morphology of the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) using Elkhorn Slough, California, and their movements, diving behavior in the Monterey Bay area
Fresno, CA Fresno State University Vertebrates; Chordates; mammals M.S. Thesis V not here ? Ehler, C.N.
Basta, D.J. 1993M Integrated management of coastal areas and Marine Sanctuaries: A new paradigm 6-13 Oceanus 36 3 Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, marine, coastal habitat, conservation, marine protected areas, resource management, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuarya Discusses integrated coastal management including:
1) The goal of integrated coastal management is to produce the optimal mix of products and services from a coastal ecosystem over time.
2) Fundamentally change our management from a fragmented to an integrated approach.
3) Need a commitment to a continuing management process that can accommodate future changes.
4) Increased participation by the general public and the wider scientific and management communities is absolutely critical for long-term success.
5) Make maximum use of existing knowledge and experience to assess alternative management actions. M esf}? Eisenman, B. 1984) Strawberries targeted for erosion control 23-25' Farm Focus, Monterey County Farm Bureau 2 30 strawberries, soil erosion, farming, agriculture P not here ?
Eissinger, R. A. 1969 Elkhorn Slough clam survey 1-38H California Department of Fish and Game, Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesU clams, Elkhorn Slough, benthic invertebrates, benthic communities, bivalvia, Mollusca Final Report I not here $want abstract"?
Eissinger, R.A. 1970` Density distributions of economically important species of clams in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay 1-147 Moss Landing Marine Laboratories clams, Elkhorn Slough, benthic invertebrates, benthic communities, bivalvia, Mollusca, distribution, abundance, harvesting pressure, estuarine, ecology Unpublished Student Report A study was conducted for the California Department of fish and game in 1969 to determine the density distribution of the gaper, little neck, and Washington clams in Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing. Populations were counted by randomly selecting 100 sp. ft. plots and counting the clam siphons for each species. A subsequent survey of one of the areas in 1970 was conducted to discover any density differences occurring during the year period. Areas of lowered density were attributed to intense clammer pressure in these more accessible areas. Areas of increased populations were attributed to a neglected area of smaller class clamsand to clammer inaccessibility in other areas. I sp esf p ? Elkhorn Slough Clam Beds, Elkhorn Slough clam beds 1-4 Elkhorn Slough, clam beds I esf ?
6 Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary Advisory Committee, 1985; Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary Management Plan 1-137 Sanctuary Programs Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and The Resource Agency, California Department of Fish and GameQ Elkhorn Slough, resource management, Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary,] Reprt includes:
Background information on the area, its resources, uses and current management;
Sanctuary goals and management objectives;
a description of the action plan, including resource protection, research, education and recreation, and land acquisition;
a description of the facilities and staff
a description of the administrative framework M esf}?
Elkhorn Slough Foundation, 1993Z Habitat restoration and limited development: A pilot project in Elkhorn Slough, California< Environmental Protection Agency, Near Coastal Waters ProgramY watershed, watershed management, watershed conservation, monitoring, wetlands restoration# Cooperative Agreement, Final Report May 1993 M not here EPA X-009587-01-0 ?
/ Elkhorn Slough Foundation,
Scharffenberger, T. 2002p Elkhorn Slough at the Crossroads: Natural Resources and Conservation Strategies for the Elkhorn Slough Watershed 41 Elkhorn Slough Foundation ?
3 Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1994' The birds of the south marsh loop trail 1-11G birds, Elkhorn Slough, field guide, trail guide; Vertebrates; Chordates Pamphlet B esf ? k Emmett, R.
Llanso, R.
Newton, J.
Thom, R.
Hornberger, M. I.
Morgan, C.
Levings, C.
Copping, A.
Fishman, P. 2000< Geographic signatures of North American West Coast estuaries 765-92 Estuaries 23 6< Geographic signatures; North American; West Coast; estuaries[ West Coast estuaries are geologically young and composed of a variety of geomorphological types. These estuaries range from large fjords to shallow lagoons; from large to low freshwater flows. Natural hazards include El Ninos, strong Pacific storms, and active tectonic activity. West Coast estuaries support a wide range of living resources: five salmon species, harvestable shellfish, waterfowl and marine birds, marine mammals, and a variety of algae and plants. Although populations of many of these living resources have declined (salmonids), others have increased (marine mammals). West Coast estuaries are also centers of commerce and increasingly large shipping traffic. The West Coast human population is rising faster than most other areas of the U.S. and Canada, and is distributed heavily in southern California, the San Francisco Bay area, around Puget Sound, and the Fraser River estuary. While water pollution is a problem in many of the urbanized estuaries, most estuaries do not suffer from poor water quality. Primary estuarine problems include habitat alterations, degradation, and loss; diverted freshwater flows; marine sediment contamination; and exotic species introductions. The growing West Coast economy and population are in part related to the quality of life, which is dependent on the use and enjoyment of abundant coastal natural resources. G pdf available at ESNERR esf \ ?
2 Emmett, R.L.
Hinton, S.A.
Stone, S.L.
Monaco, M.E. 1991y Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in West Coast Estuaries, Volume II: Species Life History Summaries 1-329
Rockville, MD% Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA vertebrates, fishes, invertebrates, benthic communities, estuarine communities, species life histories, Elkhorn Slough, ecology, bivalves, crustaceans ELMR Rep. This is the second of two volumes that present information on the spatial and temporal distributions, relative abundance, and life history characteristics of 47 fish and invertebrates species in 32 estuaries along the contiguous west coast of the U.S. Information presented in this volume focuses on species life history summaries which were written to identify the critical life history characteristics that help define a species' occurrence in estuaries. The life history summaries are not a complete treatise on each species; however, they provide a consice account of the most important physical and biological factors known to influence a species' occurrence. F, I No. 8 esf?
Engineering Science, Inc. 19781 Moss Landing wastewater facilities plan amendment Berkeley' Moss Landing County Sanitation District3 human impacts; marine; Human Activity; Moss Landing plan admendment October 1978 moss landing; wastwater M ]?
Engineering-Science Inc., 1961| Investigation of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the waters and sediments of the Moss Landing area 1-119. Prepared for Thelen, Marrin, Johnson & Bridgesc Marine sediments, California, Monterey Bay, Marine resources, Moss Landing Harbor, Moro Cojo Slough C not heref?
Engineering-Science Inc., 1961j Proposed waste-water disposal facilities for the Kaiser Sea Water Magnesia Plant, Moss Landing, California 42 leaves. Prepared for Thelen, Marrin, Johnson & Bridges Kaiser Sea Water Magnesia Plant, Water quality, California, Monterey Bay, Marine resources, Waste disposal in the ocean, Moss Landing M ?
Engineering-Science Inc., 19800 Lower Salinas River flow reduction impact report0 Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency
Salinas River Draft Impact Report M ?
Esmaili and Associates Inc., 1978Z Nonpoint sources of ground water pollution in Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, CaliforniaE groundwater, nonpoint source pollution, water pollution, ground water M not here R? ESNERR Teachers Packet #1 Teachers packet, education R esf J? ESNERR Teachers Packet #2 Teachers packet, education R ?
Estelle, V.B. 1991f Spring foraging of Sanderling (Calidris alba) in response to aggregations of Emerita analoga megalopae 1-41 San Jose, CA San Jose State University] Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Crustacea, Vertebrates, Birds, sand crabs; Zooplankton Communities M.S. Thesis B not here8 $want abstract; have anything to do with Elkhorn Slough? ; ' Fain, S. R.
Detomaso, A.
Alberte, R. S. 1992 Characterization of disjunct populations of Zostera marina (eelgrass) from California: Genetic differences resolved by restriction-fragment length polymorphisms 683-689 Marine Biology 112 4s Potamogetonaceae, Monocotyledones, Angiospermae, Spermatophyta, Plantae, Angiosperms, Monocots, Plants, Spermatophytes, Vascular plants, USA, Ribosomal, Dna, Habitat, Depth, ecology, RFLP, restriction-fragment length polymorphisms, San Diego, Monterey Bay, Del Monte Beach, Elkhorn Slough, Tomales Bay, Biogeography, Population genetics, sea grass, Zostera marina, marine Comparative restriction-fragment analysis was used to analyze the nuclear ribosomal DNA, and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 loci of Zostera marina L., for variation within and among populations. Eelgrass is a perenhial marine flowering plant that is widespread and ecologically significant throughout the temperate northern hemisphere. A chemical method was developed to obtain restriction-quality DNA without CsCl fractionation from experimentally relevant quantities of seagrass tissues (0.5 to 1.0 g). The yield was 25 .{mu}.g g-1 fresh weight. The three morphologically distinct forms of Z. marina from disjunct populations examined in this study were found to be genetically distinct; morphologically similar populations were indistinguishable genetically. Genetic distinction also correlated with habitat depth, as subtidal and intertidal populations were clearly divergent. Homologous probes for the 17S and 28S ribosomal DNA genes were used to map 24 restriction sites on the rDNA repeat of Z. marina, which was determined to be about 14 kb in length. At least 1 length mutation and 5 restriction-sitl changes were identified that distinguished Z. marina populations from San Diego [California, USA] and Monterey Bay (Del Monte Beach) from Z. marina populations from Elkhorn Slough and Tomales Bay. Estimated sequence variation (100 .{times}. p) between eelgrass populations ranged from 0.00 to 0.69. Individual plants were observed to contain as many as four different rDNA-repeat length variants. The mean number of rDNA-repeat length variants per individual in Z. marina was about two. Intrapopulation variation in rDNA-repeat type was observed in only one individual from the Tomales Bay population. P pdf available at ESNERR Mar Biol esf_ U.S. Fish Wildlife Serv., Natl. Forensics Lab., 1490 East Main St., Ashland, Oregon 97520, Usa. ? ' Farley, C. A.
Wolf, P. H.
Elston, R. A. 1988 A long-term study of "microcell" disease in oysters with a description of a new genus, Mikrocytos (G. N.), and two new species, Mikrocytos mackini (SP. N.) and Mikrocytos roughleyi (SP. N.) 581-5946 U S National Marine Fisheries Service Fishery Bulletin 86 3I Invertebrates, Microorganisms, Mollusks, Protozoans, British Columbia, Canada, Columbia, Connecticut, South Carolina, USA, Japan, Elkhorn Slough, Crassostrea gigas, Ostrea edulis, Bonamia ostreae, Ostrea lurida, Taxonomy, Zoogeography, Mortality, Electron Microscopy, Ecology, Anatomy and Histology, Parasitology, oyster, estuaryl Continuing long-term studies of oyster disease problems have been carried out over the past 26 years using field monitoring, gross, histologic, and ultrastructural pathologic methods. A microorganism of uncertain taxonomy was discovered in 1963 by J. G. Mackin in association with lesions and mortalities of Japanese oysters, Crassostrea gigas from Denman Island, British Columbia, Canada. Mackin coined the term "microcell" for this organism and described the parasite as 1-3 .{mu}.m cells with small nuclei which occurred within vesicular connective tissue cells adjacent to characteristic abscesses. We are describing this organism as MIKROCYTOS mackini sp. n. in his honor. Similar appearing organisms were seen by the senior author in flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, from Milford, Connecticut [USA], on three different occasions: 1) in oysters transferred from Milford, Connecticut, to Chincoteague Bay, Virginia; 2) in oysters transferred from Milford to Elkhorn Slough , California; and 3) in oysters transferred from Milford to Oxford, Maryland, and held in recirculated sea water. The causative organism in these three episodes has been shown by electron microscopy to be Bonamia ostreae, the parasite that was implicated in recent mortalities in flat oysters in Europe. Similar organisms have also been seen in Olympia oysters, Ostrea lurida, from Oregon and in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis, from Australia. Presence of the organism in the latter species is associated with the winter mortalities originally described by T. C. Roughley, and the pathogen is here described as Mikrocytos roughleyi (sp. n.) in his honor. I esf q?
| $ Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1986@ Flood insurance study: Monterey County, CA, unincorporated areas9 Federal Emergency Management Agency, Community No. 060195& floods, flood control, Monterey County M not here? 1 Feinholz, Daniela M. 1998o Abundance, distribution, and behavior of the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) in a California estuary 105-115 Aquatic Mammals 24 2 Marine ecology, Mustelidae, Carnivora, Mammalia, Pelecypoda, Mollusca, Enhydra lutris nereis, southern sea otter, Saxidomun nuttallii, Tresus nuttallii, Animals, Carnivores, Mammals, Mollusks, Elkhorn Slough, California, Behavior, Location, Movement direction, Sex ratio, Species abundance, species distribution, Ecology, Aquatic Wildlife Management, Animal Behavior, Nutrition, Invertebrata, estuary, marine9 Trends in abundance, distribution, and daily activities of southern sea otters, Enhydra lutris nereis, in Elkhorn Slough , a California estuary, were studied. During 66 boat-based surveys, between June and October 1994 and 1995, sea otters were counted and their location, sex, direction of movement, behavior, and degree of grizzling (an indicator of age) were recorded. During 3 night-time surveys in 1995, presence/absence patterns of sea otters were determined. An influx of sea otters into the estuary occurred between November 1994 and January 1995. Mean number of otters in 1995 (mean +- Std = 24.6 +- 5.7) was six times greater than in 1994 (mean +- Std = 4.2 +- 3.1). No significant effects of tide, or time of day, on abundance patterns were detected. Otters present in the estuary were mostly juvenile males. They were distributed along the estuary with different densities, the highest densities occurring within a resting area, where otters tended to congregate in rafts. Feeding occurred with higher frequency in areas closer to the open ocean. Clams of two different species, the Washington (Saxidomun nuttallii), and the gaper (Tresus nuttallii) were the main prey. Some individuals may use the estuary on a regular basis, since one tagged otter was observed during 58% of the surveys. The estuary was also used at night. V multiple copies (2) esf ? Fenn, K. H. 2003 Spatial and temporal variability of benthic infaunal communities in the soft-substrates of the Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, California 73 Department of Zoology Oxford Miami University invertebrates, benthic, estuary, monitoring, ecology, Elkhorn Slough, polychaetes, crustaceans, bivalves, exotic species, tidal height Master of Science I investigated assemblages of three infaunal invertebrate classes (polychaetes, crustaceans, bivalves) to determine how community composition of estuarine mudflats changed across time and space. At each of four sites sampled along a gradient of decreasing wave activity, the abundance of individuals in one of the classes differed significantly across tidal zones. However, the class displaying the difference was inconsistent among sites. At only one site was the difference linked to the increased presence of exotic species. Results of the temporal analysis revealed a change in infaunal community composition over 25 years. Indirect evidence concerning invasive species and water quality parameters did not support these mechanisms as probable causes of community change. However, enhanced tidal activity along the gradient coincided with changes in species composition and the loss of a bivalve associated with slow-water environments. Future experiments should investigate tidal activity as the primary mechanism of benthic community change. I@ http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Fenn_2003.pdf esf?
Finn, F.K. 1992; A benthic invertebrate survey of Elkhorn Slough, California Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories: benthic invertebrates, benthic communities, Elkhorn Slough Unpublished Student Report Fall 1992 I $want abstract esf ?
: Fitzgerald, R. T.
Edwards, J.L.
Farquar, J.M.
Loeffler, K. 1995 Archaeological Test Excavation at CA-MNT-1765, for the Moro Cojo Standard Subdivision Project (SH 93001), Monterey County, California Rohnert Park, CAo Northwest Information Center of the California Historical Resources Information System, Sonoma State University? Archaeology; Excavation; Moro Cojo; Monterey County; California Biosystems Analysis G not hereP Submitted to Community Housing Improvement Systems Planning Association, SalinasO?
/ Fleck, J.
Ross, L.
Tran, D.
Melvin, J.
Fong, B. 1991J Off-target movement of endosulfan from artichoke fields in Monterey County 1-39 Sacramento, CA- California Department of Pesticide RegulationT Pesticide drift, Environmental transport, Endosulfan, Storm runoff, Insecticides, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Pesticide residues, California, Spraying, Water pollution effects, Environmental impact assessments, Soil surveys, Sediments, Farm crops, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Bivalves, Monterey County, California, Artichokes, Elkhorn Slough/ Environmental Hazards Assessment Program Report Jun 1991 The California Department of Pesticide Regulation (formerly the Department of Food and Agriculture) Environmental Hazards Assessment Program, monitored three artichoke fields in the Moss Landing drainage area of Monterey County to determine whether endosulfan moves off-target via spray drift and/or rain runoff. The information will be used to develop mitigation measures to reduce off site movement of endosulfan. Since 1979, endosulfan residues have consistently been detected in bivalve aquatic organisms in Elkhorn Slough, a state ecological reserve in Monterey County. In a previous study, results of soil and sediment sampling for endosulfan residues indicated that areas in the Moss Landing drainage area associated with high endosulfan use are a potential source of the residues found in Elkhorn Slough. However, there is little information on how endosulfan moves off site in these areas, whether it be via drift during application or through runoff water. M not here EH915 ?
# Fleck, J. E.
Ross, L. J.
Hefner, K. 1988R Endosulfan and chlorthal-dimethyl residues in soil and sediment of Monterey County 1-47 Sacramento, CA- California Department of Food and Agriculture Pest control, Mussels, Tables, Soil surveys, Sediments, Watersheds, Endosulfan, Chlorthal dimethyl, Monterey County, Pesticide residues, Environmental monitoring, Agricultural runoff, California State Mussel Watch Program, Elkhorn Slough' Environmental Hazards Assessment Report Sep 1988 The California State Mussel Watch Program (SMW) has detected residues of endosulfan in Elkhorn Slough of Monterey County, California every year since 1979, and chlorthal-dimethyl every year since 1980. The offsite movement of chlorthal-dimethyl and endosulfan in particular (due to its extreme toxicity to fish and aquatic organisms), is of environmental concern because of potential impacts on the ecological reserve. In response, the Environmental Hazards Assessment Program of the California Department of Food and Agriculture conducted the study to identify agricultural drains in the Moss Landing drainage area that are potential sources of endosulfan and chlorthal-dimethyl contamination occurring in Elkhorn Slough. M not here EH886 ? Fong, P. P.
Pearse, J. S. 1992 Photoperiodic regulation of parturition in the self-fertilizing viviparous polychaete Neanthes limnicola from central California 81-90 Marine Biology 112 1= polychaetes, invertebrates, reproduction, Neanthes limnicola, Annelida, Watsonville Slough, California, circadian rhythms, ecology, photoperiod, salinity, annelid, Seasonality, Fecundity, Saline Level, Sea Water, Life Span, Abnormal Development, Laboratory Method, reproductive ecology, population dynamics, estuarineH Seasonally-changing photoperiod controls the timing of parturition in the viviparous, self-fertilizing polychaete Neanthes limnicola (Johnson, 1901) from Watsonville Slough, a central California estuary. During 1987 to 1989, worms in the field gave birth mainly in the spring. Those born in late February from field-collected parents and maintained in the laboratory under in-phase photoperiodic conditions reproduced in 12 to 13 mo, under spring light-regimes. When maintained under light conditions 6 mo out of phase, they required only about 6 to 8 mo to reproduce, giving birth in the fall, but under spring light-regimes. Worms born in the laboratory in fall and then maintained in phase reproduced in the ambient spring, at 6 to 8 mo of age; those maintained out of phase took 12 to 13 mo, giving birth the following fall under spring light-regimes. Photoperiod treatments had no consistent effect on the number of young produced, and age and fecundity were only weakly correlated. Highest fecundities were in salinities of 15 to 20 parts per thousand, with lower fecundities at higher salinities. Worms maintained in full-strength sea water (33 parts per thousand S) showed abnormal development and produced very few or no young. Salinity did not affect timing of parturition. Temperature differences of 3 to 7C-degrees between treatments had no effect on timing of parturition or number of young produced, and marginal effects on life span. These results indicate that photoperiod regulates the timing of reproduction in N. limnicola in central California, while salinity mainly influences fecundity. I pdf available at ESNERR Mar Biol esf 2?
Fork, S. 2004H South Marsh avian habitat monitoring program: Survey results (2001-2003)P Elkhorn Slough Foundation and Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve+ Elkhorn Slough Technical Report Series 2004@ http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Fork_2004.pdf 1 l ? Forlano, B. 1990! Elkhorn Slough Volunteer Handbook Elkhorn Slough handbook R esf ?
Forlano, R. 1990H Heron/egret colony of Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve 1-11 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Labsw birds, rookery, great blue heron, great egrets, Elkhorn Slough, terrestrial, Eucalyptus grove, ecology, natural history Unpublished Student Report This report contains information such as:
history of the colony
appearance of the birds
foraging
nesting / location of nests
breeding / timing, number of eggs and chicks
Also discusses methods used to study the rookery B esf ? Friedrichs, C.T.
Perry, J.E. 2001, Tidal Salt Marsh Morphodynamics: A Synthesis 7-37 Journal of Coastal Research 27 ?
Fritchman, Harold K., II 1948. The common pelecypods of the Monterey Bay area 1-18 Bodega Marine Laboratory/ Elkhorn Slough; Invertebrata; Mollusca; Bivalve Unpublished Student Report I not here $want abstract#?
Frost, D. 1990h Hydrological monitoring: Elkhorn Slough and adjacent hydrological systems, October 1988 - September 1989 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories2 hydrology, Elkhorn Slough, hydrological monitoring Technical Report W not here AA401-22 B?
" Fry, B.
Gace, A.
McClelland, J. W. 2001R Chemical Indicators of anthropogenic nitrogen loading in west coast NERR estuaries 1-80Z NOAA/UNH Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET) estuary; nitrogen; chemistry Final Report May 30, 2001 M 99-296 esf ? ! Fry, B.
Gace, A.
McClelland, J.W. 2003O Chemical Indicators of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Loading in Four Pacific Estuaries 77-101 Pacific Science 57 1?
Galasso, G.A. 1993c Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary water quality management: The use of coordinating mechanisms 333-345 Coastal Management 21 4r national marine sanctuary, Monterey Bay, resource protection, water quality, regulations, conservation, management Marine areas of national significance may receive additional measures of resource protection through designation as national marine sanctuaries. Until recently, the primary means to protect the water quality of designated sanctuaries was through prohibiting ocean dumping and oil and gas activities. This focus paralleled other national efforts directed at protecting the marine environment. Coastal waters have received inadequate attention, and as a result, their overall health is threatened. Congress has turned its attention to this issue, and the opportunity currently exists for the National Marine Sanctuaries Program to address threats to water quality in mairne areas with which they have been entrusted. A recently signed Memorandum of Agreement addresses water quality concerns of the newly designated Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and serves as an illustration of the type of coordinating mechanism that is necessary to address these issues in areas of overlapping jurisdictions M esf =? Galigher, A. E. 1925c On the occurrence of the larval stages of scyphozoa in the Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 94-96 The American Naturalist 59 Elkhorn Slough, scyphozoa, Invertebrates, Cnidaria, jellyfish, scyphistomae, strobilae, Aurelia, Chrysaora, Pelagia, zooplankton found unidentifiable scyphistomae and strobilae under what is now the Highway 1 bridge region. Short 3 page article also has map of the mouth of the old slough, with the exit to the ocean to the north of current opening. See hard copy for more details. R spb?
Galloway, Kenneth 1978y Technical evaluation of environmental impact potential for proposed disposal of dredged material from Moss Landing Harbor 1-137 San Francisco, CA% United States Army Corps of Engineers9 Dredging, California, Moss Landing, Environmental aspects! Soil Control Lab Technical Report M not here No. 78-1 ?
Gamman, J.K. 19732 Preliminary bibliography: Elkhorn Slough resources CA Sea Grant Program Elkhorn Slough R not here" UCSC Science Maps: HC107.C22M6643 _? Gamman, John K. 1974l Planning and analysis of coastal estuaries: With a case study of Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa CruzO Estuarine area conservation, California, Planning, Elkhorn Slough, Case studies
Senior Thesis M not here UCSC Science Maps: QH76.5.C2G36 ? ! Gao, Y.
Smith, G.J.
Alberte, R.S. 1992H Light regulation of nitrate reductose in Ulva fenestrata (Chlorophyceae) 691-696 Marine Biology 112 4 algae, Ulva fenestrata, nitrate reductase, Nonvascular plants, Algae, Ecology, Environmental Biology, Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Light and Radiation Effects, Seasonality, Photoperiod, Diurnal Rhythm, marine, green algae, benthic, Monterey BayV Observations were made on the behavior of nitrate reductase activity in the green alga Ulva fenestrata under controlled light:dark regimes. The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) was examined in response to normal seasonal photoperiods as well as in response to shortened or extended periods of darkness. NR activity exhibits a light-dependent diurnal rhythm under both normal summer and winter photoperiods, with a maximum in the early morning (2 to 2.5 h after the start of illumination). This peak of activity is followed by a lower steady-state level of activity which is sustained throughout the light period. There is a sustained minimal level of activity in darkness. The morning peak in activity is always observed as long as tissue is illuminated, irrespective of the previous light or dark treatments. As such, it appears that nitrate reductase activity in U. fenestrata is under circadian control. There is no major difference in the NR activity pattern between summer and winter plants, except that the peak activity values in winter plants are consistently much higher (5 times) than in summer plants. The study also suggests that illumination prior to the normal start of photoperiod triggers a different set of regulatory mechanisms, indicating that the physiological state of plants is important in dictating the NR activity response to illumination. P pdf available at ESNERR esf ?
Gardner, M.
Kvitek, R. 1998o Tide flat resource restoration and management: Implementation of a novel recovery program in the Elkhorn Slough 1-6R Sanctuaries and Reserves Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration` Elkhorn Slough, invertebrates, clams, innkeeper worms, shrimp, management, ecology, human impact Final Report The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of human predation on Tresus clams, Urechis worms, and Callianassa shrimp populations. Specific goals of the research were to:
1) determine the relationship of harvest to the depletion of infaunal populations and shellfish resources
2) restore depleted tide flats to former levels of diversity
3) quantify recovery rates of target species following tide flat protection
4) determine a proper management policy for recovery and sustainable use of tide flat resources M multiple copies (2) esf ?
Gardner, Matthew E. 1994 Grazing effects of the ghost crab, Pachygrapsus crassipes (Gibbes), on the recruitment and growth of green algae, Ulva (L), in Elkhorn Slough 1-16 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratory community ecology, Elkhorn Slough, crabs, green algae, rocky intertidal, estuarine, invertebrates, grazing, caging experiment, benthic, marine Unpublished Student Report Ulva are common local algae that readity grow on intertidal rocks, but are conspicuously absent from rocks in Elkhorn Slough. One algal grazer, Pachygrapsus crassipes also inhabits broken rock areas of Elkhorn Slough. Using exclusion cages I tested whether P. crassipes effects growth and recruitment of Ulva. No differences were detected in mean percent cover of algae between exclusion cages, inclusion cages or control cages. However, biotic and abiotic factors within and among sites confounded results. Problems such as varying sedimentation and water flow regimes between sites as well as failure of cages to exclude small crabs indicated the need for design modifications for future work. I multiple copies (2) esf ?
Garlick, W.S. 19684 A succession study in Elkhorn Slough: March-May 1968 1-22 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories succession, Elkhorn Slough, community ecology, invertebrates, amphipods, egg masses, algae, Mytilus, Balanus, barnacles, mussels, gastropods, pelecypods, brittle stars, intertidal, marine, subtidal, benthic Unpublished Student Report The purpose of this project is: Can the principles of terrestrial succession, basedon plant communities, be applied to fauna in an aquatic environment? Can the serial implantation of animals on a clean plaque be interpreted as a succession such as this, or does it merely show the implantation of the animal larvae present in the water at that time?
A series of plaques were grown in the water from the North end of the dock in Elkhorn Slough approximately 100 yards Northeast of Moss Landing Marine Labs. A set of cups was located in the mud beneath Elkhorn Slough due East of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories.
Based on plagues 1: there seems to be a pattern of succession forming, but this succession seems to have the characteristics of a polyclimax as the ultimate end. Some organims seem to be dominant (i.e., algae, Balanus) after a period of time, but they seem to vary with thelevel of depth beneath the surface.
Site 2 could also be best viewed as a polyclimax area. Species included gastropods, pelecypods, brittle stars, balanus R esf R? Garske, Lauren E. 2000d An investigation of blood volume in some Californian Chondrichthyans using Evans blue dye techniques 1-13 Department of Biology Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa CruzD Elkhorn Slough, fish, sharks, marine, pelagic, estuarine, physiology B.A. Thesis Evans blue dye techniques were employed to estimate the plasma and blood volumes of four species of chondrichthyans: the brown smoothhound, Mustelus californicus (n=10); the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata (n=20); the salmon shark, Lamna ditropis (n=1); and the blue shark, Prionace glauca (n=1). The dye was administered intravenously (0.5-0.6 mg/kg) and blood samples were collected 10, 20, and 30 minutes after injection. Optical density of plasma samples was measured at 620 nm using a spectrometer an compared against standard curves to find the concentration of dye in the plasma. The concentration of dye in the blood at the time of injection was mathmatically extrapolated and then used to calculate plasma and blood volumes. Mean plasma volumes were estimated to be 30.82 +/- 2.45 ml/kg, 39.15 +/- 4.48 ml/kg, 43.90 ml/kg and 105.37 ml/kg for M. californicus, T. semifasciata, L. ditropis and P. glauca, respectively. Likewise, after correction with simultaneously measured hemacrit values, mean blood volumes found were 45.49 +/- 2.99 ml/kg, 54.16 +/- 5.96 ml/kg, 74.36 ml/kg and 137.78 ml/kg. These values appear to fit into both the evolutionary trend previously proposed for fishes and the notion that within a phylogenetic group, blood volume increases with activity level. While the values found for M. californicus, T. semifasciata, and L. ditropis are near the range of values previously reported for chondrichthys, that found for P. glauca is at the extreme upper end of such values and is possibly the highest yet reported. F esf ?!
Gates, S.,
Bok, S. 19770 Elkhorn Slough study area: Report on agriculture$ University of California, Santa Cruz$ agriculture, farming, Elkhorn Slough Unpublished Student Report M not here ?" j Gerken, Sarah Anne 1995w The population ecology of the leptostracan crustacean, Nebalia pugettensis (Clark, 1932), at Elkhorn Slough, California 1-53 Department of Marine Sciences Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz` Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Crustacea, Nebalia, California, Elkhorn Slough, ecology, reproduction M.S. Thesis I not here# UCSC Science Stacks: QL444.M347 G47 D?# Y Gifford-Gonzalez, D.
Newsome, S.D.
Koch, P.L.
Guilderson, T.
Snodgrass, J.J.
Burton, R.K. 2002S Archaeofaunal Insights on Pinniped–Human Interactions in the Northeastern Pacific& International Council of Archaezoology Monks, G. Durham( ?$
Gilbane, L. 2000 Determining the abundance of amphipod Allorchestes angusta: a consideration of structural complexity and nutritional value among the algae of Elkhorn Slough, California 1-20Q amphipod; Allorchestes angusta; algae; Elkhorn Slough, California; invertebrates MLML undergraduate report 2000 I not here esf ?%
Gilchrist, J. 1980/ Moss Landing Harbor Biological Resources Survey 1-63 biological resources, Moss Landing Harbor, vegetation, salt marsh, dunes, terrestrial, animals, endangered species, birds, benthic invertebrates, fishes, Moro Cojo Slough, Old Salinas River Channel, mammals, biological survey, habitat, intertidal, sampling methods, natural history Appendix The purpose of this study is to describe the salt marsh vegetation of the Moro Cojo Slough and Old Salinas River Channel with its adjacent sand dune community. Distribution and species composition, percent cover, as well as their possible uses as habitat and food sources will also be discussed. Wildlife populations will be described for the Moro Cojo Slough and Old Salinas River Channel areas. R esf ?&
Gilchrist, John 1989@ Final environmental impact report: North harbor marina expansion 1-148 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Harbor District human impacts; marine Environmental Impact Report M esf ?'
Gilchrist, J. 1989A Draft environmental impact report: North harbor marina expansion 1-148 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Harbor District human impacts; marine Environmental Impact Report: This Environmental Impact Report addresses the potential environmental effects of a proposed expansion of the existing North Harbor marina and associated onshore facilities at Moss Landing Harbor in Monterey County. A full description of the project is presented in the Project Description section of this report. M esf ?(
M Gilchrist, J.
Lapa, W.
Assegued, A.
Suddjian, D.
Littlefield, S.
Caldwell, J. 1990U Revegetation and monitoring program for Moss Landing South Harbor restoration project 1-49 Davis, CA4 Habitat Restoration Group, John Stanley & AssociatesO wetland, marsh, estuary, habitat restoration, conservation, Moss Landing Harbor0 Final Report to the Moss Landing Harbor DistrictR The goals of the Moss Landing South Harbor Restoration Project are to establish salt marsh and upland vegetation on the project site that is visually and ecologically similary to adjacent undisturbed areas; to begin a process of succession that will result in habitats and wildlife value similar to neighboring undisturbed salt marsh areas, and to return this area to a stable ecosystem which will require no further human input once vegetation has been re-established. This report outlines the intial phase of the project, what was done during this phase, and the current monitoring programs. M esf ?)
Gilchrist, J.A.
Bland, D. 1994 Moss Landing sea lion pen 1-25
Felton, CA The Habitat Restoration GroupN Moss Landing Harbor, sea lions, marine mammal research, Vertebrates, Chordates2 Initial Report to the Moss Landing Harbor District
not available V esf?* j Gill, R., Jr 1979V Status and distribution of the California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) 36-49 California Fish and Game 65 1 Gruiformes, Animals, Birds, Breeding, Tidal Marsh, Ecology, Wildlife Management, Animal Distribution, clapper rail, reproduction, natural history, Elkhorn Slough$ The California clapper rail population and distributional data were derived from 120 censuses conducted over 5000 ha of greater San Francisco Bay [California, USA] area tidal marshes from Feb. 1971-Dec. 1975. Breeding populations were restricted to San Francisco Bay. Humboldt, Morro and Tomales bays, and perhaps Elkhorn Slough , no longer support breeding clapper rails. Within San Francisco Bay, major populations exist in San Mateo, Santa Clara, Alameda and Marin counties and in Napa Marsh. Breeding and nonbreeding season population densities did not differ significantly within the major population centers of the range. The clapper rail population was estimated to be 4200-6000 birds during this study. South San Francisco Bay and Napa Marsh supported 55 and 38%, respectively, of the population. B multiple copies (2) esf ?+ B Gliessman, Stephen R.
Werner, Matthew R.
Allison, Jan
Cochran, Jim 1996 A comparison of strawberry plant development and yield under organic and conventional management on the central California coast 327-38% Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 12 4, strawberry, Fragaria ananassa, angiosperms, dicots, plants, Horticultur, Development, Methods and Techniques, Reproduction, Agriculture/Horticulture, Conventional Production Method, Cultivar-Chandler, Economic Returns, Marketable Fruit Yield, Organic Production Method, Reproductive Development\ Conventional strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv. Chandler) production was compared with production undergoing conversion to certified organic management in a three-year, replicated, on-farm study. Plant vegetative development, measured as leaf number, leaf area, and vegetative biomass, decreased in the organic production system compared to the conventional system. Developmental differences were less significant in the third year of the study. Reproductive development, measured as number of flower buds, open flowers, and immature fruit, as well as total reproductive biomass, was also lower in the organic system. The timing and degree of difference in responses studied varied over the course of the study. The percent of total berries produced which were not marketable was larger in the conventional system in the second and third years of the study. Marketable fruit yield was consistently lower in the organic plots, but the margin of difference decreased over the course of the study from 39% to 28%. However, market conditions resulted in greater returns per hectare in the organic production system. P not here Go get at Sci. lib. ?, Gobalet, K. W. 1990] Prehistoric status of freshwater fishes of the Pajaro-Salinas River system of California, USA 680-685 Copeia 3 Osteichthyes, Animals, Chordates, Fish, Nonhuman vertebrates, Vertebrates, Gila crassicauda, Archoplites interruptus, Hyserocarpus traski, Ptychocheilus grandis, Habitat, Ecology, Environmental Biology, Animal Distribution, Elkhorn Slough, marine, freshwater, euryhaline, archaeology
Twenty-seven species of fishes are represented by the 2235 elements identified from archaeological site CA-Mnt-229 located on Elkhorn Slough in Monterey County, California. These remains predate historic environmental alteration. Of the elements identified, 73% are from freshwater species, 17% from euryhaline species and 10% from marine species. Native fishes that occupy slow-moving marshy freshwaters constitute 98% of the elements of freshwater fishes identified to species. Of these, the thicktail chub (Gila crassicauda) is extinct and the Sacramento perch (Archoplites interruptus) and tule perch (Hysterocarpus traski) have been extirpated from the Pajaro-Salinas River system. These results document the presence of the thicktail chub in the Pajaro-Salinas system and the native status of the Sacramento perch and Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) in the Salinas River. Because the outlet of the Salinas River is now maintained to the south of Elkhorn Slough , all freshwater species have been locally extirpated. F Copeia esf ?-
Gobalet, K.W. 1993z Additional archaeological evidence for endemic fishes of California’s Central Valley in the coastal Pajaro-Salinas Basin 218-223 Southwestern Naturalist 38 3 animals, chordates, fish, humans, mammals, nonhuman vertebrates, primates, vertebrates, Anthropology, Biogeography, Freshwater Ecology, Nutrition, Systematics, Taxonomy, Animal Distribution, Pleistocene, Bone, Fossil, Mousterian Level, Neanderthal, Paleontology, Teeth, archaeology, Salinas River, Gila crassicauda, Pogonichthys macrolepidotus, Mylopharodon conocephalus, Acipenser sp., freshwater, estuarine,_ Fish remains from two archaeological sites (MNT-228, MNT-1570) in the Salinas River drainage of the Sacramento-San Joaquin ichthyological province were examined in part to confirm the native status of thicktail chub (Gila crassicauda), to establish the prehistoric presence of splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) and hardhead (Mylopharodon conocephalus), and to record the marine species exploited by the Native Americans. Both archaeological sites date to 7,500 years before present (YBP) and predate the environmental perturbation of the last 150 years. Splittail remains were not found and thus were extirpated prior to 7,500 YBP or were never present in the drainage. The lack of hardhead is considered inconclusive and the lack of diagnostic elements of the squawfish, Ptychoheilus grandis, has cast doubt on its native status. Overall, these archaeological sites contained remains of at least six freshwater, nine euryhaline and 17 marine species. The identification of sturgeon scutes, Acipenser sp., suggests that sturgeons entered the former estuary of the Salinas River, an area where sturgeons are today. F! multiple copies of manuscript (2) esf ?. # Gobalet, Kenneth W.
Jones, Terry L. 1995E Prehistoric Native American fisheries of the central California coast 813-823. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124 6 Ecology, Freshwater, anthropology, Marine, Systematics, taxonomy, Osteichthyes, Pisces, Human, Animals, Chordates, Fish, Humans, Mammals, Nonhuman vertebrates, Primates, Vertebrates, Archaeology, Species distribution, Species diversity, Social Biology, Human Ecology, Elkhorn Slough, Morro Bay, Pajaro river, Salinas river, Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax, northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, topsmelt Atherinops affinis, jacksmelt Atherinopsis californiensis, California grunion Leuresthes tenuis, surfperches, Over 77,000 fish remains from 51 archaeological sites on the central California coast between San Mateo and San Luis Obispo counties, deposited between 6200 B.C. and A.D. 1830, were studied to assess prehistoric species distribution, diversity, and Native American fisheries. Remains were obtained from exposed rocky coastal sites, lagoon-estuaries at Elkhorn Slough and Morro Bay, and the freshwater drainages of the Pajaro and Salinas rivers. On the rocky coast, 58.4% of the remains represented large inshore species, 26.9% were small schooling species, and 11.8% were surfperches (family Embiotocidae). Large inshore species included rockfishes Sebastes spp., lingcod Ophiodon elongatus, kelp greenling Hexagrammos decagrammus, cabezon Scorpaenichthys marmoratus, and monkeyface prickleback Cebidichthys violaceus. At Elkhorn Slough and Morro Bay, about half of the remains of marine species represented moderately small schooling species, including Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax, northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, topsmelt Atherinops affinis, jacksmelt Atherinopsis californiensis, and California grunion Leuresthes tenuis. Surfperches also were common, and specialized local fisheries for flounders or sharks and rays were suggested. Aquatic conditions at Elkhorn Slough were dramatically different from those that exist today. Sites on Elkhorn Slough had both marine and freshwater fishes and showed site occupation when the Salinas River entered the slough and did not follow its present course into Monterey Bay. Sacramento perch Archoplites interruptus was the most abundant species found at freshwater sites, and remains of extinct thicktail chub Gila crassicauda confirm its presence in the Pajaro and Salinas rivers. Surprisingly rare are the remains of steelhead (the anadromous form of rainbow trout) Oncorhynchus mykiss. As is the case today, Pacific salmon were apparently absent from central coast streams South of the San Lorenzo River. Presumably the remains reflect local species availability. H UCSC does not have ?/ Golet, D.S. 1997 Fine-scale vertical distribution of denitrification potential, denitrifying bacteria and benzoate utilization in intertidal microbial mat communities 1-82 Department of Marine Sciences Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz Elkhorn Slough, Tomales Bay, nitrogen utilization, xenobiotic carbon mineralization, nitrous oxide, nitrate, biochemistry, marine, estuarine, intertidal, benthic M.S. Thesis We studied nitrogen and carbon dynamics in two estuarine microbial mat communities by measuring the depth distribution of potential denitrification rates, nutrients, xenobiotic carbon mineraliztion rates and bacterial abundance. Denitrification was detected (as nitrous oxide production) in microbial mat cores from both Elkhorn Slough and Tomales Bay. Maximum measured denitrification rates at both sites were in the surface (0-2 mm) region, although these maximum rates were about 150-fold higher at Elkhorn Slough than at Tomales Bay. Ambient pore water nutrient profiles showed lower [NOx} in the upper (0-6 mm) region of the cores at both sites. Throughout the core depth, [NOx] was always substantially greater at Elkhorn Slough than at Tomales Bay. Incorporation and mineralization of benzoate was measurable at Elkhorn Slough, and maximum rates of both parameters occurred near the mat surface (2-4 mm). Abundance of the denitrifier TBD-8b, as well as of the total bacterial population, was greatest near the surface (0-4 mm) at both sites. Z esf O?0 Gordon, B.L. 19778 Monterey Bay Area: Natural History and Cultural Imprints 1-321 Pacific Grove, CA
Boxwood Press 2nd4 Monterey Bay area, natural history, cultural history R not here ?1 Gorham, L.C. 19971 Endosulfan residue in sediments of Elkhorn Slough 1-28 Department of Biology Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruzh toxicology, pollution, Elkhorn Slough, chemistry, biochemistry, endosulfan residues, estuarine sediments
Senior Thesis4 This study developed a method for cleanup of endosulfan residues from sediment extracts. Sediment samples were extracted with dichloromethane, concentrated, and exchanged into hexane solvent. Endosulfan I, II and endosulfan sulfate residues were then applied to a commercially available 12 gram silica column and eluted with dichloromethane. Gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GCECD) allowed determination of endosulfan levels from the eluate. The technique yielded 90 +/- 9.3 percent recovery of dieldrin, the surrogate standard. This method was used to analyze samples collected from Elkhorn Slough, a wetlands area bordered by agriculture fields in Monterey, California. Sediment samples were taken from three distinct sites representing the mouth, midstream, and upstream areas of the slough. Endosulfan concentrations ranged from 0.37 parts per billion at the upstream stie, where this level of contamination may have significance environmentally. This work generated a rapid, simple method for the isolation of endosulfan residues from sediment extracts. CJ 1 time sampling, Highest concentrations 3.8 ppb at Azevedo South Pond site esf L ?2
Gormly, H.J.
Howekamp, D.P. 1968A Moss Landing Power Plant - Units 6-7 heated water discharge study 1-2D Department of Engineering Research, Pacific Gas and Electric CompanyQ Moss Landing power plant, PG&E, thermal pollution, water pollution, water quality Progress Report This report covers the period 7/25/66 - 1/30/68 during which continuous measurements were made at Sandholdt Pier and one synoptic survey as conducted. Measures made at Sandholdt Peir include: Wind direction and velocity, barometric pressure, dew point, air temperature, solar radiation, water temperature at three depths. The synoptic survey data include wave height and dye concentration. Information of instrumentation and survey techniques are contained in Report No. 1.
Data accumulated during the report period is assembled in the Appendices:
Appendix I and II - data sheets from the Sandholdt Pier measurements
Appendix III - synoptic survey data
Appendix IV - a biological report of the marine biology offshore of the Moss Landing site. M" do not have drawings or appendices No. 2 esfiS?3 Grannis, EP 2006~ Long-term variability in the distribution, abundance, and taxonomic composition of larval fishes in Elkhorn Slough, California 156 Marine Science# Master of Science in Marine Science Moss Landing) California State University, Monterey Bay
December 2006 Ichthyoplankton surveys estimate the distribution and abundance of fish larvae so that, when repeated, variability in adult fish assemblages can be detected over time. Such
surveys are useful in measuring changes in fish communities resulting from both natural and human-induced variability in an ecosystem. In this study, distribution, abundance,
and taxonomic composition of ichthyoplankton in Elkhorn Slough, a tidal embayment in Monterey Bay, California were described from three surveys (1974-1976, 1985-86, and
1999-00) spanning a 23-year period. Because Elkhorn Slough has been subjected to changes in tidal volume, increased erosion, El Niño/ La Niña events, and regime shifts
over the course of this study, the primary goal was to test the hypothesis that larval fish distribution, abundance, and taxonomic composition changed significantly over time.
Secondarily, possible causes of variability in the ichthyoplankton assemblage were discussed in relation to the life-history requirements of the dominant taxa. To accomplish these objectives, larvae were sampled during three different decades by towing ichthyoplankton nets at three different stations representing upper (Kirby Park), middle (dairy), and lower (bridge) regions of the slough. Ichthyoplankton were identified to the lowest possible taxon, enumerated, and standardized to densities (number of larvae/1000m3) for comparison. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine significant changes in larval density between 1985-86 and 1999-00 and magnitude of effects analysis (% variance explained) was used to estimate the relative importance of years, stations, months, and the interactions of those terms in regulating variability in larval abundance. Variability in overall abundance, taxonomic composition and distribution of larval fishes often coincided with patterns of variability in the local habitat and ocean climate. The lowest larval densities were recorded in the 1985-86 survey, which occurred during a warming ocean period and followed the El Niño event of 1982-83. In contrast, the second-highest and highest larval densities and species richness values were recorded in 1974-76 and 1999-00, respectively, coincident with the oceanographic regime shift of 1975-76 and a period of relatively high upwelling conditions in Monterey Bay in spring 1999. In addition, the greater ichthyoplankton abundance and diversity observed in 1999-00 were coincident with increased erosion and tidal flow in Elkhorn Slough, thus suggesting that the changing hydrographic regime did not negatively impact the production of larvae for most species. Of the 13 taxa tested by ANOVA, all but three were significantly more abundant in 1999-00 due to differences attributable to the year of sampling. Magnitude of effects analyses revealed that some taxonomic categories, like “unidentified Gobiidae”, were most affected by differences due to years while others, such as Gillichthys mirabilis, were most affected by station differences. Of the main effects, monthly variation explained the
greatest amount of variability for most of the taxa. Species composition was typical of California estuarine systems. A few species, including Engraulis mordax, Gillichthys mirabilis, Leptocottus armatus, and Genyonemus lineatus, dominated the catch in the 1970’s and 1980’s. The 1999-00 survey was unique in that it had new dominants and was characterized by the remarkable increase in the unidentified Gobiidae group which accounted for 66% of the overall catch. Percent similarity indices (PSI) showed that the fish assemblages during the 1970’s
and 1980’s were more similar to each other than they were to the 1999-00 assemblage. Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of ichthyoplankton were generally in accordance with larval life history requirements. Coastal marine species were found primarily at the ocean-influenced bridge and dairy stations whereas estuarine species were associated with the upper regions of Elkhorn Slough at Kirby Park. In all three surveys, species richness was greatest at the ocean-influenced station and decreased at inland stations. For most taxa, seasonal abundance peaks were observed in the winter and spring; summer and fall were periods of lower abundance.H http://library.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Grannis_2006.pdf Caillet, G; Graham, M; Loeb, V pdf available at ESNERR ?4
Gray, M.V. 1991S Monitoring and pollution control: A stochastic process approach to model oil spills CA# University of California, San Diego? oil spills, water pollution, water quality, monitoring programs Ph.D. Dissertation M not here7?5
Greene, H.G. 1970h Geology of southern Monterey Bay and its relationship to the ground water basin and salt water intrusion 1-50; Geological Survey, United States Department of the InteriorM groundwater, salt water intrusion, geology, Monterey Bay, resource management Open-file Report - the geologic map shows that about half of southern Monterey Bay is underlain by water-bearing material while the other half is underlain by nonwater-bearing rocks.
- mesozioc granodiorites and Miocene marine strata of the Monterey formation outcrop on the bay floor in the most southerly portion of Monterey Bay
-The water-bearing sediments of the Paso-Aromas unit and the Deltaic deposit make-up the offshore ground water basin that contain the two main aquifers identified onshore; a "180-foot" aquifer and a "400-foot" aquifer.
- outcrops associated with these two aquifers may act as areas of salt water encroachment
-Any preventive methods established in the lower Salinas Valley to retard salt water intrusion of the ground water basin must consider the slumping that is possibly active in the present day canyon.
- A physiographic diagram is included which vividly illustates the location of the Deltaic deposit, and the ground water basin, and shows a fairly normal perspective of the slump features. G esf ?6
Greene, H.G. 1977" Geology of the Monterey Bay region 1-347 U S Geological Survey geology, Monterey Bay area Open File Report G not here 77-718 ?7 e Greene, H.G.
Gardner-Taggart, J.
Ledbetter, M.T.
Barminski, R.
Chase, T.E.
Hicks, K. R.,
Baxter, C. 1991 Offshore and onshore liquefaction at Moss Landing spit, central California - Results of the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake 945-949 Geology 19 9C liquefaction, Loma Prieta earthquake, Moss Landing, coastal geologyO As a result of the the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta (Santa Cruz Mountains, California) earthquake, liquefaction of the fluvial, estuarine, eolian, and beach sediments under a sand spit destroyed the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and damaged other structures and utilities. Initial studies suggested that the liquefaction was a local phenomenon. More detailed offshore investigations, however, indicate that it occurred over a large area (max. 8 km2) during or shortly after the earthquake with movement of unconsolidated sediment toward and into the head of Monterey submarine canyon. This conclusion is supported by side-scan sonar sonographs, high resolution seismic-reflection and bathymetric profiles, onshore and sea-floor photographs, and underwater video tapes. Many distinct lobate features were identified on the shallow shelf. These features almost certainly were the result of the October 17 earthquake; they were subsequently destroyed by winter storms. In addition, fresh slump scars and recently dislodged mud debris were found on the upper, southern wall of Monterey submarine canyon. G esf ?8
8 Greene, H.G.
Lee, W. H. K.
McCulloch, D. S.
Brabb, E. E. 19721 Faults and earthquakes in the Monterey Bay region 1-14; United States Geological Survey, Department of the InteriorR Monterey Bay, seismic activity, earthquakes, coastal geology, mapping, fault zones Reporte 1) There are two major fault zones in the offshore Monterey Bay area: the Palo Colorado-San Gregorio fault zone and the Monterey Bay zone.
2) The offshore part of the Palo Colorado-San Gregorio fault zone has been mapped by other investigators; the southern part of the Monterey Bay fault zone has also been previously mapped
3) New detailed geophysical data are interpreted as indicating that these fault zones have had a long history.
4) Both zones are seismically active
5) Fault-plane solutions of eight recent earthquakes in these fault zones indicate that the accompanying fault displacement is similar to that on the San Andreas fault.
6) Judging from empirical relations between fault rupture length and magnitude of associated earthquakes on other faults, an earthquake of at least magnitude 7.2 to 7.9 could occur on the Palo Colorado-San Gregorio fault zone. G esf z?9
Greengo, R.E. 1951- Molluscan Species in California Shell Middens Berkeley University of California ?:
Greenwood, R. 19745 Archaeological survey at Moss Landing Marine Terminal Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State University archaeology, Moss Landing# Phase 2 Environmental Impact Report H not here
A?; Katie Alt Griffith 2008V The ecology of a parasitic plant and its host plant in a central California salt marsh 114 Ocean Sciences Ph. D.
Santa Cruz# University of California Santa Cruz Doctoral Dissertation June 2008% Parasitic plants are understudied despite their prevalence in natural
communities. Cuscuta salina, salt marsh dodder, grows in association with its
preferred host, Sarcocornia pacifica, in salt marshes along the western coast of the
United States. This dissertation is an experimental investigation of (1) the
distribution and abundance of C. salina, (2) the interaction between C. salina and S.
pacifica across multiple levels of nitrogen and salinity, and (3) the effect of artificial
tidal restrictions on marsh sediment and S. pacifica.
The distribution and abundance of C. salina in the Elkhorn Slough watershed
is constrained by abiotic conditions (mainly the intertidal and estuarine gradient), S.
pacifica quality (tissue salinity levels), and recruitment (in wrack deposits). Seed
germination is greatest in freshwater and declines with increasing salinity.
Germination also trends toward being lower at lower tidal heights. There is a greater
probability of a C. salina seedling establishing successfully on S. pacifica with
increasing tidal heights. This chapter demonstrates the importance of multiple factors
in determining pattern and process in C. salina distribution and abundance at Elkhorn
Slough.
The interaction between C. salina and S. pacifica was examined in the
greenhouse under 3 levels of nitrogen additions and 4 levels of salt additions.
Although C. salina did not affect S. pacifica biomass, it did significantly affect S.
pacifica tissue salinity and tissue nitrogen. However, these effects interacted with
salinity and nitrogen treatments. S. pacifica was also affected by a strong interaction
between nitrogen and salinity treatments. C. salina coiled more S. pacifica stems
under the two lower nitrogen treatment levels compared to the highest treatment
level. This chapter demonstrates the importance of the abiotic environment in
structuring this parasitic plant – host plant interaction.
The final chapter of this dissertation examines the effects of artificial tidal
restrictions on sediment and S. pacifica tissue. Tidal restriction affected sediment
quality, but not S. pacifica tissue quality. However, the large effects of spatial and
temporal variation associated with site, season and tidal height may exert an even
greater control over marsh dynamics than the effects of tidal restriction alone. PI http://library.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Griffith_2008.pdf Tod Newberry, Peter Raimondi pdf available at ESNERR ?< Griggs, G.B. 1973B Earthquake activity between Monterey and Half Moon Bay, California 103-110 California Geology 26i earthquakes, central California, coastal geology, marine, environmental science, seismic activity, faults The coastal areas of California are those where the concentrations of people, construction, and development are already high and are continually increasing. Seismic activity in the coastal area is also high. With aid of marine geological techniques such as seismic reflection profiling, and the increased interest in environmental geology, a more complete study of the coastal areas - both onshore and offshore - should be made to correlate seismic history and the evidence of recent tectonic activity. This kind of information should be made available to planners to aid in reducing the potential of disaster resulting from future seismic events. G esf Z?= Griggs, G.B. 19950 Monterey Bay, National Center for Marine Science 43-53 Sea Technology May: Monterey Bay, marine science, agencies, programs, research Uniqueness of the Bay Area attracts 18 marine science agencies/programs with budgets totaling $110 Million. This article summarized the research going on by the following agencies/programs:
Branch of Pacific Marine Geology, USGS
Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA
Ocean Application Branch, NOAA
Pacific Fisheries Environmental Group, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
Southwest Fisheries Center, NMFS, NOAA
National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, NOAA
Naval Postgraduate School
Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory
Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center, Navy
Monterey Bay Aquarium
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Long Marine Laboratory/ Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz
Oiled Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Facility, California Department of Fish and Game
Monterey Marine Resources Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Game
Marine Pollution Studies Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Game
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University System
Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve / Elkhorn Slough Foundation
Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University R esf ?> Grizzle, R.E.
Penniman, C.A. 1991 Effects of organic enrichment on estuarine macrofaunal benthos: A comparison of sediment profile imaging and traditional methods 249-262 Marine Ecology Progress Series 74 2-3 sediments, nutrient cycling, mudflats, invertebrates, Porifera, Polychaeta, Malacostraca, Annelids,Arthropods, Crustaceans, Ampelisca sp., Streblospio benedicti, Asychis elongata, Pollution Monitoring, Sewage, Core, Collection, Sediment profile imaging, estuarine, benthic, ecology Sediment profile imaging (SPI) is a technique that involves collecting data in the field on sedimentary conditions, particularly vertical variations at and below the sediment/water interface. SPI approaches were developed nearly 20 yr ago, but have not been widely used in routine pollution monitoring efforts, although their potential for saving time and money is great. The present report is a comparison to SPI and 'traditional' (which involves excising a sediment sample, removing the organisms, and identifying and further processing them in the laboratory) benthic sampling techniques used along an organic enrichment gradient in a temperate coastal lagoon. Twenty-four core samples were taken in summer 1985 along an enrichment gradient mainly resulting from the discharge of sewage effluents, and processed by traditional macrofaunal benthic methods. Coincidental with these cores, sediment samples were taken for various physicochemical analyses, and optically clear acrylic box core samples were taken and analyzed in the field for changes in redox potential, dominant benthic taxa and their relative abundances, and sedimentary features. Various univariate and multivariate analyses of the benthic and sedimentary data showed substantial, and expected, changes along the pollution gradient. The changes were similar to those reported from other coastal waters affected by organic wastes: an area nearest the pollution source with lowest taxa numbers (S), abundances (A) and biomass (B); and increased S, A and B with increasing distance from the pollution source. Small near-surface polychaetes (capitellids and Streblospio benedicti) and the amphipod Ampelisca sp. were numerical dominants at all sites, and large, deep-burrowing species (e.g. Asychis elongata) were only found at the least-enriched sites. SPI allowed identification of the dominant benthic taxa to useful levels (e.g. 'small near-surface dwelling annelids', 'large deep-burrowing polychaetes'), and location of the apparent color redox potential discontinuity (RPD) layer depth. The RPD ranged from about 1 cm at the site nearest the pollution source to .greater than or equal to. 4 cm at the 2 sites farthest away. The SPI data were as useful as the traditional data in delimiting the spatial extent of the pollution-impacted benthos. It is suggested that a variety of coring devices presently exist for quickly and efficiently obtaining SPI data, especially in shallow waters. G4 http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/74/m074p249.pdf 5~?? j Grosholz, E. D.
Ruiz, G. M. 1995r Spread and potential impact of the recently introduced European green crab, Carcinus maenas, in central California 239-247 Marine Biology 122 2 Clam, Potamocorbula amurensis, San Francisco Bay, California, Biological Invasions, Cerastoderma edule, Bivalves, Predation, Recruitment, invasive species, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Arthropoda, Crustacea, European green crab, Carcinus maenas, larval dispersal, human ecology, marine ecology, economic impact, species distribution, range expansion, Elkhorn Slough, estuarine, marine, benthic@ Our study examines the potential impact of the European green crab Carcinus maenas on communities of coastal embayments of western North America. We document the current distribution and range expansion of this species beyond San Francisco Bay, where C. maenas first became established along this coast in 1989-1990, and we test the effect of C. maenas predation on different species and sizes of infaunal invertebrates in field and laboratory experiments. In our samples from eight coastal locations in central California collected between June 1993 and May 1994, we found no green crabs at the two closest embayments south of San Francisco Bay and found the crabs in all four embayments sampled within 120 km north of San Francisco Bay, up to and including Bodega Harbor. C. maenas was not present in samples from sites farther north. This northward range expansion is apparently the result of larval recruitment by a single cohort, corresponding to the predominant northern transport of surface waters and the approximate distance water moves during larval green crab development. At Bodega Harbor, the current northern range limit, the C. maenas population is now well established and reproducing. Females and males became sexually mature within their first year at similar or equal to 40 mm carapace width, molting approximately monthly from summer through fall, and females were ovigerous in late fall of their first year at similar or equal to 50 mm. We expect larvae from this population to recruit locally and to the north, promoting episodic range extensions as new populations are established and reproduce. Enclosure experiments conducted during the summer of 1993 at the intertidal sandflats of Bodega Harbor showed that C. maenas significantly reduced densities of the most abundant taxa, including the bivalves Transennella confusa and T. tantilla, the cumacean Cumella vulgaris, and the amphipod Corophium sp. Furthermore, Carcinus maenas selectively removed larger (>3 mm) rather than smaller (<1 mm) Transennella spp. in both field and laboratory experiments. Based on the available data from this and other studies of green crabs, and our 10 yr study of community dynamics at Bodega Harbor, we predict C. maenas will significantly alter community structure, ecological interactions, and evolutionary processes in embayments of western North America. I pdf available at ESNERR sp esf?@ Y Grosholz, E. D.
Ruiz, G. M. 1996 Predicting the impact of introduced marine species: Lessons from the multiple invasions of the European green crab Carcinus maenas 59-66 Biological Conservation 78 1-2 Bottom-up, Wadden Sea, Top-Down, California, Dispersal, Organisms, Predators, body size, Carcinus maenas, diet preference, ecological impact, habitat usage, invasions, rate of spread, introduced species, Invertebrates, Crustacea, invasive species, Conservation, Diet Preference, European Green Crab, Range Expansion, western North America, eastern North America, South Africa, estuarine, rocky shores, marine, ecology We compared ecological characteristics of three spatially independent invasions of the European green crab Carcinus maenas to determine which characteristics were most consistent across invasions, and hence would be most predictable in future invasions. For invasions in western North America (WNA), eastern North America (ENA), and South Africa (SAF), we compared five characteristics: (1) habitat usage, (2) diet preferences, (3) size of individuals, (4) rate of range expansion, and (5) demonstrated and potential impacts. We found that two characteristics, diet preference and ecological impact were relatively similar across the three invasions. Diet preference was particularly consistent with the rank order of taxa being virtually identical at the three sites. In contrast, habitat usage, individual size, and rate of range expansion were more variable. Differences in habitat usage and size were particularly evident in the WNA invasion, where C. maenas have failed to colonize protected and exposed rocky shores used elsewhere and have grown much larger than at other sites. We suggest that the degree of similarity of these characteristics across invasions provides a valuable measure of how predictable they will be in future invasions I pdf available at ESNERR esf ?A
7 Habitat Restoration Group,
John Stanley and Associates, 1990Q Moss Landing North Harbor Expansion, Phase 1: Preliminary mitigation alternatives 1-29 Davis, CA- Prepared for the Moss Landing Harbor District human impacts; marine M?B
7 Habitat Restoration Group,
John Stanley and Associates, 19918 Moss Landing south harbor restoration project monitoring Davis, CA Moss Landing Harbor District& restoration; human impacts; monitoring First Annual Report M not here c?C Haderlie, E.C. 1970. Influence of pesticide run-off in Monterey Bay 42-43 Marine Pollution Bulletin 1 3 Monterey Bay, DDT, aquatic toxicology, pollution, birds, sealions, sediment, DDE, Salinas River, marine, benthic, invertebrates, hydrology Looked at effects of pesticides (such as DDE, DDT, heavy metals) on organisms ( including cormorants, grebes, petrels, gulls, sealions, mole crabs) in Monterey Bay and Salinas River. Also looks at levels in the sediments. Mi http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6N-488Y6WD-10R&_user=10&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F1970&_rdoc=11&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235819%231970%23999989996%23413329%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5819&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=15&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=6de8f8d49ec502fa278a420a97ae9d0d esf ?D Hall, Melinda Anne 2000 Species composition and temporal and spatial characteristics of fish assemblages surveyed at Old Salinas River and Bennet Slough, California 1-54+ Southampton College, Long Island University Elkhorn Slough, fish, Old Salinas River, Bennet Slough, estuarine, shallow marsh, benthic, pelagic, ecology, spatial and temporal composition, fish assemblages, monitoring, baseline characterization
Senior Thesis A survey of the fish assemblages of Old Salinas River and Bennet Slough, California was carried out to determine and compare the composition of these assemblages between locations and seasons. Six samples were taken between July 17th, 2000 and August 16th, 2000 using gillnets and minnow traps set at low tide and left for approximately 12 hours. Fish were identified and measurements were taken (Total Length, Standard Length, and Disc Width). A total of 364 fish from 11 species were collected. The catch at Old Salinas River was dominated by Cymatogaster aggregata (83.1%), and the catch at Bennet Slough was dominated by Leptocottus armatus (91.0%). Leptocottus armatus was the only species caught at both sites. The sites exhibited 15.85% similarity. Old Salinas River had a diversity of 0.84, evenness of 0.52, richness of 5, abundance of 193, and overall dominance of 0.56. Bennet Slough had a diversity of 0.43, evenness of 0.24, richness of 6, abundance of 171, and overall dominance of 0.82. F esf N?E
Hampson, P.
Breschini, G. 1982 Preliminary archaeological reconnaissance for three proposed tank installations at the PG&E Power Plant, Moss Landing, California Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State University4 archaeology; Moss Landing; California; human impacts Report H, M not here _?F
j ' D. Hanan
J. Scholl
M. Herder
K. Waldron 1983Q Harbor Seal, Phoca vitulina richardsi Censuses in California, April and June 1983 76 pp., harbor seal; Vertebrates; California; marine V Elkhorn Slough Is (?) #164 esf ?G
Hanan, D. A. 1985| California Department of Fish and Game, coastal marine mammal study, Annual Report for the period July 1, 1982-June 30, 1983 1-76 La Jolla, CA= Southwest Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Serviceq marine mammals, sharks, fisheries management, marine ecology, California, distribution, abundance, marine ecology Administrative Report This report decribes ongoing research projects of California Fish and Game's coastal marine mammal study. These projects are part of a cooperative effort with National Marine Fisheries Service to identify sources of marine mammal/fisheries interactions and conflicts. Once identified, we are searching for means to ameliorate or mitigate the interations. The study has also participated in efforts to determine the status of marine mammal stocks off California by investigating their numbers, distributions, and migratory patterns.
Presented in this report are the results of the two-1983 harbor seal censes, a description of the shark drift gillnet obseravtion program, the results of radio tagging harbor seals at the Klamath River, and the results of acoustic harassment tests. V LJ-85-10C esf ?H
Hanan, D. A. 1985| California Department of Fish and Game, coastal marine mammal study, Annual Report for the period July 1, 1984-June 30, 1985 1-44 La Jolla, CA= Southwest Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Serviceq marine mammals, sharks, fisheries management, marine ecology, California, distribution, abundance, marine ecology Administrative Reporti This report presents results of ongoing research projects by California Fish and Game's coastal marine mammal project. These projects are part of a cooperative effort with National Marine Fisheries Service to identify and monitor interactions between marine mammals and fisheries. In addition, project personnel have participated in cooperative efforts to determine the status of marine mammal stocks off California by investigating abundance, distributions, and migratory patterns.
Presented in this report are the results of the 1985 harbor seal censes and the shark/swordfish drift gill net obseravtion program. V missing pages 9-26 esf \ ?I j Hand, C.
Steinberg, J. 1955a On the occurrence of the nudibranch Alderia modesta (Loven, 1844) on the central California coast 22-28 The Nautilis 69 1 nudibranchs, Alderia modestra, invertebrates, central California, Mollusca, Opisthobranchia, distribution, zoogeography, systematics, morphology, Reproduction, Physiology, Elkhorn Slough, marsh, intertidal, benthicY Alderia modesta has long been known from the coasts of northern Europe. It has been recorded from as far north as the Trondheim Fjord in Norway, south to Skibbereen in Ireland and on the French coast. Therefore, it has been of considerable interest to us to find well-established populations of an Alderia in two localities on the central Californian coast. We have compared specimens of Alderia modesta from both Belgium and Denmark with specimens collected by us from the California localities. The results of these comparisons have shown the Alderia from California to be identical with A. modesta. I esfD ?J
Hannan, Cheryl A. 1979 A study to develop standard procedures for life-history analyses of benthic invertebrates for biological monitoring in marine and estuarine environments 1-484. California State Water Resources Control Board Marine, invertebrates, Research Publication I not here No. 63w|?K $ Hansel, Colleen M.
Francis, Chris A. 2006h Coupled photochemical and enzymatic Mn(II) oxidation pathways of a planktonic Roseobacter-like bacterium 3543-3549& Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72 5 MayL Bacteria belonging to the Roseobacter clade of the alpha-Proteobacteria occupy a wide range of environmental niches and are numerically abundant in coastal waters. Here we reveal that Roseobacter-like bacteria may play a previously unrecognized role in the oxidation and cycling of manganese (Mn) in coastal waters. A diverse array of Mn(II) -oxidizing Roseobacter-like species were isolated from Elkhorn Slough, a coastal estuary adjacent to Monterey Bay in California. One isolate (designated AzwK-3b), in particular, rapidly oxidizes Mn(II) to insoluble Mn(HI, M oxides. Interestingly, AzwK-3b is 100% identical (at the 16S rRNA gene level) to a previously described Pfiesteria -associated Roseobacter-like bacterium, which is not able to oxidize Mn(H). The rates of manganese(H) oxidation by live cultures and cell-free filtrates are substantially higher when the preparations are incubated in the presence of light.The rates of oxidation by washed cell extracts, however, are light independent. Thus, AzwK-3b invokes two Mn(II) oxidation mechanisms when it is incubated in the presence of light, in contrast to the predominantly direct enzymatic oxidation in the dark. In the presence of light, production of photochemically active metabolites is coupled with initial direct enzymatic Mn(II) oxidation, resulting in higher Mn(II) oxidation rates. Thus, Roseobacter-like bacteria may not only play a previously unrecognized role in Mn(II) oxidation and cycling in coastal surface waters but also induce a novel photooxidation pathway that provides an alternative means of Mn(II) oxidation in the photic zone. pdf available at ESNERR 0099-2240 BIOSIS:PREV200600461281 ?L
Hansen, J. 1968> Foraminifera of Elkhorn Slough: Their ecology and distribution Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Protozoa, foraminiferans Unpublished Student Report P not here ?M
Hansen, J. 1976. Moro Cojo environmental analysis - Pilot study 1-1224 California Central Coast Regional Coastal Commission Moro Cojo; human impacts;! Soil Control Lab Technical Report M not here No. 76-4 ?N Harding, Elaine Kathleen 2000n Landscape heterogeneity and its importance for community dynamics and conservation of a marsh-grassland system 131 pp.# Department of Environmental Studies Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz Elkhorn Slough, vertebrates, mammals, birds, raptors, voles, rodent, terrestrial, estuary, salt marsh, grassland, ecology, demography, stable isotopes, foraging, conservation, connectivity, landscape ecology Ph.D. Dissertation While movement and habitat heterogeneity are of increasing theoretical and conservation interest, few studies have addresses the effect of seasonal inter-habitat movements for communities utilizing two adjacent habitats. I assessed the importance of such movements of Microtus californicus, a common herbivorous rodent, and its avian predators, across a salt marsh and grassland landscape in coastal California. I experimentally limited movement of voles and measured their demographic responses over a 28-month period. To assess whether predation influenced seasonal habitat use by voles, I conducted a one-year study of the foraging patterns of avian predators across the two habitats. Further, I utilized stable isotope analysis to determine if predator success changed temporally across the marsh-grassland landscape. Using a simulation modeling approach, I asked if short-term movements of voles translated into increased population growth.
Seasonal habitat use by voles was evident in the control plots, with individuals preferentially inhabiting grassland during the winter and spring. As the grassland senesced during the summer and fall months, use of the marsh habitat increased. When access was limited in the experimental barrier plots, vole populations experienced reduced survival and reproduction, particularly during the fall period.
As rodent populations shifted from dry grassland into salt marsh during the summer, raptors also increased their movements into this habitat, although not as strongly as predicted by vole abundance. Additionally, N isotope composition in vole bone collagen reflected their diet, allowing a classification of their habitat origins along a gradient from salt marsh to grassland. Isotope values of predated voles indicated that a higher percentage of voles were taken from grassland in the spring/summer period than expected. Thus, the marsh provided a temporal refuge from predation during the summer.
The importance of inter-habitat access was supported by the modeling simulations, with long-term population growth higher in connected landscapes than in the isolated ones. This study demonstrates that marsh-grassland linkages provide increased resources for voles, translating into an increased prey base for the broader predator community that depends on this species. Thus, efforts to preserve or restore these habitat must consider policy mechanisms that conserve the natural connectivity of these communities. M esf ?O
Harding Lawson Associates, 1997{ Sediment sampling and analysis plan: southern Q dock and MBARI dock, Moss Landing Harbor District, Moss Landing, California Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Harbor District* sediment; mbari; Moss Landing; California; G not here
?P Harrington, Neil Eric 1999 A yearlong study of nitrification potential, bacterial abundance and productivity in the sediments of Elkhorn Slough, California 1-62 Department of Marine Science Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz Estuarine ecology, California, Elkhorn Slough, Marine sediments, Nitrification, Biogeochemical cycles, bacterial, microbial sediments, nitrification potential, bacterial productivity, bacterial abundance, thiram M.S. Thesis: Estuarine microbial sediment communities are important habitats for heterotrophic bacteria and nitrifiers and thus are important areas for organic matter degradation and nitrogen cycling. These processes were the subject of this study, which was carried out in Elkhorn Slough which contains multiple land uses in its watershed. Surface sediments at three sites with varying levels of agriculture influence were sampled monthly between Nov 1997 and Oct 1998. In order to assess changes in populations and activities of bacteria involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling, we measured nitrification potential, bacterial productivity, bacterial abundance, concentration of thiram (a fungicide), and ancillary hydrographic and chemical data. Nitrification potential, as measured by ammonium oxidation in sediment slurries, varied significantly among sites as well as seasonally within each site. At Hidden Pond on the Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Research Reserve, nitrification potential was measured at about 0.7 micromol NO2- (g wet wt sediment d)-1 throughout the spring, but was essentially zero at all other times. Potential nitrification was low throughout the study (a maximal peak of 0.4 micromol NO2- (g wet wt sediment d)-1 at Azevedo Ranch, a constricted tidal pond, bordered by agriculture. Nitrification potential at the other site, a tidal creek, was more variable through the year and had two peaks (in early spring and in summer) of about 1.5 micromol NO2- (g wet wt sediment d)-1 , Thiram, a known nitrification inhibitor, was detected in some of the sediments but was not correlated with nitrification potential. Bacterial production varied similarly over the seasons at all sites and was maximal in the early autumn. Bacterial abundance ranged between 3.8 x 108 and 4.8 x 109 cells (g wet wt sediment d)-1 and was similar at all three sites. Bacterial productivity was positively correlated with temperature. Nitrification potential, bacterial abundance and productivity were not correlated with one another. These results imply that total heterotrophic bacterial activity and nitrification potential are controlled by different environmental variables. Clearly, seasonal variations in temperature and salinity alone are not sufficient to explain the patterns observed here, and probably more complex chemical and biological interactions are important. Z esfg?Q Harris, R.L. Jr. 1994 Application of NOAA's coastwatch change analysis project for wetland and upland change detection in the Elkhorn Slough watershed 1-1191 Department of Geography and Environmental Studies San Jose, CA San Jose State University Elkhorn Slough, wetlands, estuaries, watershed geography, upland areas, terrestrial, habitat change, environmental studies, remote sensing, GIS, vegitation M.S. Thesis The NOAA Coastwatch Change Analysis Project (C-CAP) guidelines for classification and change comparison of U.S. estuarine drainage areas were applied in the Elkhorn Slough watershed, California. The C-CAP classification scheme was used to interpret 1990 Landsat Thermatic Mapper (TM) image data of the watershed into 12 required C-CAP classes. The overall accuracy of the C-CAP classification was 86.84%, exceeding the 85% requirement. TM data were effective for the classification of large wetland and upland areas greater than 85.5 x 85.5 meters. Post-classification change comparison using the 1990 C-CAP data and 1972 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetland Inventory in a GIS was an effective method for change detection in wetland areas. The C-CAP guidelines, with modifications for West Coast ecosystems, can guide inventory, documentation, and analysis of habitat change in Californian coastal drainage areas. M esf ?R
Harrison, L. 1980V Moss Landing marine terminal oil spill contingency plan and terminal operations manual 1-106 PG&E. Moss Landing; oil spill; human impacts; marine M not here ?S
E. W. Hart 1966: Mines and Mineral Resources of Monterey County, California 1-142( California Division of Mines and Geology" minerals, geology, monterey county
County Report Monterey County encompasses a 3,324-square-mile area that lies totally within the Coast Ranges. Its rugged terrain is accented by the Santa Lucia Range which rises abruptly from the Pacific Ocean to an elevation of 5,844 feet. The broad, alluviated Salinas Valley separates that range from the Gabilan and Diablo Ranges to the northeast. Although the region is quite mountainous, agriculture is the foremost industry, accounting for well over $100,000,000 production yearly. Other important industries include mining, and manufacturing based on agriculture and mining. The county also is noted for its natural beauty, early California history, and culture. Most of the 198,824 inhabitants are concentrated in the Salinas-Monterey Bay-Carmel Valley area where the climate is quite mild. G 5 esf ?T
X Hart, Mary Ann 1965f Special problems in ecological physiology: Respiration and natural history studies of the genus Macoma 43+ pp.+ Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Elkhorn Slough, Bennet Slough, macoma, biochemistry, physiology, natural history, benthic, marine, estuarine Unpublished Student Report9 The pelecypod genus Macoma is represented by four species in the marine estuary, Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County California. The organisms of the infauna are subjected to conditions of lowered oxygen availability as the tide recedes, leaving their habitats exposed above water. The question - do Macoma secta and Macoma nasuta establish an oxygen debt? is examined. Distribution of the macomas in the north area of Elkhorn Slough, natural history and observations of Macoma secta and Macoma nasuta are examined. The field work was carried out from July 8 - Aug 14, 1965 I only have TOC and introduction
get copy from Hopkins: QL430.7 .T35 H3; report has great pictures of area near Elkhorn Slough Yacht Club esf ?U
Harvey and Stanley Associates, 1985( Resource management of Moss Landing area 1-773 John Gilchrist and the Moss Landing Harbor District Moss Landing; resources; marine M not here +?V
Harvey, H.T. 1977 Some ecological aspects of Elkhorn Slough and the effects of harbor expansion. Ecology, development, coastal and marine engineering, environmental impacts Moss Landing HarborC Elkhorn Slough; harbor; human impacts; marine; environmental impact M not here T ?W
j Harvey, J. T.
Eguchi, T. 1997T Effects of ATOC Sounds on the Harbor Seal, Phoca vitulina Richardsi, in Monterey Bay 59 pp. Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesF Underwater sound; Seals(Stoppers); Aquatic animals; Seals(Mammals); Sound generators; Sunset; Depth; Variables; California; Night; Monitors; Behavior; Range(Distance); Heart rate; Beaches; Low frequency; Harbors; Diving; Transmission loss; Submarine canyons; Seamounts;
Phoca vitulina richardsi; Vertebrates; Chordates; birds Technical Publication
8 Mar 1997 The purpose of this study was to determine any effects of ATOC signals (low frequency sounds) on the diving behavior and heart rate of harbor seals near Point Sur, California. Harbor seals (n=149; 92 males, 57 females) were captured in Elkhorn Slough, California between June 1994 and November 1996. To determine diving and foraging behavior, time-depth-recorders (TDRs) and radio tags were placed on 33 harbor seals and 19 also outfitted with heart rate monitors. Radio-tagged harbor seals occasionally moved from Elkhorn Slongh to haul-out sites at Ano Nucvo, Monterey, Point Lobos. Yankee Point, and Point Sur, all returned to the slough. Harbor seals fed on the oceanic shelf, along the shelf break of the Monterey Submarine Canyon, and off Sunset State Beach. Twenty-eightTDRs were recovered (n=16,403 dives), more dives were recorded at night (mean=574 dives) than daytime (mean=337 dives). There was no difference in the duration or depth of dives between daytime and nighttime. Harbor seal dives sometimes exceeded 500 m depth and 30 min duration. Because of variable heart rates and the behavior of seals we were unable to determine if there was any effect of the ATOC-like sounds projected toward harbor seals underwater. Based on transmission loss, depth of dive, and distance harbor seal occur from shore, we concluded there is negligible chance that harbor seals would be affected by the ATOC sound source on Pioneer Seamount. V MLML-TP-9719?X 3 Harvey, James T.
Helm, Roger C.
Morejohn, G. Victor 1995A Food habits of harbor seals inhabiting Elkhorn Slough, California 1-9 California Fish and Game 81 1 Estuarine, ecology, Nutrition, Wildlife management, Phocidae, Pinnipedia, Mammalia, Phoca vitulina, Pinnipeds, Haul out site, Animal Behavior, Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, marine, Diet Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are one of the most ubiquitous marine mammals off California, yet few researchers have described their food habits in California (Bonnot 1951, Daugherty 1965, Antonelis and Fiscus 1980, Bowlby 1981, Jones 1981, Shaffer 1989, Hanson 1993). Bonnot (1951) did not cite the origin of his information, and Daugherty (1965) only recounted statements of Bonnot. Jones (1981) reported the contents of 12 harbor seals stranded along the central California coast, whereas the other studies were conducted on San Miguel Island (Antonelis and Fiscus 1980), northern California (Bowlby 1981, Shaffer 1989), or just north of San Francisco (Hanson 1993). Our results offer additional data regarding food habits of harbor seals off central California in Monterey Bay. Elkhorn Slough is a small embayment (approximately 1,000 hectares of tidal flats and salt marshes) in Monterey Bay (Fig. 1). The course of the slough extends about 4 km inland, and its axial length is approximately 10 km. A 100-m wide channel, which reaches a maximum depth of about 5 m, runs along most of the main course. Approximately 2 km from the slough mouth, the main course of the slough makes a wide "horseshoe bend"; on the inside of this bend are two mud terraces that rise sharply from the water. This area, called "seal bend", was used exclusively by harbor seals as a haul-out site for more than 60 years (A. Vierra, past resident of Moss Landing, CA, pers. comm., 1977). Seal bend was abandoned between 1984 and 1988 after a nearby dike was breached presenting harbor seals with a more isolated haul-out area in the slough. Currently harbor seals use three sites but not the area at seal bend. V not here go get at sci. lib esf ?Y
Harvey, T. 1977 Shorebird feeding behavior 1-19 Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesZ birds, elkhorn Slough, feeding behavior, feeding ecology, predation, prey, benthic, marine Unpublished Student Report 1) Shorebird feeding behavior and invertebrate stratification were studiedin Elkhorn Slough on 11 October, 1977.
2) Feeding techniques were defined as : single peck, multiple pecks, single probe, multiple probes.
3) Core samples were taken to determine invertebrate distributionin the three microhabitats: dry mud, wet mud, mud/water interface, underwater
4) all four feeding behaviors were represented among the birdsstudied and area discussed in detail.
5) the distribution of invertebrates is examined in terms of shorebird predation and possible diets are suggested.
6) relationships between bird densities, feeding activities and available food are discussed. B esf?Z
Harvey, T. E. 1980) California Clapper Rail survey, 1978-1979 1-22S California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Endangered Species Programb Brids, Clapper Rail, endangered species, ecology, distribution, biogeography, abundance, estuaries Final Report A survey of the California Clapper Rail was conducted from Dec 1978 through July 1979i the San Francisco, Monterey, and Morro Bay areas. Several areas of high abundance were censused as well as some localities int he periphery of the Clapper Rail's range. Nonbreeding season densities of rails in South San Francisco Bay appeared to be higher than those found in the early 1970's. In Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, a population of at least two pairs produced a minimum of two young. In Suisun Marsh, Solano County, an estimated population of 25 rails was present through the breeding season. No rails wre found at Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County. B multiple copies (2) Job V-1.8 esf %?[ Harvey, T.E. 1982P The ecology of three larids breeding in the Elkhorn Slough saltponds, California 1-108 Department of Biology San Francisco, CA San Francisco State UniversityS larids, saltponds, Elkhorn Slough, birds, reproductive ecology, foraging strategies M.A. Thesis Breeding strategies and food habits of Forster's terns, Caspian terns, and western gulls in the Monterey Salt Company salt ponds were investigated during the summers of 1978-1980. Breeding success and development of young were studied by monitoring each nest site and banding all young. Food habits were characterized through collection of rejected and regurgitated prey found in nesting colonies. Mean fledging rates were similar for the three species while the more quickly-nesting Forster's tern invested greater energy into egg production. Within gull broods, abundant food allowed siblings to fare similarly while secure nest sites probably limit this population. The relatively slower growth of culmens and wings in the two terns may figure in prolonged parental care within this subfamily. Caspian terns took larger individuals of a greater diversity of fishes, while Forster's terns concentrated on fewer prey species. Breeding efforts coincided with arrival of young fishes in Elkhorn Slough. B esf ?\
Harville, J.P. 1968[ Prepared statement to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, re: Moss Landing Harbor Development 1-23+ Human Activity; human impacts; moss landing June 3, 1968 M not here ?]
Harville, J.P. 19716 Kaiser Refractories environmental studies final report 1-178 Moss Landing,CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Moss Landing, Monterey Bay, oceanography, sediment analysis, invertebrates, clam, crustaceans, dredge spoil, fishes, pollution, environmental impact, effluent Technical PublicationK In September 1967 the Moss Landing Marine Labs undertook a long range study of potential effects of Kaiser Refractories industrial effluent upon the marine environment of the Moss Landing area. These investigations followed three primary thrusts:
1) determination of the physical characteristics and dynamics of the water mass in the proposed outfall area, and assessment of bottom structure, sediments, and sediment transport characteristics of the area.
2) Biological investigations of bottom fauna of the proposed outfall area, with ancillary studies of plankton, fishes, and intertidal fauna
3) Field and laboratory studies of the impact of various dilutions of Kaiser effluent upon selected bioindicator plant and animal species.
In Chapter I the results of these more than 3 years of study area summarized according to the following plan. First, the characteristics of the potential receiving area are reviewed as these relate to development of an ocean outfall. Second, the characteristics of the Kaiser effluent are outlined, based upon field studies in Monterey Bay and the Moro Cojo waste water receiving basin and on careful analysis in the chemistry lab. Third, the impact of this effluent on selected organisms are assessed. Fourth, specific recommendations are offered concerning outfall construction to minimize negative environmental impact.
Chapter II details the chemical oceanography studies of Dr. Broenkow.
Chapter III provides Dr. Arnal's review of geologic and sedimentological materials.
Chapter IV provides a summary of biological conclusions by Dr. Nybakken.
Chapter V offers new research by two Kaiser Research Assistants, one dealing with further studies of the benthic communities of the Moss Landing areas, the other with effects of Kaiser effluent on Pismo clams.
Chapter VI reviews pertinent studies from earlier progress reports. M 71-3 esf ?^
Harville, J. P. 1971M Environmental studies of Monterey Bay and the Central California coastal zone 1-190 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Marine biology, Coasts, Bays, California, Environmental surveys, Climatology, Meteorology, Oceanography, Sedimentology, Fishes, Plankton, Benthos, Diving, Research projects, Data processing, Sea Grant program, Monterey Bay Jul 1971 The first four sections of the report provide detailed information concerning major subdivisions of the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories data collection program: sea-air-land zone of contact, Monterey Bay, Elkhorn Slough, and the Pajaro River. These sections also outline procedures for the data collection program. Subsequent sections outline procedures for data analysis by discipline: fishes, benthic invertebrates, plankton, and sediment analysis. Final sections outline organizational and operational procedures. R not here NOAA71092818 ̈́?_
; Harville, J. P.
Davidson, G. A.
Hansen, J. C.
Mayer, D.L. 19686 Moss Landing dredge spoil monitoring program 1967-1968 1-55 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories> Monterey Bay, sediment, dredge,invertebrates, infauna, benthic) Report for Moss Landing Harbor Commissionu Deposition of dredge spoil off of the end of the Sandholdt pier does produce significant immediate degradation of the local marine environment as shown by the following measurable results:
1) significant temporary filling of the bay at the point of deposition.
2) Destruction of certain significant elements of the marine fauna
3) High consumption of oxygen in the immediate area due to high biochemical oxygen demand of the large amounts of decaying organic matter in the dredge spoil
4) Interference with total productivity of the immediate area due to turbidity of water
5) Some impact on areas well removed from disposal site as the dredge spoil sediments are borne elsewhere by strong water currents.
However many of these deleterious effects appaer to be serious in their impact on the environment for a relatively short period of time. Therefore, total negative effect upon the immediate marine environment as a result of this particulary relativelysmal dredging operation can be considered significant for the period during and immediately after dredge spoil deposition, but probably not particularly signifianct after winter storms. M multiple copies (2) esf D ?`
Harwin, R. Let's Go Birdwatching birds B esf ?a Haskins, J. 2002* Water quality monitoring in Elkhorn Slough 14 Ecosystem Observations 2002& Monterey Bay National Marine SanctuaryX Elkhorn Slough, agriculture, restoration, human impact, chemistry, pollution, management Describes the water quality programs at ESNERR (volunteer and national, system-wide monitoring), monitoring dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, conductivity, depth, turbidity, and nutrients. M esf ?b
Hatcher, Gerry 1998 GIS data of the Monterey Bay 1 computer optical disc Moss Landing, CA( Monterey Bay Aquarium Research InstituteO Monterey Bay, Maps, Databases, Bathymetric maps, Geographic information systemsi A compilation of data and imagery of the Monterey Bay area, including coastline, imagery, and bathymetry. R not here G4362.M7.C2 1998 M66
?c Hawkins, S.J.
Southward, A.J. 1992D The Torrey Canyon oil spill: Recovery of the rocky shore communities 583-631) Restoring the Nation's Marine Environment Thayer, G.W. College Park, MD Maryland Sea Grant restoration; marine M not here ?d Hayes, G.F.
Holl, K.D. 2003c Cattle Grazing Impacts on Annual Forbs and Vegetation Composition of Mesic Grasslands in California 1694-1702 Conservation Biology 17 6I http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00281.xf?e j [ Hayes, S.A.
Kumar, A.
Costa, D.P.
Mellinger, D.K.
Harvey, J.T.
Southall, B.L.
Le Boef, B.J. 2004c Evaluating the function of the male harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, roar through playback experiments 1133-1139 Animal Behavior 67 K?f
Hayes, S.P.
Phillips, P.T. 1985O California State Mussel Watch Marine Water Quality Monitoring Program 1983-1984 1-174 Sacramento, CA# State Water Resources Control Board Invertebrates, Molluscs, Bivalves, biomonitoring, pollution, aquatic toxicology, Moss Landing Harbor, Elkhorn Slough, marine, coast, bay, estuary Water Quality Monitoring Report The California State Mussel Watch (SMW) program for the 1983-84 involved monitoring toxic pollutant levels in resident and transplanted California mussels at 89 stations from coastal, bay, and estuarine areas. Mussel tissue samples were analyzed for up to 60 synthetic organic compounds and up to 13 trace metals. In addition to routine statewide coastal monitoring, expanded surveys were conducted at 13 locations. Survey results indicated: 1) elevated chromium, PCP, and alpha-HCH levels in Humboldt Bay, 2) somewhat elevated cadmium, dieldrin, gamma-HCH, and endosulfan levels in south San Francisco Bay, 3) elevated dacthal, toxaphene, endosulfan I, and DDT levels in portions of the Moss Landing Harbor drainage, 4) elevated levels of lead in Monterey Harbor, 5) high chromium, copper, lead, mercury, zinc, DDT, and PCB levels in the inner harbor regions of the Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor comples, 6) elevated trace metal, dieldrin, DDT, and toxaphene levels in the southeastern portion of Anaheim Bay, 7) elevated copper, cadmium, mercury, lead, zinc, DDT, chlordane, toxaphene, PCB 1248, and PCB 1254 levels in various areas of Newport Bay, 8) elevated aluminum, cadmium, lead, zinc, chlordane, aldrin, and dieldrin levels in Mission Bay, and 9) elevated levels of PCBs and many trace metalsi north San Diego Bay, elevated silver levels in the Point Loma area, and elevated copper, lead, and zince levels at an ore transfer facility in mid-San Diego Bay. I No. 85-2 WQ esf 5?g
Hayes, S.P.
Phillips, P.T. 1985O California State Mussel Watch Marine Water Quality Monitoring Program 1984-1985 Sacramento, CA# State Water Resources Control Board: Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalve, biomonitoring, pollution Water Quality Monitoring Report I not here
No. 85-2WQ4 ?h
Hayes, S.P.
Phillips, P.T. 1986O California State Mussel Watch Marine Water Quality Monitoring Program 1985-1986 Sacramento, CA# State Water Resources Control Board9 Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalve,biomonitoring, pollution Water Quality Monitoring Report I not here
No. 86-3WQ ?i Hayward, Ida Rickard 19311 The marsh and aquatic plants of the Pajaro Valley 1-57 Department of Botany
Palo Alto, CA Stanford University' Estuaries; plants; pajaro valley; marsh M.S. Thesis P not here ?j # Heiman, KW; Vidargas, N; Micheli, F 2008 Non-native habitat as home for non-native species: comparison of communities associated with invasive tubeworm and native oyster reefs 9 Aquatic Biology 2 Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Ostrea conchaphila, Elkhorn Slough, Biological invasion, Biogenic habitat, Invasion meltdown, Non-native species, Introduced species
March 5, 2008 Introduction vectors for marine non-native species, such as oyster culture and boat fouling,
often select for organisms dependent on hard substrates during some or all life stages. In softsediment estuaries, hard substrate is a limited resource, which can increase with the introduction of hard habitat-creating non-native species. Positive interactions between non-native, habitat-creating species and non-native species utilizing such habitats could be a mechanism for enhanced invasion success. Most previous studies on aquatic invasive habitat-creating species have demonstrated positive responses in associated communities, but few have directly addressed responses of other nonnative species. We explored the association of native and non-native species with invasive habitatcreating species by comparing communities associated with non-native, reef-building tubeworms Ficopomatus enigmaticus and native oysters Ostrea conchaphila in Elkhorn Slough, a central California
estuary. Non-native habitat supported greater densities of associated rganisms—primarily
highly abundant non-native amphipods (e.g. Monocorophium insidiosum, Melita nitida), tanaid (Sinelebus sp.), and tube-dwelling polychaetes (Polydora spp.). Detritivores were the most common trophic group, making up disproportionately more of the community associated with F. enigmaticus than was the case in the O. conchaphila community. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed that native species’ community structure varied significantly among sites, but not between biogenic habitats.
In contrast, non-natives varied with biogenic habitat type, but not with site. Thus, reefs of the invasive tubeworm F. enigmaticus interact positively with other non-native species. I pdf available at ESNERR 47-56 ?k Heiman, K.W. 2006j Hard Substrate as a Limiting Resource Structuring Invaded Communities within a Central Californian Estuary 135 Biological Sciences Palo Alto Stanford University Ph.D.B http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Heiman_2006.pdf ?l
Heimlich-Boran, J.R. 1988> Marine resources and human activities in the Monterey Bay area 1-123: Marine Habitat Program, Center for Environmental Educationi Elkhorn Slough, review, evaluation, sanctuary, impacts, Monterey Bay, living resources, human activities Report This report shows that Monterey Bay represents a unique environment, substantially different from existing California Marine Sanctuaries in the Channel Islands and the Gulf of the Farallones, and contains significant resources and critical habitats which would greatly benefit from sanctuary designation. The overall diversity of habitats within such a restricted area makes the area highly suitable to sanctuary designation. Although Monterey Bay has existing programs protecting some areas, there are significant areas which are not protected at all ( the submarine canyon, nearshore benthic and pelagic habitats, and the entire rocky intertidal region of the Santa Cruz County coast). The extensive human use activities show that this area is already utilized as a critical commercial and recreational resource. Sanctuary designation could help ensure the protection of multiple uses as specified in the site identification criteria. The Monterey Bay Marine Sanctuary could help coordinate existing efforts while standardizing the protection of the region as a whole. Economic and management concerns could be enhanced by coordinating efforts for enforcement, research, and interpretive goals with existing programs. M esf?m Herald, E.S. 1953^ The 1952 shark derbies at Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, and at Coyote Point, San Francisco Bay 237-243 California Fish and Game 39 fishing, sharks, shark derby, Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, San Francisco Bay, Vertebrates, Chordates, elasmobranches, marine, estuarine, pelagic, catch returns2 This note summarizes the sharks and rays caught at the Elkhorn Slough and Coyote Point shark derbies. The species caught in Elkhorn Slough included: leopard shark, shovelnose guitarfish, gray smoothhound, bat ray, thornback, and round stingray. Includes catch data for the months of May, June, and July. F esf ?n
Herald, E. S. 1960Z Catch records for seventeen shark derbies held at Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 59-67 California Fish and Game 46 fishing, sharks, shark derby, Elkhorn Slough, Vertebrates, Chordates, elasmobranches, fish, marine, estuarine, size distribution, sex ratio Data are presented on the 2,273 elasmobranch fishes caught at the 17 shark derbies held at Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California (1951-1959). In order of abundance there were 1,071 bat rays, 636 shovelnose guitarfish, 546 leopard sharks, 10 round stingrays, 5 gray smoothhound, 3 brown smoothhound, and 2 thornbacks. Elkhorn Slough was indicated as the northernmost extent of range for the round stingray, gray smoothhound and thornback.
A new record weight of 209 pounds was recognized for the bat ray. Females of this species weighted 50 pounds before achieving sexual maturity, whereas the males rarely weighed more than 27 pounds, and are probably matured at 10 lbs.
The shovelnose guitarfish had an atypical sex ratio with almost two females for every male. The largest male weighed 19 lbs and the largest female 29.
Male leopard sharks usually did not weigh more than 21 lbs and the maximum for females was 35. F esf ?o Herald, E. S.
Dempster, R. P. 19522 The 1951 shark derby at Elkhorn Slough, California 133-134 California Fish and Game 38J fishing, sharks, shark derby, Elkhorn Slough, vertebrates, elasmobranches, This note summarizes the catch at the 1951 shark derby in Elkhorn Slough. 61 specimens representing three species of sharks and rays where judged: leopard shark, shovelnose guitarfish, and bat ray. F esf1?p Herbold, Bruce 1989F The ecology of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta : a community profile 106 p. Biological report ;85(7.22) Sept 1989 Fish and Wildlife Service Washington, DC : Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior [and] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ; Springfield, VA : National Technical Information Service [distributor, 1989] invertebrates, amphibians, fish, birds, mammals, plants, algae
marine, terrestrial, ecology, benthic, marsh, estuary, wetland, natural history, geology R not here spy?q
1 Hickey, C.
Page, G. W.
Shuford, W. D.
Warnock, S. 2003 Southern Pacific shorebird conservation plan: a strategy for supporting California's Central Valley and coastal shorebird populations 136 p.
Stinson Beach PRBO Conservation ScienceN birds, marine, freshwater, conservation monitoring, management, marsh, estuary B not here Version 1.0 esf?r
! Hildebrant, W.
Jones, T.
Hall, J. 1983= Archaelogical research of Mnt-229, Elkhorn Slough, California Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State University' archaeology; Elkhorn Slough; California Report H not here ?s Hogan, Mary E. 1995t Acclimation of a marine microbial sediment community to simulated in situ exposure of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 1-49 Department of Marine Sciences Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruzq bacteria, protozoa, hebicide, laboratory experiment, marine, benthic, biochemistry, aquatic toxicology, pollution M.S. ThesisS Acclimation of a marine microbial sediment community to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was examined by comparing its ability to metabolize 2,4-D before and after exposure to the herbicide. The experimental exposure (2 weeks) took place under simulated in situ conditions in an incubation chamber which maintained the physical and chemical gradient structure of the sediment community. The surface of the sediment was exposed to flowing seawater on a tidal cycle and 2,4-D (100 ppm) was added to the seawater so that its availability to the sediment microbes mimicked the natural situation. Before and after treatment, bacterial abundance, bacterial productivity and bacterial transformation of 2,4-D were determined. After the incubation, bacterial abundances were similar in the treatment exposed to 2,4-D and the control treatment (seawater only) indicating no chamber effect. Bacterial productivities were higher in the samples which had been incubated for 2 weeks compared to the initial sample but this was not associated with 2,4-D exposure. 2,4-D transformation rates increased 28% in the 2 week 100 ppm treatment compared to the seawater control. This increased transformation rate indicates that the sediment community acclimated to the selective pressure of 2,4-D treatment by increasing its ability to utilize this compound as a substrate. C esf?t Hogan, M.E.
Ward, B.B. 1998[ Response of a marine sediment microbial community exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 72-82 Microbial Ecology 35 1r Elkhorn Slough, 2,4 D, microbial mats, bacteria, abundance, productivity, xenobiotic, organic contaminant, Marine Ecology, Microbiology, Pesticides, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, herbicide, Metabolic Pathways, Chemical Transformation, Marine Sediment Microbial Community, Acclimation, Microbial Mat Community, Selective Pressure, benthic, toxicology, Elkhorn Slough Acclimation of a marine sediment microbial community to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was examined by comparing its ability to metabolize 2,4-D before and after exposure to the herbicide. The experimental treatments (control: 2-week exposure, seawater only; test: 2-week exposure, seawater plus 100 ppm 2,4-D) took place under simulated in situ conditions, in an incubation chamber, which maintained the physical and chemical gradient structure of the sediment community. The surface of the sediment was exposed to recirculating seawater on a tidal cycle. 2,4-D (100 ppm) was added to the seawater so that its availability to the sediment microbes mimicked the natural situation. Before and after treatment, bacterial abundance, productivity, and transformation of 2,4-D were determined. After 2 weeks, bacterial populations were similar in the 2,4-D treatment and the initial sediment sample, but higher in the seawater-only treatment. Bacterial productivity was higher in both 2-week treatments, compared to productivity measured before treatment, but rates were the same in 2,4-D and seawater treatments. In contrast, 2,4-D transformation rates increased 28% in the 2-week 100-ppm 2,4-D treatment, compared to the average of the seawater control and the initial sample. This increased transformation rate indicates that the sediment community acclimated to the selective pressure of 2,4-D treatment by increasing its ability to utilize this compound as a substrate. C, B esf ?u j Holl, K.D.
Hayes, G.F. 2006y Challenges to Introducing and Managing Disturbance Regimes for Holocarpha macradenia, an Endangered Annual Grassland Forb 1121-1131 Conservation Biology 20 4I http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00416.x?v o Hollibaugh, J. T. 1988h Limitation of the [3H]thymidine method for estimating bacterial productivity due to thymidine metabolism 19-30 Marine Ecology Progress Series 43 1-2 bacterioplankton; productivity; thymidine; radioactive labelling; biological production; microorganisms; bacteria; metabolism; measurement; INE, USA, California, Elkhorn Slough; INE, San Francisco BayQ Thymidine (TdR) was extensively metabolized by bacterioplankton from South San Francisco Bay and Elkhorn Slough, California, USA. Total super(3)H incorporation rate was linear for 2 to 4 h, but macromolecular super(3)H distributions differed depending on whether TdR was supplied as methyl- or 6-( super(3)H)-TdR. Methyl-( super(3)H) was incorporated at rates greater than or equal to 6-( super(3)H). Methyl-( super(3)H) incorporation by South San Francisco Bay bacterioplankton was: 0 to 35% into DNA, 34 to 67% into RNA and 20 to 59% into protein. In the same samples, 6-( super(3)H) incorporation was: 33 to 58% into DNA, 17 to 52% into RNA and 13 to 34% into protein. Tritiated water was produced from both substrates. At high TdR concentrations, methyl-( super(3)H) incorporation into DNA was blocked while incorporation into protein continued. Z4 http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/43/m043p019.pdf esf ?w Hollibaugh, J. T.
Cole, B. E.
Dollar, S. J.
Hager, S. W.
Vink, S. M.
Kimmerer, W. J.
Obrebski, S.
Smith, S. V.
Valentino, M.
Walsh, T. W. 1988b Tomales Bay, California: A macrocosm for examing biogeochemical coupling at the land-sea interface 843-5 The Oceanography Report 69 36` marine, Marin county, Tomales Bay, estuary, marsh, geology, land sea interface, biogeochemistry September 6, 1988 W not here esf?x
j Holloway, C.L. 1994 Density, dispersion and habitat utilization of Callianassa californiensis Dana in a recently established population in a restored marsh in Elkhorn Slough 1-26 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Crustaceans, marine, estuary, Elkhorn Slough, benthic, burrowing, sediment type, distribution, human impacts, restoration, ecology Unpublished Student Report Newly restored marshes may be the answer to finding controls for marsh studies dealing with marine popultions that have been impacted by environmental or human disturbances. Initial studies, using an indicator spcies, should be conducted to establish that colonization of the marsh area has begun. The following qustions were addressed regarding a recently established population of C. californiensis: 1) What is the density? 2) What is their dispersion? and 3) What is the soil composition of the microhabitat they are found in?
The data suggests that while C. californiensis is settling in only certain areas of the study area, it is not because soil composition differs. I multiple copies (2) esf#?y
Honigsberg, B.M.,
Jordan, H.B. 1948R Some observations on the ecology of animals in a restricted belt in Elkhorn Slough Berkeley, CA University of California Notomastus tenuis, Macoma nasuta, phoronopsis viridis, pachygrapsus crassipes, Callianassa, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, Urechis caupo, Schizothaerus nuttalli, ecology, distribution, abundance, Elkhorn Slough, invertebrates, benthic, marine, estuary, natural history, survey Unpublished Student Report4 A narrow belt of mud to the east from the highway bridge at Elkhorn Slough was investigated. The general area studied faces the new mouth of the slough and is never exposed to a strong surf. The belt extended for about 100 yards from a strip of Salicornia ambigua above a 3.5 feet hightide level across less and then more sandy mud down to almost pure wet sand exposed at -1.5 tide levels. From the 30 stations (about 3 x 4 x 2 feet deep), 38 different species of nemerteans, polychaetes, echiuroids, decapods, pelecypoids, copepods, and phoronids were recovered. R esf z?z Horn, M. H.
Allen, L. G. 1976\ Numbers of species and faunal resemblances of marine fishes in California bays and estuaries 159-1707 Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 75 2} fish, Elkhorn Slough, estuaries, bays, geography, comparisons, marine, ecology, habitat function, environmental variability, Fish species numbers and surface area of 13 California bays and estuaries and the California continental shelf were positively correlated, and the slope of the log-log regression was 0.21. Mouth width of bays was the only significant variable accounting for variation of species numbers in stepwise multiple regression.
Clustering based on presence or absence of fish species produced a southern and a northern group of bays. A two-way table (bay vs.species) distinguished three broad distributional categories of fish species.
Comparisons of area and species numbers of Chesapeake Bay and King Harbor (southern California) with those of California bays and estuaries supported the view that the present study has relevance for the preservation and management of bay/estuarine systems. F esf ?{ Hornberger, M.] Changes in ecological communities during the last 8,000 years in a California coastal wetland ecology; California; wetlands R not here1 $want abstract; relevant to slough invertebrates? ?| Hornberger, M. I. 1991t Paleoenvironment of Elkhorn Slough and surrounding wetland habitats: A geological study using an ecological approach San Jose, CA> Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and San Jose State Universityy geology, paleoecology, Elkhorn Slough, Moro Cojo Slough, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalves, Ostrea, Gastropoda, Assiminea M.S. Thesis Elkhorn Slough is a tidallyinfluenced coastal enbayment located in Monterey Bay. Shell fragments, microfossils and organic debris collected from deep sediment cores were used to describe environmental changes during the last 10 thousand years (kya). These data indicate that Elkhorn Slough was formedabout 10 kya when rising sea level invaded the Elkhorn River Channel. From 6 kya to present, sedimentation rates exceeded sea level rise and salt marshes colonized mudflats. The native oyster, Ostrea lurida, dominated benthic communities in Elkhorn Slough from 10-4 kya. Clam communities were common at the mouth from 7 kya to present. The gastropod Assiminea occurred throughout the slough at 3.5 kya. Salt water did not regularly invade the northeastern region of Elkhorn Slough, allowing freshwater communities to develop 4 kya to present. Salt water periodically influenced the eastern region of Moro Cojo Slough creating brackish water conditions from 5-1 kya. Neither the temporal occurences or rate of occurance of communities displayed a particular pattern associated with ecological succession, suggesting that the colonization of the shoreline by rising sea created a variable pattern of community distribution. G4 only have TOC and abstract, See final report to NOAA esf Q?}
Hornberger, M. I. 1991t Paleoenvironment of Elkhorn Slough and surrounding wetland habitats: A geological study using an ecological approach 1-435 Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, NOAAy geology, paleoecology, Elkhorn Slough, Moro Cojo Slough, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalves, Ostrea, Gastropoda, Assiminea Final Report Elkhorn Slough is a tidallyinfluenced coastal enbayment located in Monterey Bay. Shell fragments, microfossils and organic debris collected from deep sediment cores were used to describe environmental changes during the last 10 thousand years (kya). These data indicate that Elkhorn Slough was formedabout 10 kya when rising sea level invaded the Elkhorn River Channel. From 6 kya to present, sedimentation rates exceeded sea level rise and salt marshes colonized mudflats. The native oyster, Ostrea lurida, dominated benthic communities in Elkhorn Slough from 10-4 kya. Clam communities were common at the mouth from 7 kya to present. The gastropod Assiminea occurred throughout the slough at 3.5 kya. Salt water did not regularly invade the northeastern region of Elkhorn Slough, allowing freshwater communities to develop 4 kya to present. Salt water periodically influenced the eastern region of Moro Cojo Slough creating brackish water conditions from 5-1 kya. Neither the temporal occurences or rate of occurance of communities displayed a particular pattern associated with ecological succession, suggesting that the colonization of the shoreline by rising sea created a variable pattern of community distribution. G Multiple copies (2) esf~?~ Hsueh, P. 1988 Seasonal occurrence and abundance of brachyuran larvae in Elkhorn Slough and nearshore waters of Monterey Bay, California, September 1985-October 1986 1-80+ School of Natural Sciences
Fresno, CAG Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and California State University Fresno1 brachyurans, larvae, Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Crustacea, crabs, zooplankton; Pinnixa; Hemigrapsus; Cancer; Lophopanopeus; Kirby Park; upper slough, lower slough comparison; seasonal distribution, planktonic, marine, estuarine, ecology, distribution, abundance, seasonality M.A. Thesis Oblique plankton tows were taken biweekly at four slough and one offshore station over 14 months to sample brachyuran crab larvae. In total, 12 taxa of brachyuran crab larvae were identified, representing five families. Larvae of Pinnixa franciscana, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, Cancer gracilis, and P. weymouthi were the most abundant. Among the 12 species, Pinnixa franciscana, P. weymouthi, Cancer gracilis, C. productus, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, and Lophopanopeus bellus bellus were recorded at the study site for the first time. In general, brachyuran crab larvae were most abundant in early spring and late winter, but larvae of Pachygrapsus crassipes had a peak abundance in summer and early fall. Larvae of P. franciscana and P. weymouthi tended to stay within the slough. The numerous first-stage larvae of P. franciscana, H. oregonensis, and P. crassipes collected in upper slough stations (Red House and Kirby Park) indicate that adults used Elkhorn Slough as a spawning ground. I4 have final abstract, and copy of 3rd draft of thesis sp esf ? Hsueh, Pan-Wen 1991c Seasonal occurrence and abundance of brachyuran larvae in a coastal embayment of central California 546-552 Journal of Crustacean Biology 11 4 Elkhorn Slough, Pinnixa franciscana, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, Cancer gracilis, Pinnixa weymouthi, Pachygrapsus crassipes, Crustaceans, Invertebrates, Spawning Ground, Larvae, Larval Ecology, distribution, planktonic, crabs, marine4 Little information is available on the larval ecology of brachyuran crabs on the western coat of North America. Horizontal plankton tows were conducted biweekly over a 14-month period at 4 stations in Elkhorn Slough , California, and at 1 station 1 km offshore and adjacent to the slough . The brachyuran larvae of 5 families represented by 12 taxa were identified to the lowest possible taxon. Larvae of Pinnixa franciscana, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, Cancer gracilis, Pinnixa weymouthi, and Pachygrapsus crassipes occurred most frequently. Larvae were most abundant at all sites in early spring and late winter. One exception was the larvae of P. crassipes which had a peak abundance in late summer and early fall. Larvae of P. franciscana and P. weymouthi generally remained within Elkhorn Slough , whereas larvae of H. oregonensis and P. crassipes appeared to be transported offshore. The numerous first stage zoeae of P. franciscana, H. oregonensis, and P. crassipes collected in the upper Elkhorn Slough suggesting that adult females use this habitat as a spawning ground. I sp esf ?
Hughes, Brent 2009C Synthesis for Management of Eutrophication Issues in Elkhorn Slough 48& Elkhorn Slough Technical Report Series 1 Watsonville, CA) Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Research Reserve eutrophication Technical Report
April 2009 Elkhorn Slough is an estuary that has been undergoing major changes in the last 100 years due to anthropogenic effects. Major changes in the slough include the opening of the Moss Landing Harbor in 1946, the construction of dikes, culverts and flood gates, and eutrophication from increased agricultural practices in the Salinas Valley. Eutrophication has been a well-studied phenomenon in estuaries and embayments worldwide over the last 30 years, and has been attributed to intensive agricultural practices. Elkhorn Slough has seen dramatic increases in the amount of dissolved nutrients during the last 70 years, and it has some of the highest nitrogen, phosphate and ammonia levels reported in the world. Elkhorn Slough has overwhelming indications of eutrophication and even hypertrophication, due to elevated levels of chl a, the presence of blooms of ephemeral algae, and periods of hypoxic and at times anoxic conditions. The ecological effects due to this alteration to the water chemistry of Elkhorn Slough have yet to be thoroughly researched. Evidence from other estuaries combined with data and observations from Elkhorn Slough over the last 40 years supports the idea that eutrophication is changing biological communities in Elkhorn Slough. The potential to reverse eutrophication through restoration projects in Elkhorn Slough remains uncertain, although limited data suggest some cause for optimism. PDF available at ESNERR. Elkhorn Slough Technical Report Series 2009: 1 ? Hulberg, L. W.
Oliver, J. S. 1980~ Caging manipulations in marine soft-bottom communities: Importance of animal interactions or sedimentary habitat modifications 1130-11392 Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37 7, Polychaeta , Animals, Annelids, Fish, Invertebrates, Elkhorn Slough, California, Erosion, Competition, Mobility, Predation, caging manipulations, estuarine, benthic, habitat modification, sediment, sand flats, marine soft -bottom communities, ecology, caging effects, ecology, experimental manipution Caging manipulations were performed in two marine soft-bottom communities to test two nonexclusive hypotheses: 1) polychaete abundance changes in cages are caused by the presence or absence of particular predators and competitors; 2) polychaete changes in cages are caused by animals responding to cage-induced habitat modifications, especially sediment deposition and erosion.
The significant changes in the polychaete community beneath a variety of cages installed on a highly wave-exposed sand bottom could not be explained by the presence or absence of predatory demersal fish. This was obtained despite the exclusion of fish which normally consume large numbers of infaunal polychaetes.
A caging experiment similar to Woodin's (1974) was performed in the channel of Elkhorn Slough using comparable cages and similar exposure period. In Woodin's experiments, the exclusion of a sedentary tube builder was accompanied by an increase in a mobile deposit feeder. This was interpreted as a competitive release. In this experiment, no sedentary species inhabited the channel and none were excluded; this same mobile species increased inside the cages. Although the importance of potential predators and competitors was not documented in the caging experiments, all of the sand-flat and slough caging results are consistent with the hypothesis that animals respond to sedimentary habitat modifications created by cages. This hypothesis not considered in most caging experiments in marine soft-bottom communities. R esf ?
G. Humphries 1986D Moss Landing Harbor Master Plan Final Environmental Impact Statement Moss Landing Moss Landing Harbor District# moss Landing; human impacts; marine M esf?
b Hunt, J.W.
Anderson, B.S.
Phillips, B.M.
Piekarski, W.J.
Englund, M.
Tjeerdema, R.S.
deVlaming, V. 1997Z Aquatic toxicity in the Pajaro River watershed: Tributary sources and chemicals of concern 1-50V University of California Santa Cruz and California State Water Resources Control Board mysid, Neomysis mercedis, toxaphene, ddt, diazinon, pH, TIEs, contaminants, pesticides, Elkhorn Slough, invertebrates, estuary, aquatic toxicology, pollution Draft Report August 1997 The Pajaro River estuarine system receives runoff from upstream urban, industrial, residential, and agricultural areas. Seven sites in the estuary, upstream river, tributary sloughs and agricultural drainage ditches were sampled eighteen times over an eighteen-month period, and water samples were test for toxicity to the mysid Neomysis mercedis, a resident crustacean. Sampling sites were chosen to identify tributaries that might contribute toxic runoff to the estuary. Results indicated toxicity in 78% of agriculatural ditch samples, 14% of tributary slough samples, and 19% of river and estuary samples. Limited chemical analyses identified three chemicals (toxaphene, DDT, and diazinon) for which pesticide concentrations were higher than toxicity thresholds. Toxicity in the estuary was significantly correlated with increased river flow. Temporal patterns indicated that agricultural ditches and the upper river may be more important sources of toxic runoff to the estuary than were the freshwater sloughs. Adjustment of sample pH removed toxicity in all four Phase I TIEs conducted on agricultural ditch samples. Carbon solid-phase extraction partially removed toxicity in only one sample, and TIE results indicated that multiple contaminants were probably responsible for sample toxicity. C esf
.? f Hunt, John W.
Anderson, Brian S.
Phillips, Bryn M.
Tjeerdema, Ron S.
Puckett, H. Max
deVlaming, Victor 1999[ Patterns of aquatic toxicity in an agriculturally dominated coastal watershed in California 75-91$ Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 75 1-2 Neomysis mercedis, Crustaceans, Invertebrates, Agriculture, Pollution Assessment Control and Management, pesticides, California, Pajaro River, Agricultural Dominance, Aquatic Toxicity Patterns, Coastal Watershed Conditions, Erosion, Estuary Conditions, Runoff This study was designed to investigate the occurrence, severity, sources and causes of aquatic toxicity in a coastal river and estuary subject to non-point source pollutant inputs from adjacent agricultural and urban areas. The Pajaro River estuarine system on the central coast of California, USA, receives subsurface tile drain runoff from irrigated cropland, and seasonal surface runoff from agricultural, urban, industrial, and residential areas. Seven sites in the estuary, upstream river, tributary sloughs, and agricultural drainage ditches were selected to identify tributaries that might contribute toxic runoff to the estuary. These sites were each sampled 18 times over an 18-month period, and water samples were tested for toxicity to the mysid Neomysis mercedis, a resident crustacean. Results indicated toxicity in 78% of agricultural ditch samples, 25% of tributary slough samples, and 11% of river and estuary samples. Temporal patterns in the occurrence of toxicity indicated thatagricultural ditches and upper river were more important than the freshwater sloughs as sources of toxic runoff to the estuary. Chemical analyses were conducted on samples collected at each site on two occasions. Organophosphate pesticides were detected in samples collected when the river flow rate was low, and persistent hydrophobic organochlorine pesticides were detected after high surface runoff. Three pesticides (toxaphene, DDT, and diazinon) were found at concentrations higher than published toxicity thresholds for resident aquatic species. Toxicity in the estuary was significantly correlated with increased river flow. Chemical causes of toxicity were investigated in two preliminary and four full Phase I Toxicity Identification Evaluations (TIEs) on six separate samples from the agricultural drainage ditches receiving tile drain discharges. The TIE results indicated that multiple compounds were responsible for toxicity in all samples evaluated, and that non-polar and perhaps polarorganic compounds were present in toxic concentrations M esf F? Hutchinson, G.E. 1961 The paradox of the plankton The American Naturalist 95 137-144 Plankton P pdf available at ESNERR ?
$ International Shellfish Enterprises, 1978D Elkhorn Slough shellfish and water quality study, January-June, 1978 1-20
Invertebrates Unpublished Report I not here $want abstract ? j 2 Irving, P.W.
Breda, V.A.
Becker, R.
Saunders, R.M. 1988B Anatomy and composition of Zostera marina L.: A potential new crop 263-274 Ecology of Food and Nutrition 20 plants, eelgrass, anatomy, seed structure, new crops, food composition, indigenous foods, morphology, Elkhorn Slough, estuarine, benthic Chemical composition of Zostera marina L. seed and shoots was determined. Morphology and histrochemistry of mature seeds were studied by fluorescence, brightfield and scanning electron microscopy to locate storage constituents in the seed. Starch content in the mature seed was 51% and was the major storage reserve in the embryo and a minor component in the testa. Starch in the shoots ranged from 0.3 to 2.3%. Protein, located in the embryo as small protein bodies, comprised about 9.0% of the seed. Protein in shoots ranged from 6-15%. Protein quality of both seeds and shoots resembled corn in composition, and the first limiting amino acid was lysine. Shoots were high in minerals, fiber and ash while seeds were lower in these constituents. Fat was low (0.3-1.7%) in both shoots and seeds. P not here multiple copies (2) esf ?
Jacobs and Associates, 1983@ Soil investigation for Finlen Building, Moss Landing, California Soil; Moss Landing; California; G not here?
Jagger, P. 1981Y The impact of agricultural return flows on surface water quality in the Monterey Bay area 1-127E California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Central Coast RegionR Elkhorn Slough, water quality, aquatic toxicology, pollution, agricultural run-offE Report prepared for the Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments* This report is a review of the impacts of agricultural return flows on surface water quality in the Monterey Bay area. This report examines pollutants such as pesticides, fungicides,herbicides, and fertilizers. After a general review of potential sources of pollution from agricultural run-off, the focus is narrowed to the AMBAG area. Potential impacts of agricultural run-off in any ara are divided into four water quality groups: nutrients, salinity, toxics, and physical parameters. The preliminary survey concludes nutrient and toxic impacts (including biocides and ammonia) are the two potential impacts most likely to occur in the six AMBAG surface waters. These six surface waters areas are: Pajaro River, Watsonville Slough, Lower Salinas River, Elkhorn Slough, Moro Cojo Slough, Tembladero Slough. M esf?
Jaques, D.L.
Anderson, D.W. 1988| Brown pelican use of the Moss Landing Wildlife Management area: Roosting behavior, habitat use, and interactions with humans 1-58D California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Divisiong birds, brown pelicans, Elkhorn Slough, salt ponds, intertidal, ecology, human disturbance, conservation& Nongame Bird and Mammal Section Report3 The deteriorating salt evaporation ponds at the Moss Landing Wildlife Management Area served as a communal roost site for thousands of Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) during this study - July through December 1987. The peak high count was obtained in late July when a minimum of 4355 pelicans were present during a morning census. Roosting populations declined greatly soon after this and were relatively low through the expected peak in fall. The habitat of the study site was unusual relative to other night roosts used by pelicans on the U.S. Pacific coast. The roosting patterns and the management problems we observed were also unique and complex. Brown Pelican seasonal and diurnal patterns of occupation, within-roost habitat use, and frequency of distrubance of the salt ponds suggest that the quality of the roost has decreased since 1982 and will continue to do so unless active management to enhance the security of the site takes place. The salt ponds roost should be designated and treated as critical nonbreeding habitat for Brown Pelicans. B esf ?
Jefferson Associates Inc., 1980 Moss Landing community plan San Francisco, CA0 Prepared for Monterey County Planning Department% City planning California Moss Landing Draft Report R not hereN?
Jefferson Associates Inc., 1980: Harbor development, commercial and recreational facilities 1-59 San Francisco, CA0 prepared for Monterey County Planning Department[ Harbors, California, Moss Landing, Planning, Central business districts, Recreation centers- Moss Landing community Plan Background Report M X ?
Jefferson Associates Inc., 1980( Visual resources and special communities San Francisco, CA, Prepared Monterey County Planning Department Historic sites California Moss Landing Conservation and restoration Planning
Landscape protection California Moss Landing Planning- Moss Landing Community Plan Background Report R ?
Jefferson Associates Inc., 1981 Local coastal program Salinas, CA, Prepared Monterey County Planning DepartmentU Coastal zone management California Moss Landing
City planning California Moss Landing Moss Landing community plan R ? Jenkins, O. P. 1973 Pleistocene Lake San Benito 151-163 California Geology July& geology, Pleistocene Lake San Benito, G word doc available at ESNERR go get at sci lib esfX ?
Jensen, James B.
Tanner, Sara J. 1973j A preliminary check-list of the marine algae of the Moss Landing jetty: An annotated floristic compilation 1-59 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories7 Marine, algae, California, Moss Landing, Identification Technical Publication P not here CASUC-MLML-TP-73-07%|? 9 Johnson, K. S.
Needoba, J. A.
Riser, S. C.
Showers, W. J. 20074 Chemical sensor networks for the aquatic environment 623-640 Chemical Reviews 107 2 C" ://WOS:000244206600015 pdf available at ESNERR 0009-2665 WOS:000244206600015 10.1021/cr050354e ?
Johnson, M. 19837 Ground water in north Monterey County, California, 1980 1-32 Sacramento, CA US Geological Survey/ terrestrial; water; California; monterey county% Water-Resources Investigations Report W not here 83-4023 ?
Johnson, W.M. 1955b Extracts from a report on the features of the county between Pajaro and Salinas Rivers, California US Coast Survey, 1954' pajaro river; salinas river; California
Annual Report W not here
App. 22:31-32 f ? j Jolly, J.M. 1997O Foraging ecology of the sea otter, Enhydra lutris, in a soft-sediment community 1-61 Department of Marine Sciences Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz Elkhorn Slough, sea otters, bivalves, invertebrates, mammals, benthic, marine, ecology, predation, optimal foraging, prey selection, predator impacts M.S. Thesiso Sea otters in Elkhorn Slough preyed primarily on deep-burrowing infaunal clams. The diet was supplemented with Cancer crabs, fat innkeeper worms, and shallow-burrowing bivalves. The prey species for which otters showed the strongest preference were those which provided the greatest energetic benefit for the least time spent foraging, and the otters selcted those species out of proportion to their abundance in the environment. Sea otters also showed a strong preference for large prey items, and selected prey of a larger average size than were available in the habitat. Prey profitability depended more on prey size than on species. Thus otters optimized their diet by selecting the most profitable species and sizes of prey available. This study is the first to demonstrate that sea otter prey choice was closely related to prey profitability but unrelated to prey abundance in the environment.
The selection of large prey items be sea otters resulted in significant reductions in Elkhorn Slough bivalve size and biomass between 1986 and 1996, but no reduction in bivalve density.
As a result of the depletion of high-quality prey and subsequent changes in diet, the energy intake of the average sea otter foraging in Elkhorn Slough declined dramatically over the duration of the study.
Two years after the 1995 sea otter recolonization event, Elkhorn Slough was still a heavily-exploited male foraging area. Considering the severe depletion of high quality prey resources and the subsequent reduction in habitat profitability which was measured in this study, long-term sustainability of the Elkhorn Slough otter population is questionable. V sp esf ?
Jones & Stokes Associates, 1976* Moss Landing facilities plan SCH #76090203 MRWPCA Moss Landing; human impacts Final EIR M not here@ ?
7 Jones & Stokes Associates,
John Gilchrist & Associates, 1989+ Moss Landing Harbor wetland mitigation plan 1-27 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Harbor DistrictQ Moss Landing Harbor, environmental impact, mitigation, wetland, mudflats, habitat Report! The purpose of this project is to mitigate for the loss of 0.35 acre of mudflat at a proposed bulkhead site in the South Harbor at Moss Landing and to restore 1.4 acres of salt marsh distrubed by unauthorized filling south of Sandholdt Road. This wetland mitigation plan is intended to satisfy the following objectives:
1) restore approximately 1.4 acres of salt marsh habitat in the area disturbed by grading. The new salt marsh would provide 1:1 compensation for the spreading of fill material over most of this area.
2) create at least 1.05 acres of tidal mudflat habitat in the area disturbed by grading. The new mudflat would provide 3:1 compensation for the filling of approximately 0.35 acre of mudflat habitat at a proposed bulkhead site.
3) create wetland habitat values in the mitigation site that are equal to or greater then those lost at both sites
4) re-create and improve the upland buffer around the restored wetlands.
The general approach taken in this plan is to excavate most of the disturbed area to elevations below predistrubance levels to increase the amount of tidally influenced low salt marsh and mudflat habitats. Some existing upland would be converted to wetlands by removing a levee along the Old Salinas River channel and excavating part of the upland at the north end of the site. M esf3? Jones, T. 19781 Aboriginal activity at Elkhorn Slough, California 1-1584 Department of Anthropology and Environmental Studies Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz Elkhorn Slough, humans, invertebrates, anthropology, paleoanthropology, aboriginal groups, terrestrial, populations size, paleoenvironment, pollen, shellfish
Senior Thesis Aboriginal groups inhabiting the central Monterey Bay area had to adapt their subsistance strategies in response to major hydrographic changes that have occurred within the last 10,000 years. Shellfish resources, which were depended upon particularly in the latter stages of aboriginal occupation, are most abundant in a sheltered, saltwater environment such as that which exists in Elkhorn Slough today. Population growth and expansion occurred in response to changes that occurred in this environment.
Evidence for these environmental shifts can be found in the archaeological sites that exist in this region. Differential shellfish remains in such sites probably reflect different environmental conditions. Variations in the pollen rain, through time in the Slough area, also reflect these changes. By combining these two types of information some theories have been developed about the relations of man to his environment in this area. H esf ?
Jones, T. 1978? A palynological study undertaken at Elkhorn Slough, California. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories& palynology; Elkhorn Slough; California Unpublished Report H not here ?
Jones, T. 1998U Archaeological data recovery at the Toro Creek site, CA-MNT-3 Monterey Co, California' California Department of Transportation; Archaeological Data; toro creek; montere county; California data recovery report August 1998 H esf ? Jones, T.L.
Jones, D.A. 1992B Elkhorn Slough revisited: Reassessing the chronology of CA-MNT-229 159-1792 Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 14 2 Elkhorn Slough R X ?
@ Jones, T. L.
Van Bueren, T.
Grantham, S.
Huddleson, J.
Fung, T. 1996` Archaeological Test Excavations for the Castroville Bypass Project, Monterey County, California. Sacramento, CA? California Department of Transportation, Environmental Division= Archaeological Data; castroville; monterey county; california H MS27 ?
Jong, C.E. 1980~ Polychaete larval availability in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California: The influence of water mass isolation on dispersal 753 American Zoologist 20 4 zooplankton, Elkhorn Slough, California, Annelida, Invertebrata, Animals, Annelids, Invertebrates, Streblospio benedicti, Polydora ligni, Armandia brevis, Capitella spp, Physical, Chemical Properties ,Tidal Prism, Marine Environment, Ecology, larvae, pelagic, larval ecology7 Recently metamophosed marine polychaete larvae were collected biweekly in subtidal jars along a tidal embayment in central California for one year. Concurrent benthic sampling documented the distribution of adults. Benthic populations of the spionids Streblospio benedicti and Polydora ligni were most abundant in the upper slough and their settling larvae were rarely collected elsewhere, suggesting the occurrence of larval retention within the slough. Adults of the opheliid Armandia brevis and capitellid Capitella spp. were most common in the lower slough and their larvae were abundant there and in nearshore waters, where they were flushed out by tidal action. A tidal prism separated two chemically and physically distinct water masses for most of the year, which undoubtedly affected the observed larval dispersal. Ix multiple copies (3)
an abstract from the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, American Microscopical Society, American Society of Limnology [and] Oceanography, Animal Behavior Society, Canadian Society of Zoologists, Ecological Society of America, Society of Systematic Zoology, [and] the Western Society of Naturalists, Seattle, Wash., Usa, Dec. 27-30, 1980. esf?
Josselyn, M.N. 19821 Wetland restoration and enhancement in California 1-1109 Elkhorn Slough, wetlands, restoration, habitat management0 California Sea Grant College Program Publication This publication is a preceedings of a workshop held in February 1982. It contains the following sections:
1) Summary of past wetland restoration projects in California
2) An inventory of California coastal wetlands with a potential for restoration and enhancement
3) Development of regional wetland restoration goals: coastal wetlands
4) San Francisco Bay
5) Legal and institutional constraints and opportunities in wetlands enhancement
6) Engineering wetlands: circulation, sedimentation, and water quality
7) Restoration techniques, research, and monitoring: vegetation
8) Salt marsh faunas: colonization and monitoring
9) Towards an overall strategy in designing wetland restoration
10) abstracts from the poster session M 2 copies Report No. T-CSGCP-007 esf ? X Julian, D.
Arp, A. J. 1992= Sulfide permeability in the marine invertebrate Urechis caupo 59-67# Journal of Comparative Physiology B 162 1 Hydrogen Sulfide, Epithelia, Hindgut, Sulfide Elimination Mechanism, Low Tide, Burrow Water, Toxicity, Permeability, Invertebrates, Echiura, Urechis caupo, biochemistry, physiology, environmental toxicology, echiuroidea, Elkhorn Slough, Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology Hydrogen sulfide can reach toxic concentrations in the burrow-water of the echiuran worm Urechis caupo during low tide. Its two large epithelial surfaces, the thick muscular body wall and the thin-walled hindgut are in constant contact with the environment. Hindgut inflation of up to 2 ml water.g wet weight-1 causes tissue stretch. To determine if these body surfaces present a barrier to sulfide influx, the total permeability coefficient P(T) was measured at different degrees of stretch in diffusion chambers at pH 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0, and specific permeability coefficients P(H2S) and P(HS)- were calculated. Both the body wall and the hindgut were more permeable to H2S than HS-. The body wall showed no significant increase in sulfide permeability with natural degrees of stretch, and the mean P(H2S) and P(HS) were 0.17 and 0.063 cm. h-1, respectively. The sulfide permeability of the hindgut was increased by stretch, with the relative permeability of H2S increasing faster than that of HS-. Unstretched hindgut mean P(H2S) and P(HS)- were 0.095 and 0.11 cm.h-1, respectively, and stretched hindgut mean P(H2S) and P(HS) were 1.8 and 0.16 cm.h-1, respectively. A model of sulfide influx in the natural environment indicates that even if the hindgut is kept uninflated, the coclomic fluid of U. caupo would have toxic sulfide concentrations well before the end of a 2-h tidal exposure in the absence of a sulfide elimination mechanism. I J Comp Physiol esf z? X Julian, D.
Dalia, W.E.
Arp, A.J. 1998V Neuromuscular sensitivity to hydrogen sulfide in the marine invertebrate Urechis caupo 1393-1403 Journal of Experimental Biology 201 9@ Aerobic Respiration, Contraction, Neuromuscular Sensitivity, Toxicity, Muscle, Contraction, Invertebrates, Echiura, Urechis Caupo, Hydrogen Sulfide, Mechanisms, Cyanide, Ph, Detoxification, Hemoglobin, Metabolism, Tolerance, Exposure, Elkhorn Slough, annelids, toxicology, biochemistry, physiology, benthic, estuarine Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a well-known inhibitor of aerobic respiration via its reversible binding of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, but recent studies have suggested that HS may have other non-respiratory actions. We have studied the effects of HS on spontaneous and evoked contractions in vitro under hypoxic and anoxic conditions in nerve-muscle preparations from the echiuran worm Urechis caupo. Contraction amplitude in response to electric held stimulation under anoxic conditions was completely abolished by HS within minutes in a classic dose-response relationship (K-d=31 mmol l(-1), r(2)=0.86). Exposure of body wall and esophagus to HS in vitro for up to 6 h demonstrated that the contraction amplitude and frequency of spontaneous activity were relatively insensitive to anoxia, but that the sensitivity to HS was similar to that seen in field-stimulated muscle (K-d=2.7-32 mmol l(-1)). The toxic effects of HS were reversible, with almost complete recovery under anoxic conditions within the first hour. These data indicate that HS at millimolar concentrations can directly inhibit muscle contraction. Although the mechanism of this action is unknown, it does not appear to involve metabolic pathways or oxygen transport. I0 http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/201/9/1393 esf ? " Julian, D.
Passman, W.E.
Arp, A.J. 1996I Water lung and body wall contributions to respiration in an echiuran worm 187-198 Respiration Physiology 106 29 Annelid, physiology, respiratory system, biochemistry, metabolism, Oxygen, Body Wall, Echiuran Worm, Hindgut Uptake, Hindgut Ventilation Activity, Water Lung, Whole Animal Consumption, Gas Exchange, Invertebrate, Urechis Caupo, Sulfide, Elkhorn Slough, marine, benthic, estuarine, Bodega Harbor, Pillar Point The modified hindgut of the echiuran marine worm Urechis caupo functions as a water lung and has been assumed to be a much more important respiratory surface than its thick, muscular body wall. We tested this assumption by measuring whole animal O-2 consumption, hindgut O-2 uptake, and hindgut ventilation activity simultaneously in unrestrained worms in artificial burrows from 25 to 300 Torr O-2. Under experimental conditions the contribution of the hindgut to total O-2 uptake is variable and strongly correlated to hindgut ventilatory activity. Over a P-O2 range simulating that encountered in the natural environment, the hindgut accounts for approximately half of total O-2 uptake on average. Under progressive hypoxic exposure total O-2 consumption decreased by 50%, yet O-2 conductance and extraction increased. The results suggest that the water lung function of the modified hindgut supplements O-2 uptake across the body wall, and may be especially important during periods of high activity such as may occur during feeding and burrowing. I esfm? = Julian, D.
Wieting, S. L.
Seto, S. L.
Bogan, M. R.
Arp, A. J. 1999Q Thiosulfate elimination and permeability in a sulfide-adapted marine invertebrate 416-425% Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 72 4 hydrogen sulfide, nutrient, oxidation, toxicity, hypoxic seawater, thiosulfate, accumulation, clearance rate, diffusion, elimination, permeability coefficient, Urechis caupo, Echiuran Worm, Tolerance, Respiration, Physiology, Adaptations, Mechanisms, Invertebrates; echiura; Pillar Point, toxicology, body wall, coelomic fluid, hindgut, digestive system, ventilation, estuarine, marine, benthic Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to thiosulfate is one of the best-characterized mechanisms by which animals adapted to sulfide minimize its toxicity, but the mechanism of thiosulfate elimination in these animals has remained unclear. In this study, we examined the accumulation and elimination of thiosulfate in the sulfide-adapted marine worm Urechis caupo. The coelomic fluid of U. caupo exposed to 50-100 mu mol L-1 sulfide in hypoxic seawater (PO2 Ca. 10 kPa) accumulated (mean +/- SD) 132 +/- 41 mu mol L-1 thiosulfate after 2 h, reaching 227 +/- 113 mu mol L-1 after an additional 4 h in aerated, sulfide-free seawater. In whole-animal thiosulfate clearance studies, the rate of thiosulfate elimination from the coelomic fluid followed a single exponential time course with a half-life of 6 h. The thiosulfate permeability coefficient of isolated preparations mounted in diffusion chambers was 7.6 x 10(-5) +/- 7.7 x 10(-5) cm s(-1) for the hindgut and 5.5 x 10(-7) +/- 2.7 x 10(-7) cm s(-1) for the body wall. These rates were independent of the direction of net efflux (mucosal-to-serosal or serosal-to-mucosal). Using a simple mathematical model of U. caupo that incorporates the thiosulfate permeability coefficients, the thiosulfate half-life was calculated to be 23 h without hindgut ventilation but less than 1 h with normal hindgut ventilation. Based on this information, we propose that passive thiosulfate diffusion across the hindgut is adequate to explain the observed rates of thiosulfate elimination. I, C esf)?
Jurek, R.M. 1992" Non-native red foxes in California 1-16D California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Division mammals, foxes, Moss Landing Wildlife Area, Elkhorn Slough, marsh, terrestrial, invasive species, ecology, conservation, endangered species, predator control, population regulation& Nongame Bird and Mammal Section Report Non-native varieties of red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, that were imported into California have populated lowland areas in much of the state. They are common in many natural environments and are thiriving in several urban areas. The range of this now widespread and abundant predator has been expanding because of natural propagation and dispersal and because of illegal relocation by people. In recent decades, the non-native red fox has become a significant threat to many endangered species and other vulnerable native animals. To protect endangered wildlife, agencies have had to implement localized fox control by trapping and euthanasia, as well as by fencing and other nonlethal predator control methods. Some fox control efforts at wildlife refuges have been challenged in courts. The Department of Fish and Game has been cooperating with other agencies to determine the current population status of the non-native red fox, to assess the damage this introduced predator causes to wildlife, and to take effective action to protect the public and wildlife. Other efforts include informing the public about the threats these foxes pose and about the nature of agency control programs. V 92-04 esf ? j Kao, J.S. 2000V Diet, daily ration, and gastric evacuation of the leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) 1-96 Department of Marine ScienceE Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University Hayward elasmobranches, shark, invertebrate, Elkhorn Slough, staghorn sculpin, leopard shark, innkeeper worm, benthic, marine, estuary, foraging, prey, digestion, physiology, ecology, ichthyology M.S. Thesis The tropic interactions of an apex predator such as the leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) are potentially important factors in structuring the estuarine benthic ecosystem. The measure a predator's protenial impact, its diet and consumption rate must be determined. The food habits of the leopard shark were reexamined after years of large-scale physical and biotic changes in its prey community, which were reflected in the diet of this opportunistic generalist feeder. Feeding chronologies and forage areas differed for small and large sharks in Elkhorn Slough. Small sharks (<120 cm TL) were found to feed heavily on fat innkeeper worms, Urechis caupo, within the shallow coves of the Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Research Reserve. Large sharks (>120 cm TL) were found to feed on fishes and fat innkeeper worms nocturnally in the deeper main channel prtions of Elkohorn Slough. Leopard sharks displayed a gorge and digest rather than a continuous feeding regime. The gastic evacuation rates of small and large leopard sharks were examined for their primary prey types; small sharks evacuated U. caupo in a linear fashion and large sharks evacuated the staghorn sculpin, Leptocottus armatus in a linear fashion. Digestion was faster on larger sharks than small sharks for their primary prey under controlled conditions. Daily ration estimates of small and large sharks differed for bioenergetic and conventional ration models on a % body weight consumed basis. Small shark ration estimates sppeared lower than large shark estimates using non-bioenergetic models, however no significant differences existed between ration estimates using resampling-generated confidence estimates. Bioenergetic estimates of small shark daily ration were much higher than non-bioenergetic ration estimates of small sharks, and much higher than all ration estimates of large sharks. Differences in ration estimates may be due to diel differences in thermal regime for small and large sharks, which may affect in situ digestion rates; conversely, large-scale diel migrations may increase the metabolic needs of large leopard sharks. Small and large shark diets have become increasingly similar since the 1970s, most likely as a respoonse to increased erosion and reestablishment of the California sea otter, Enhydra lutris in Elkhorn Slough and their combined effect upon the benthic community. Small and large shark diet has come to include more U. caupo and fish prey than in the early 1970s. F sp esf ? % Karas, B.
Kvity, A. 2004c Population demographics and seasonal abundance of elasmobranch fishes in Elkhorn Slough, California 19 p. ??+ Elasmobranch, shark, Elkhorn Slough, marine undergraduate report F ?
Karnes, G. 1992! Prepare for chemical to be banned 6A The Californian Salinas, CAW Monterey Bay area, pesticide, methyl bromide, agriculture, ozone destruction, pollution
June 26, 1992 this is a soapbox piece. Gary Karnes give some information about the destructive nature of methyl bromide and calls for a task force to form which will push for a ban of this chemical. C esf a}?
j
Kellogg, M.G. 1980U Status of the California Brackishwater Snail, Tryonia imitator, in Central California 1-23& California Department of Fish and Game Invertebrates, Mollusca, Gastropoda, California, brackishwater, snail, Bennett's Slough, Moro Cojo, coastal development, habitat loss, biogeography, subtidal, estuarine, benthic, ecology? Inland Fisheries Endangered Species Program Special Publication0 Known and potential habitats of the California brackishwater snail, Tryonia imitator, from San Luis Obispo County to Sonoma County were surveyed between August and November 1979. Living T. imitator were found at only three localities within this area, ten historical populations having apparently been extirpated. Combined with earlier studies, these data indicate that within its historical range (Sonoma to San Diego counties), T. imitator has been extirpated at sixteen localities and the species now exists as eight disjunct populations.
Within the study area, T. imitator lives subtidally in coastal lagoons and marshes where at least some populations are able to tolerate wide daily salinity fluctuations. Brooding females are encountered throughout the year, recruitment is nonseasonal, and size frequency distributions show little variation through time. The sex ratio is skewed toward females and the snails are sexually dimorphic. Females grow to nearly twice the size of males.There is evidence of geographic variation in shell sculpture and body pigmentation. I 80-3 sp esf} ? j Kellogg, Michael G. 1984A Contributions to our knowledge of Tryonia imitator (Pilsbry 1899) 1-37 Department of Biology San Francisco, CA@ Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Francisco State UniversityY endangered species, snails, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Gastropoda; Petaluma River marsh, San Diego River; anthropogenic disturbance extirpation; habitat modification; coastal strand habitat; Desiccation; deposit feeding, grazing; predators: shore birds, fish, shore crabs; parasites: trematodes; Vertebrates; Arthropoda, Crustacea; Platyhelminthes M.A. Thesis Once thought confined to 3 localities and proposed as an endangered species, Tryonia imitator is confirmed or reasonably assumed to survive at 12 localitites from the Petaluma River marsh to the San Diego River. Nineteen historical populations have apparently been exterpated mostly by human-induced habitat modifications.
Tryonia imitator inhabits coastal strand habitats where they tolerate wide fluctuations of environmental parameters and occur on a variety of substrates. They are immergent, but desiccation experiments (LD-50 approximately 6 days in both desiccated sediment and 100% relative humidity) do not readily explain this absence from intertidal habitats. They typically occur in densities of 20,000 or more per m2 and act as both deposit feeders and epiphytic grazers in addition to digesting surface films. They are preyed upon by shore birds, fish, and shore crabs and are parasitized by trematode cercariae. I only have abstract esf?
Kelly, M. 1987t Seasonal abundance and feeding ecology of avian species found in the north marsh of Elkhorn Slough under restoration 1-10 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesS Elkhorn Slough, Birds, Vertebrate, marsh, ecology, foraging, seasonality, abundance Unpublished Student Report This report includes 7 figures that give the following data:
1) species observed, date, abundances
2) number of individuals vs. time for american avocet and great blue heron
3) number of species per week
4) tide level and number of roosting birds over time
5) percentage of roosting and feeding birds over time
6) wind speed vs. total number of birds present over time
7) wind speed vs. number of roosting birds over time B esf O? Kenna, M. 1994 Elkhorn Slough and Moss Landing Moss Landing, CA Elkhorn Slough Foundation 2nd ed.8 Elkhorn Slough, California, Pictorial works, photographs photographs R not here% UCSC Special Collections: F868.E45K46 ل?
Kerr, L.A. 2000F Anthropomorphic effects of erosion and sedimentation in Elkhorn Slough 1-7O Elkhorn Slough, estuary, benthic, geology, sedimentation, erosion, human impact8 Marine Geology Final Project, Unpublished Student Report Elkhorn Slough is a sensitive wetland habitat that has been evolving since its creation 16,000 to 18,000 years ago. Changes that have occurred in the modern geologic history of Elkhorn Slough, such as the diversion of the Salinas River in 1910, the excavation of Moss Landing Harbor in 1947, and the reopening of dikes and levees in the 1980's, can be attributed to human activity. These changes have resulted in the reduction of freshwater input to the slough, the opening of the slough to tidal currents, and an increase in tidal volume. Data collected on the sediment accumulation rates, grain size, sediment stratigraphy, and channel geomorphology is important to understanding the historical changes in Elkhorn Slough. Throughout its history, the slough has transformed from an environment dominated by erosion to an environment dominated by sedimentation, and most recently back to an erosional environment. Today, erosion is a major environmental problem within Elkhorn Slough. This process removes salt marsh and mudflat habitat, changes the geomorphology of the channel and tidal creeks, and undercuts bordering land. Erosion has also dramatically impacted the hydrology of the slough and the biological communities this habitat supports. A survey of leterature on the geology of Elkhorn Slough has revealed that humans have been the main agents of change in the recent history of this environment causing increased rates of erosion that continue to affect Elkhorn Slough today. M esfn? King, A.E.
Cailliet, G.M. 19920 The Elkhorn Slough Shark Derby: Past and present 1-4 Chondros 3 2 fishes, chondrichthys, elasmobranches, Elkhorn Slough, sharks, rays, marine, fishing, catch data, size, sex ratio, abundances, ecology, population biology, catch-release, tagging2 This short article discusses:
1) the history of the Elkhorn Slough Shark Derby,
2) data collected from the earlier derbies by Dr. Earl S. Herald of the California Academy of Sciences,
3) data collected by Moss Landing Marine Labs starting in 1970s
4) the catch-tag-release program that began in the 1980s F esf V? King, J. A.
Oliver, J. S.\ Effects of macroalgal mats on invertebrate mudflat communities in Elkhorn Slough, California Unpublished MS Invertebrates, Elkhorn Slough P not hereJ $want abstract and citation
Can't find on any search engines; unpublished? D?
King, J.M. 1976@ Bio-Archaelogical reconnaissance of the Elkhorn Slough District. Moss Landing: ERA1 Elkhorn Slough; Archaeological Data; Moss Landing R not here R?
King, J.M. 1982@ Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary: Cultural resource management 55-70& California Department of Fish and Game; Elkhorn Slough, land use, historical description, sociology Reporti This except of the report includes the following sections:
c) historical overview of the Elkhorn Slough area - describes the chronology of human habitation of the area and the related human activities such as fishing, agriculture, etc.
d) Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary - history of the land, Meyer-Buck family and Lodge, Empire Gun Club, Elkhorn Dairy Farm R esf ? King, John Michael 1982. Historical overview of the Elkhorn Slough area 55-70@ Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary: Cultural Resource Management
King, J.M.4 Elkhorn Slough, California, History, Monterey County R not here# UCSC Special Collection: F868.M7K56 p ?
King, J.M.
Griffin, J.R. 1983 Flora of Manzanita County Park 1-12 plantae P not here?
C King, J.M.
Mayer, M.
Oliver, J.
Ramer, B.
Small, D.
Silberstein, M. 1986c Monitoring ecological changes in the New South Marsh on Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary 1-72 Washington, D.C.~ Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, Sanctuary Programs Division, National Oceanic and Atmosphereic AdministrationW restored salt marsh, succession, monitoring, Elhorn Slough, Estuarine ecology, wetlands NOAA Technical Report Series Two hundred acres of diked wetland were returned to tidal action on the ElkhornSLough National Estuarine Sanctury October 6, 1983. This former marshland was used as dairy pasturage for over fourty years and had subsided up to 1 m. below the level of the adjacent undisturbed marsh. Channels were dug into the pasture and spoils piled into long peninsulas and islands 1.2-1.9 m above mean lower low water. This study documents the first two years of colonization into the new salt marsh area by plants and animals. The most striking pattern documented is the relatively rapid colonization of the site by the major animal groups and the slow colonization of the marsh by plants. Six months after restoration of tidal action, the species composition and abundance of invertebrates, fishes and birds in the South marsh was similar to comparable habitats in the adjacent Elkhorn Slough. In the next year, the seasonal changes in all three animal groups within the new wetland were similar to seasonal patterns in the natural habitats of Elkhorn Slough. After two years, the perennial halophyte, Salicornia virginica, dominated the plant cover in the new marsh. M$ draft of report; multiple copies (2) OCRM/SPD esf ? Kitazono, L.W. 1978e The chemical effects of an industrial effluent on the nearshore sediments at Moss Landing, California San Francsico, CA@ Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Francisco State University Kaiser Refractory ocean outfall; Moss Landing Harbor/Elkhorn Slough; pH; Effluent; aquatic toxicology, sediment chemistry, pollution, environmental impact, benthic M.A. Thesis Eighty-one samples were taken around Kaiser Refractories' ocean outfall at Moss Landing, and nine sediment samples were taken at the control station located near the mile entrance buoy to Moss Landing harbor. The sampling period was from August 1976 to August 1977. Sediment samples were analyzed for interstitial pH, particulate calcium and magnesium, total organic carbon and sediment grain size.
Significant negative correlations were observed between interstitial pH and distance from the diffuser. The processes which probably accounted for the observed correlations were: 1) diffusions of Kaiser's high pH effluent into the sediment; 2) dissolution of calcium carbonate fragments that were found in the sediment; and 3) variations in sediment grain size.
All samples containing anomalously high calcium concentrations were located 6 m or closer to Kaiser's diffuser. The observed high calcium concentrations were caused by calcium carbonate fragments in the sediments. These fragments were pieces of encrusting precipitate which lined the innner port walls of the diffuser. The fragments were sheared off by discharging effluent and also were blasted off during port cleaning.
Although chemical anomalies were observed in the sediemnt near the outfall, the areal extent of anomalies was small, and large volumes of sand migrate seasonally around the outfall. Therefore, the area with anomalous sediment chemistry was not only small, but also was an area where sediment movement will dissipate the effects of the effluent. M esf ?
Kleinfelder,Inc. 2002 Geotechnical Engineering Investigation for Proposed Union Pacific Railroad Bridge (103.27 Coast) Replacement Project at Parsons Slough in Monterey County, California 130 10-3012-84/GEO Union Pacific Railroad January 23, 2002 The following geotechnical engineering investigation has been prepared for the Union Pacific Railroad Bridge 103.27 Coast replacement project. The subject project will consist of constructing a new bridge in place of the existing timber-pile-supported wooden trestle ballast bridge currently crossing Parsons Slough. The geotechnical engineering investgation included the drilling of two deep soil borings in the slough channel on the western side of the bridge. We also provided environmental permitting services and followed compliance with several local, state, and federal environmental agencies with an interest in the project site area in conjunction with our geotechnical filed investigation for the subject project. The resulting documents include our Technical Work Plan report dated July 31, 2001 and our Spill Contingency Plan report, which was included as an appendix to the Technical Work Plan. These documents were prepared to apprise the environmental agencies of the activites associated with our geotechnical field investigation, utilizing barge-mounted and mud rotary drilling equipment, in accordance with their requirements for obtaining the necessary permits for the filed investigation. ?
Kleinrichert, S.P. ?? Moss Landing Wildlife Area 1-47& California Department of Fish and GameN shore birds, marine reserve, Elkhorn Slough, conservation, resource management Report. Conclusions:
The unique geographic setting along with the historic uses of the Moss Landing Wildlife Area has enabled it to become a primary haven for many species of waterfowl foraging, roosting, and breeding there. It has also become an important pit-stop for migrating species along the Pacific Coast. Thus, the purpose of the MLWA today, in preserving this precious waterfowl habitat, is extremely critical in a time in which increased human population is constantly threatening the destruction of many important unprotected waterfowl areas. The DF&G, as primary managers of the MLWA, have developed a very well thought out Management Plan, which will provide for the best interests of the waterfowl in the area, at all times of the year. The DF&G has focused much of their attention towards restoration efforts so far so that the area can be managed in the way the Management Plan specifies. However, when one steps away from everything and focuses in on the MLWA from the "BIG PICTURE" point of view, the conclusion can be made that the major component lacking is a work and monitoring program to implement the Management Plan. When a work and monitoring plan is developed for the Managment Plan, and is implemented, is when the management of the MLWA will be most beneficial to the waterfowl it is being managed for. R esf ?
Koebig and Koebig Inc., 1973j Moss Landing Harbor Plan: A study of the feasibility of industrial development of Moss Landing, CaliforniaD human impacts; Moss Landing; California; Development; marine; harbor M esfa? % Kopitov, A. M. 2003q Comparative ecological value of coastal live oak and eucalyptus woodlands in Elkhorn Slough watershed, California 134 p.
Field data DurhamF Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke UniversityL management, birds, plants, terrestrial, ecology, restoration, Elkhorn Slough
field data B R ? Kopitov, A. M. 2004z Comparative ecological value of Coastal Live Oak and Australian Blue Gum woodlands in Elkhorn Slough watershed, California 48 p.5 Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences Durham Duke UniversityL management, birds, plants, terrestrial, ecology, restoration, Elkhorn Slough# Master of Environmental Management ! Invasive woodlands serve as disturbance mechanisms causing fragmentation and habitat loss for native species. Common management strategies dealing with invasive plants usually call for complete eradication. This study focuses on comparing the ecological value of native Coastal Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) woodlands and invasive Australian Blue Gum (Eucalyptus globulus) woodlands with the aim this data will assist managers and land stewards in developing and prioritizing management options. I selected bird and understory vegetation as proxies for habitat value. I wanted to accomplish four objectives. Describe bird and understory communities of oak and eucalyptus woodlands. Assess the association between species composition and woodland structure. Identify indicator species for oak and eucalyptus woodlands. To accomplish these objectives, I used point counts and understory vegetation surveys in seven oak and seven eucalypt sites to quantify these two communities. To analyze community data, I used diversity indices and multivariate techniques. The results of this study indicate that oak woodlands provide greater habitat value than eucalpyt for native bird and understory communites. Bird diversity indices were statistically different. Bird species composition was correlated to woodland structure. Woodland specialists, Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus), Oak Titmouse (Baeolophus inornatus), California Quail (Callipepla californica), and Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), were identified as indicator species for coastal live oak woodlands, and an invasive bird species, European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) was identified as an indicator for eucalypt woodlands. Understory plant diversity indices were comparatively similar between oak and eucalypt sites. Understory composition was different for each woodland type. I identified 9 indicator species in oak woodlands and 4 indicator species in eucalypt woodlands. Park managers and land stewards can use this information to guide invasive species management protocols. Because invasive eucalypt woodlands do not provide the same value to native communities, I recommend containing and preventing the spread of eucalypt woodlands. I also recommend continued monitoring of study sites to assess the long-term effects of eucalypts on native communities. P esf ?
Kronschnabl, K. 1985d The effects of a coarse grain sediment placed on a mudflat in the Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary 1-18 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesR Elkhorn Slough, invertebrates, infauna, estuarine, benthic, ecology, sediment type Unpublished Student ReportK To determine if the emplacement of sand on the Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary has an effect on the diversity and abundances of infaunal invertebrates, six wooden frames were placed on an intertidal mudflat. Three of the frames contained medium grain sand and three contained the mud present in the sanctuary. These replicates and three more replicates of mud without frames (controls) were allowed to sit for four weeks. After sampling the replicates, very few differences could be detected between treatments. All three treatments were low in diversity and the abundance of each species was the same except for a significant decrease in the polychaete Streblospio benedicti found in the sand replicates. An increase of sediment on top of the sand replicates was possitively correlatd with an increase in the overall number of individuals. G esf? j Kudenov, J. D.
Blake, J. A. 1985Q A new species of Pseudeurythoe (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) from Central California 38-407 Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 84 1 Animals, Annelids, Invertebrates, Taxonomy, comparative Anatomy, Systematic Zoology, Ecology, Animal Distribution, Elkhorn Slough, marine, intertidal, Pseudeurythoe reducta A new intertidal amphinomid polychaete of the genus Pseudeurythoe [P. reducta], is described from the Elkhorn Slough in central California. The species is compared to related congeners. I esf ?
Kukowski, G.E. 1966- Fishes of Elkhorn Slough and surrounding area Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Vertebrates; Chordates Unpublished Student Report F not here ?
Kukowski, G.E. 1972 A checklist of the fishes of the Monterey Bay area including Elkhorn Slough, the San Lorenzo, Pajaro and Salinas Rivers: Annual Report, Part 2 1-72 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesM Fishes, taxonomy, Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, marine, ecology, distribution Technical Publication* A data compilation consisting of lists of tables identifying the fishes of the Monterey Bay Area. The first table presents all the species reported in the bay area including the river and slough areas. There follows tables identifying: fishes not yet reported in Monterey Bay but whose ranges include the area; fishes reported and literature sources; fishes reported from Elkhorn Slough, from the San Lorenzo River, from the Pajaro River, and from the Salinas River. A well documented list of literature sources with more than 190 references is included. F CASUC-MLML-TP-72-02 esf ?
j Kukowski, G.E. 1972b Southern range extension for the Yellowfin Goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus (Temminick and Schlegel) 1-3 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Freshwater fishes, Animal migrations, Marking, Distribution, Rivers, Fishing grounds, Fishing, California, Reprints, Vertebrates, Chordates, Sea Grant program, Acanthogobius flavimanus, Monterey County Report Apr 1972 Four specimens of the yellowfin goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus have been collected from Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California. Each fish is documented with the name of the individual who caught the fish, the date and location where the fish was caught, the fishing method used, the standard length of the fish, and the name of the collection where the fish was deposited and its collection number. The method for introducing the fish into Elkhorn Slough is speculated upon. (Author) F not here NOAA72120102"?
Kukowski, G. E. 1973I Results of the Sea Grant fishes sampling program for the 1971-1972 season 1-54 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Fishes, Fisheries, California, Statistical data, Sampling, Pajaro River, Elkorn Slough, Monterey Bay, Sea Grant program. Vertebrates, Chordates Technical Publication May 1973 The report contains results of two activities. The first presents results from sampling the Pajaro River and Elkhorn Slough. The second presents benthic fishes associations from two depths in Monterey Bay, CA. Tables list fishes found in the Pajaro River, the Elkhorn Slough and in Monterey Bay. Similarity indices are tabulated. Finally the statistical significances of the results are also tabulated. F, M not here CASUC-MLML-TP-73-06 ? j Kusher, D.I. 1987R Age and growth of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata, from central California 1-36 Department of Marine Biology@ Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Francisco State University fish, Elkhorn Slough, elasmobranches, leopard sharks, marine, estuary, benthic, ecology, age, growth, sexual maturity, reproduction M.A. Thesis Age, growth and sexual maturation of Triakis semifasciata was studied. Growth zones of 129 vertebral centra produced von Bertalanffy growth curves with L=1724 mm, K=0.0717, and to=-2.302 for both sexes combined. Seasonal changes in size modes of young-of-the-year, tag-recapture and tetracycline-marked growth data, and centrum edge characteristics supported the hypothesis of annual deposition of vertebral band pairs. Sexual maturity was judged by developmental stage of reproductive structures and products (sperm/eggs). Males mature at 7 years and at 0.63 of asymptotic length, and females mature at 0.72 of asymptotic length at 10 years. Slow growth and late maturity may add to susceptibility of leopard sharks to over-exploitation. F esf ? j ' Kusher, D.I.
Smith, S.E.
Cailliet, G.M. 1992b Validated age and growth of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata, with comments on reproduction 187-203 Environmental Biology of Fishes 35 23 fish, Elkhorn Slough, Vertebrates, Chordates, Chondrichthyes, Exploitation Fishery, Life History, Tetracycline, Mark-Recapture, Tagging, California, age, growth, reproduction, von Bertalanffy growth curves, ecology, marine, benthic, elasmobranches, estuarine, Triakidae, population dynamics, ecology, marine The age, growth, and sexual maturation of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata, from central California [USA] were studied. Growth band counts in vertebral centra of 162 leopard sharks produced von Bertalanffy growth curves with L.infinity., K. and to parameters of 1536mm. 0.082, and -2.31, respectively, for both sexes combined. The L.infinity. value for females (1602 mm TL) was slightly but insignificantly higher than for males (1499 mm TL), but the K and to values were almost identical. Seasonal changes in size modes of young-of-the-year leopard sharks, centrum edge characteristics, and growth and tetracycline mark-recapture from the field were used to validate annual deposition of vertebral centrum band pairs. Sexual maturity was evaluated by the gonads and presence of sperm and eggs; males mature at 7 yr and at about 63% of asymptotic length, and female mature at 10 yr, and at about 72% of asymptotic length. This slow growth, late maturity, and relatively low fecundity may increase their susceptibility to over-exploitation. F esfY? : Kvitek, R. G.
Fukayama, A. K.
Anderson, B. S.
Grimm, B. K. 1988R Sea otter foraging on deep-burrowing bivalves in a California [USA] coastal lagoon 157-168 Marine Biology 98 2+ Enhydra lutris Tivela stultorum, Tresus nuttallii, Saxidomus nuttali, Prey Biomass, Prey Abundance, Size Distribution, Foraging Strategy, Habitat Choice, Mustelidae, Carnivora, Mammalia, Mollusca, Invertebrata, Ecology, Elkhorn Slough , California, USA, marine, estuarine, burrowing depth, sea otter Sea otter, Enhydra lutris, predation had no detectable effect on abundance and size distribution of deep-burrowing bivalve prey in the Elkhorn Slough , California, USA. Up to 23 otters were present for 6 mo of the study period (March 1984 through April 1985). This is in contrast to previous studies of sea otter predation, especially on the shallow-burrowing Pismo clam Tivela stultorum, which can be found along the wave-exposed coast near the slough . The deep-burrowing clams Tresus nuttallii and Saxidomus nuttallii made up 61% of the prey taken in the slough , and are more difficult for otters to excavate than Pismo clams. The occurrence of foraging otters was highest in an area where the two bivalve prey were extremely abundant (.{approximates}. 18 individuals m-2). However, the otters did not selectively prey on the largest clams available within the study sight, but foraged preferentially in a patch of smaller individuals where bivalve burrow depth was restricted by the presence of a dense clay layer. This foraging strategy maximized the amount of prey biomass obtained per unit volume of sediment excavated. Our findings suggest that in soft-sediment habitats deep-burrowing bivalves may be more resistant to otter predation than shallower burrowers. V] http://www.springerlink.com/content/q670215348248088/?p=460c7456aa4549068f13731d7ac10dec&pi=1 esf
Ʀ? Kvitek, R.G.
Oliver, J.S. 1988e Sea otter foraging habits and effects on prey populations and communities in soft-bottom environments 22-47# The Community Ecology of Sea Otters 65 VanBlaricom, G.R.
Estes, J.A. New York, NY Springer-Verlag Animals, Carnivores, Chordates, Invertebrates, Mammals, Mollusks, Crustaceans, Vertebrates, Enhydra lutris, sea otters, Tivela stultorum, Tresus nuttallii, Saxidomus nuttali, Cancer magister, Cancer productus, crabs, clams, Prey Biomass, Abundance, Size Distribution, Foraging Strategy, Habitat Choice, Ecology, Metabolism, Nutrition, ecology, marine, benthic, Elkhorn Slough, Alaska, California, Monterey Bay, Prince William Sound
In this chapter we review what is known about the foraging habits of sea otters in soft-sediment environments, including their influence on prey populations and communities. The diets of sea otters and the different prey communities in soft-bottom habitats are also described. We consider the vulnerability of prey populations, the community effect of feeding disturbance, and some major differences between foraging on soft and rocky substrates. Whenever possible, we suggest where future research is needed to increase our understanding of the community ecology of sea otters in soft-sediment environments.
Sea otters consume over 30 spp (primarily clams) of soft-sediment prey. These can be divided into three functional groups: epifauna, shallow-burrowing infauna, and deep-burrowing infauna. The most important epifaunal prey are crabs especially Dungeness and red crabs (Cancer magister and Cancer productus).
The shallow-burrowing infaunal prey are primarily suspension-feeding clams that live in the surface layer of the sediment. The number of Pismo clams (Tivela stultorum) caught by clammers decreased markedly after foraging sea otters first arrived at several California beaches - however there may be other causes for this decline than just sea otter predation.
The deep-burrowing infauna are primarily species of long-siphoned clams that often live below 30 cm and sometimes deeper than 1 m into the sediment. Several populations of these deeply buried species have persisted for longer periods of time than the Pismo clam or crabs in spite of otter predation, suggesting an effective depth refuge. Unlike the epifauna and shallow-burrowing infauna, sea otters must excavate considerable quantities of sediments to obtain the deep-burrowing species. In the process they create distinct feeding excavations or pits on the sea floor which greatly modify the primary substrate, the structure of the porewater system and the burrow-associated microhabitats. The discarded shells of bivalve prey also provide hard substratum for colonization by fouling organisms in habitats where this substrate is otherwise scarce. Thus, sea otter predation on deep-burrowing infauna may have the broadest ecological effects despite this prey's reduced vulnerability to otter predation.
In rocky habitats otters select the largest individuals of prey and cause major and rapid declines in preferred prey populations. In soft-sediment areas this is only documented for the epifauna and shallow-burrowing infaunal prey. Many soft-sediment prey enjoy better refuges than rocky prey due to greater habitat expanse and a more cryptic life habit. Since rocky habitats are like small islands in a sea of soft sediment, sea otters may depend on soft-bottom habitats as much or even more than on the rocky shore. V) Ecological Studies Analysis and Synthesis esf ?
6 Kvitek, R. G.
Sharp, G. D.
Vancoops, J.
Fitzgerald, M. 1995N Image applications for coastal resource planning: Elkhorn Slough pilot project 1-19 Monterey, CAC Cooperative Institute for Research in the Integrated Ocean Sciences0 Coasts; Habitats; Image classification; Land use; Losses; Remote sensing; Scene analysis; Thematic mapping; Imaging techniques; Imagery; Multispectral photography; Thematic Mapping; Change detection; Classifications; Erosion; Image analysis; Monterey bay (Ca); U-2 aircraft; Vegetation; Watersheds4 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Report
7 Dec 1995I The purpose of this project has been to evaluate the utility of digital spectral imagery at two levels of resolution for large scale, accurate, auto-classification of land cover along the Central California Coast. Our approach is to compare vegetation and habitat classification results from two aircraft-based spectral scenes covering the same study area but at different levels of resolution with a previously produced ground-truthed land cover base map of the area. Both of the spectral images used for this project were of significantly higher resolution than the satellite-based LandSat scenes used in the C-CAP program. The lower reaches of the Elkhorn Slough watershed was chosen as an ideal study site because it encompasses a suite of important vegetation types and habitat loss processes characteristic of the central coast region. M not here
NASACR-2000589?
l Kvitek, R.G.
Silberstein, M.A.
Oliver, J. S.
Slattery, P.N.
Jong, C.
Nybakken, J.
Anderson, B. S.
Finn, K. 1996Q Persistence and change of infaunal invertebrate communities in the Elkhorn Slough 1-240 invertebrates, community ecology, Elkhorn Slough Unpublished Manuscript I sp esf ?
Laabs, D 2003\ Surveys for the Santa Cruz Long Toed Salamander at McClusky Slough and Zmudowski State Beach Monterey, California Biosearch Wildlife Surveys *?
Lacocca, R.
Cohen, J. 1971a A preliminary study of the effect of the PG&E warm water outfall on the ecology of Elkhorn Slough Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories5 Elkhorn Slough; pg & e; water; ecology; human impacts Unpublished Student Report M not here J?
\ Ladd, J.M.
Hayes, S.P.
Martin, M.
Stephenson, M.D.
Coale, S.L.
Linfield, J.
Brown, M. 19848 California State Mussel Watch: 1981-1983 Biennial Report 1-146 Sacramento, CA# State Water Resources Control Board Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution, Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing Harbor, aquatic toxicology Water Quality Monitoring Report The California State Mussel Watch Program monitored toxic pollutant levels in mussels from coastal, bay and estuarine areas duirng 1981-83. This effort was a continuation of an ongoing program sponsored by the State Water Resources Control Board and performed by the Department of Fish and Game. Samples were analyzed for about 55 synthetic organic compounds - primarily chlorinated pesticides and PCBs - and about 10 trace metals. Collections from coastal and bay/estuarine areas were made at over 150 stations during 1981-1983. In addition to routine baseline monitoring, a major portion of the effort was devoted to site-specific surveys, including:
1) Redwood Creek in South SanFrancisco Bay for silver
2) Moss Landing drainage for the pesticides DDT, Endosulfan, and Toxaphene
3) Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor for DDT
4) Newport Bay for trace metal and PCBs
5) San Diego Bay for PCBs, copper, zinc, and silver I
No. 83-6TS esf ?
Lambert, C. 2006< Elkhorn Slough Watershed Project 1994 to 2005 Summary Report Salinas, California% Natural Resource Conservation Service X ?
j Landrau, E. 1993~ The effect of relative water motion on growth rate of Mytilus edulis in the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve 1-15 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratoriesz bivalves, mussels, invertebrates, Elkhorn Slough, marine, estuary, intertidal, benthic, ecology, growth rate, water motion Unpublished Student Reporta A species of mussels commonly seen off California is the blue or bay mussle Mytilus edulis. It mainly inhabits calm waters like bays, sloughs, and estuaries. Environmental conditions in each habitat may limit the size of the mussels located in that region. This study was conducted to examine the effect relative water motion had on growth rate of M. edulis. The study was conducted at the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, in Watsonville, CA. Mytilus edulis were collected from a slow-water motion zone, and then transferred to three study sites (A, B, and C), each of which had two areas, a fast-water motion area and a slow-water motion area. The mean shell length increase was not significantly different between the two water motions. There was no significant relationship between the mean shell length increase and the relative water motion. I, W esf?
F Larrabee, Lisa
Jones & Stokes Associates,
California State University, 1996B Moss Landing Marine Laboratories earthquake reconstruction project; Monterey County Planning and Building Inspection Department Buildings, Repair and reconstruction, Environmental aspects, California, Moss Landing, Marine laboratories, Environmental impact statements! Draft Environmental Impact Report G not here No. 96-01? Lauenstein, G. G.
Cantillo, Y. 2002? Contaminant trends in U.S. national estuarine research reserves 186 p.' NOAA NOS Technical Memorandum NCCOS 156X Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment; National Centers for Coastal Ocean ScienceE National Status and Trends Program, NOAA; U.S. Department of CommerceA Marine, estuary, pollution, benthic, contaminants, trace elements Inputs of toxic chemical provide one of the major types of anthropogenic stress threatening our Nation's coastal and estuarine waters. To assess this threat, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program Mussel Watch Project monitors the concentrations of more than 70 toxic chemicals in sediments and on the whole soft-parts of mussels and oysters at over 300 sites around the U.S. Twenty of the 25 designated areas that comprise NOAA's National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) have one or more Mussel Watch monitoring sites. Trace elements and organic contaminants were quauntified including As, Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, PCBs PAHs, DDT and its metabolites, and butyltins. The Mussel Watch sites located in or near the 20 Reserves provide for both status and trends. Generally the Reserves have trace element and organic contaminant concentrations that are at or below the median concentration determined for all NS&T Mussel Watch monitoring data. Trends were derived using the Spearman-rank correlation coefficient. It was possible to determine if trends exist for sites at which six or more years of data are available. Generally no trends were found for trace elements but when trends were found they were usually decreasing. The same general conclusion holds for organic contaminants but more decreasing trends were found than for trace elements. The greatest number of decreasing trends were found for tributyltin and its metabolites. C not here ? j
Laurent, L.L. 1971n The spawning Cycle and Juvenile Growth Rate of the Gaper Clam, Tresus nuttallii, of Elkhorn Slough, California 1-56 San Francisco, CA@ Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Francisco State University bivalvia, invertebrates, Mollusca, clam, Tresus nuttali, Elkhorn Slough, marine, estuary, mud flats, benthic, intertidal, ecology, spawning, reproduction, growth rates M.A. Thesis A twelve month study to determine the spawning cycle of adult clams, Tresus nuttalli, and the growth rates of their juveniles was conducted in Elkhorn Slough, California. The spawning study was accomplished by histological inspection of the gonads of clams collected during each series of tides lower than -0,7 ft. An attempt was made to determine growth rates of the juveniles by two methods; frequency distribution analysis of population samples taken during every low tide series and by maintenance of premeasured juveniles in a controlled situation under natural conditions.
The study revealed that the spawning cycle of Tresus nuttalli extends through most of the year with the exception of July and August when a majority of clams appeared sexually inactive. Correlation of gonadal maturity with juvenile abundance suggests that there are winter peaks of spawning. No sexual size dimorphism was found and the clams proved to be strictly dioecious.
Determination of juvenile growth rates by probability paper analysis proved unsuccessful due to prolonged sqawning periods. However, a study of the growth of juveniles in a controlled situation revealed that juveniles with shell lengths between 4.0 mm and about 20.0 mm grow and average rate of near 0.25 mm per day. I sp esf1? Leccese, M. 1994 A really big slough: Landscape-architect Janecki, Joni L., assisting efforts to heal the Elkhorn Slough wetlands and grasslands 24+ Landscape Architecture 84 5U Elkhorn Slough, architecture, restoration, wetlands, grasslands, estuary, terrestrial R not hereD ?
Lee, M. 1949Z The distribution of Urechis caupo at Elkhorn Slough, with remarks on some limiting factors< Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley Invertebrates, Echiura, Urechis caupo, fat innkeeper worm, ecology, Elkhorn Slough, estuarine, benthic, distribution, sediment composition Unpublished Student Report An attempt was made to determine the range of Urechis caupo on the mud flats of Elkhorn slough and to explain what factors might be responsible for limitations of the range. In order to do this it was necessary to find some means of identifying the burrows, and such means are described. A description of Elkhorn Slough, with particular reference to the north branch, is given. The distribution was mapped and determinations of soil type were carried out with respect to sand and mud type and quantity. The distribution of the animal has been mapped. In explaining the limitations of the distribution it has been suggested that temperature, dessication, and oxygen requirements are not involved and reasons for this are given. It is, however, suggested that physical barriers to burrowing exists in regions that are otherwise satisfactory for the amainal but that this may only be of minor importance. The major factor is thought to be the amount of black mud present in the sand, assuming that this is a measure of the content of detritus, and the major food of Urechis. There appears to be a close correlation between the presence of such black mud and the presence of Urechis burrows. I5 only have abstract
also listed as Zoology, 27:112-212 esf?
Leedshill-Herkenhoff Inc, 1985' Salinas Valley seawater intrusion study 1-213 San Francisco, CA` seawater intrusion, Salinas Valley, water supplies, aquafers, agricullture, groundwater, geologyK Report to the Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District] The study area comprises the Salinas Valley. In addition to the Salinas Valley, the related water requirment of the Marina-Fort Ord area is also considered with respect to seawater intrusion problem. Major tasks in the scope fo the work area as follows:
1) Document the history of seawater intrusion
2) Update the seawater intrusion prolem
3) determine the consequences of inaction on the seawater intrusion problems
4) Identify alternative methods to prevent further seawater intrusion
5) Recommend a method to prevent further seawater intrusion and develop and action plan
6) analyze the District's authority to implement the recommended measures
7) develop an institutional and financial plan for implementation of recommended actions
8) prepare a draft report for public review
9) prepare a final report incorporating changes resulting from a public hearing W! extra copy of the TOC and summary esf ? X Lefebvre, Kathi Ann 1995P Nebalia pugettensis (Crustacea, Leptostraca) as a sediment bioassay test species Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesE Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Crustacea, biomonitoring, pollution assays M.S. Thesis I not here $want abstract|? 0 Lemos, Ricardo T.
Sanso, Bruno
Huertos, Marc Los 2007D Spatially varying temperature trends in a Central California estuary 379-396? Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics 12 3] Bayesian modeling; mixture models; space-time models; time-varying trends; water quality data Sep We consider monthly temperature data collected over a period of 16 years at 24 stations in the estuarine wetlands of the Elkhorn Slough watershed, located in the Monterey Bay area in Central California, USA. Our goal is to develop a statistical model in order to separate the seasonal cycle, short-term fluctuations, and long-term trends, while accounting for the spatial variability of these features. In the model, each station has a specific, time-invariant mixture of two seasonal patterns, to encompass the spatial variability of oceanic influence. Likewise, trends are modeled as local mixtures of two patterns, to include the spatial variability of long-term temperature change. Finally, all stations share a common baseline, whose temporal variability is linearly dependent on a variable that summarizes several atmospheric measurements. We use a Bayesian approach with a purposely developed Markov chain Monte Carlo method to explore the posterior distribution of the parameters. We find that the seasonal cycles have changed in time, that neighboring stations can have substantially different behaviors, and that most stations show significant warming trends. C, W Copy at ESNERR 1085-7117 BIOSIS:PREV200700578998 ? Levitt, J.M. 1989p The effect of Sulfide on the Anaerobic Metabolism in Two Congeneric Species of Mudflat Clams from Elkhorn Slough 1-53 Department of Biology San Francisco, CA@ Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Fransisco State University Mollusca, bivalves, invertebrates, Macoma nasuta, Macoma secta, anaerobic metabolism, sulfide metabolism, anoxia, glycolysis, Krebs cycle (TCA cycle), octopine, lactate, regulation, glycogen reserves, physiology, biochemistry, infauna, Elkhorn Slough M.A. Thesisg
Mudflat dwelling bivalves undergo intermittent periods of anoxia during tidal exposure. During low tide, sediment concentrations of hydrogen sulfide increases as a result of bacterial degradation of proteins and low oxygen tensions. The effects of sulfide on anaerobic metabolism were investigated in Macoma secta and Macoma nasuta, two clams resident in Elkhorn Slough. Both species showed a generally lower tolerance to anoxia when sulfide was present in the environment, and M. secta showed a lower overall tolerance to anoxia than M. nasuta. When exposed to a constant external concentration of 100 microM sulfide M. secta and M. nasuta were both able to maintain an internal sulfide concentration substantially below that of the environment during the first 28 hrs. After 120 hrs however, M. nasuta showed a significantly lower internal sulfide level than M. secta. Changes in ten metabolites from the glycolytic and anaerobic pathways were measured following a 120 hr incubation in one of three environmental conditions: oxygenated seawater (oxy-control), deoxygenated seawater with no sulfide (deox0), or deoxygenated seawater with 100 microM sulfide (deox100). There was no difference in the utilization of glucose, glycogen, and aspartate energy reserves by M. secta incubated in either the deoc0 or deox10 environments. M. nasuta however, showed a significantly higher overall glycogen reserve, and a lower utilization of glucose and aspartate following incubation in the deox100 anoxic sulfide environments. No inter-species differences were observed in levels of post-glycolytic and Krebs cycle metabolites: glycerate 2-phosphate, phosphenolphyruvate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, or succinate. The levels of lactate in both M. secta and M. nasuta were significantly lower following anoxic incubation in the presence of sulfide than in either the oxy-control or the deox0 treatments. In contrast, concentrations of octopine were elevated above oxy-control levels in both species following anoxic incubation in the presence of sulfide, and M. nasuta showed significantly lower overall levels of octopine and M secta in both deox0 and deox100 incubations. The results suggest that M. nasuta has the ability to regulate its basal metabolic rate during anoxic incubation in response to sulfide exposure. The greater tolerance to anoxia demonstrated by M. nasuta may, in part, be accounted for by: 1) an ability to reduce its metabolic rate in the presence of sulfide, 2) significantly higher whole body glycogen reserves, and 3) the ability to maintain its internal sulfide concentrations below that of the environment for alonger period of time than M. secta. I, C& multiple copies (2) + copy of abstract esf I?
Lin, P.P. 2006_ Prevalence of parasitic larval trematodes in Batillaria attramentaria throughout Elkhorn SloughP Elkhorn Slough Foundation and Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve+ Elkhorn Slough Technical Report Series 2006? http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Lin_2006.pdf 1 ? Lindley, D. 1985# The 'reclamation' of Elkhorn Slough 22-25 Outdoor California 464 Elkhorn Slough, estuary, conservation, human impacts$ discusses conservation of the slough M esf ? Lindquist, D.C. 1998M The effects of erosion on the trophic ecology of fishes in Elkhorn Slough, CA 1-65 Department of Marine ScienceF Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University, Hayward fish, Elkhorn Slough, marine, estuary, benthic, pelagic, ecology, trophic ecology, erosion, sediment, invertebrates, crustaceans M.S. Thesiss Estuaries and other shallow coastal embayments function as nursery areas for various fish species. Their productivity is often at risk from natural and anthropogenic habitat alterations. In Elkhorn Slough, levee breaches during the 1980s have increased the tidal volume and tidal currents, and have exacerbated already high rates of erosion throughout the slough. To assess the potential impacts of erosion on fish trophic ecology, feeding habits were analyzed at four stations which have experienced different rates of erosion and compared to data taken in the 1970s, before the increased rates of erosion, by Barry et al 1996. Of nine fish species in both these studies, significant differences were found in the diets of topsmelt, Atherinops affinis, and two prior polychaete and mollusc feeders: the English sole, Pleuronectes vetulus, and the white surfperch, Phanerodon furcatus. Notable differences in diet were also found for the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. Overall, the diversity of fishes diets has decreased since the 1970s, due to increased importance of epifaunal crustaceans and detritus and lower emphasis on polychaetes and molluscs. Similar results were found for the combined feeding habits of fishes at each station. Comparison of fish diets among stations indicated that the station experiencing the least erosion, Rubis Creek, had diets more similar to what was documented during the 1970s. Diets of fishes at stations with higher rates of erosion, were more greatly altered over time. Data on sediment characteristics showed that grain size was similar among stations, and the sediment particle distribution has shifted toward firm clay. Invertebrate assemblages also changed at stations experiencing erosion. Densities of invertebrates were significantly lower during the present study, the relative abundance of infaunal worms decreased over time, and the invertebrate assemblages are now dominated by epifaunal crustacea. The results of this study indicate that increased rates of erosion associated with elevated tidal flushing has resulted in a more homogeneous system as fish species shift their diets to fewer available prey. F esf Q?
5 Linn, J.D.
Reiner,C.
Crane, D.
Smith, L.
Seto, W. 19864 Toxic Substances Monitoring Program 1985 Data Report 1-153 Rancho Cordova, CAE California Department of Fish and Game, Environmental Services Brancha Salinas River, Watsonville Slough, fish, aquatic toxicology, pollution, monitoring, baseline data Laboratory Report The approach of the Toxic Substances Monitoring Program (TSMP) is to determine presence and magniture of toxic substances in California waters by analyzing resident fish (tissues, organs, or in some cases whole fish) for trace metals and synthetic organic compounds. This approach take advantage of the organisms ability to integrate toxicant exposure over time and concentrate toxicants to measureable levels. Often these substances remain undetectable in water. The goals and objectives of the TSMP are as follows:
1) develop uniform statewide baseline data and report temporal and spatial trends in toxic substances.
2) Assess the impact of accumulated toxicants on aquatic biota and man's uses of the water's.
3) Identify sources of toxicants and relate concentrations found in the biota to levels found in the water
4) Develop data to assist in the defining toxicant problem areas, to provide a basis for design of applied monitoring studies, and to recommend corrective measures. M No. 86-1 esf ?
Local Coastal Program, 1980) Monterey County General Plan-North County 1-85# Monterey County Planning Department monterey county; California General Plan M not here u? ) Los Huertos, M.
Gentry, L. E.
Shennan, C. 2001i Land use and stream nitrogen concentrations in agricultural watersheds along the Central California coast 1-8 The Scientific World 1b marine sanctuary, water quality, nitrate, load, surface water, National Estuarine Research Reserve 2001J In coastal California nitrogen (N) in runoff from urban and agricultural land is suspected to impair surface water quality of creeks and rivers that discharge into the Monterey Bay Sanctuary. However, quantitative data on the impacts of land use activities on water quality are largely limited to unpublished reports and do not estimate N loading. We report on spatial and temporal patterns of N concentrations for several coastal creeks and rivers in central California. During the 2001 water year, we estimated that the Pajaro River at Chittenden exported 302.4 Mg of total N. Nitrate-N concentrations were typically <1 mg N l-1 in grazing lands, oak woodlands, and forests, but increased to a range of 1 to 20 mg N l-1 as surface waters passed through agricultural lands. Very high concentrations of nitrate (in excess of 80 mg N l-1) were found in selected agricultural ditches that received drainage from tiles (buried perforated pipes). Nitrate concentrations in these ditches remained high throughout the winter and spring, indicating nitrate was not being flushed out of the soil profile. We believe unused N fertilizer has accumulated in the shallow groundwater through many cropping cycles. Results are being used to organize landowners, resource managers, and growers to develop voluntary monitoring and water quality protection plans. M esf??
) Los Huertos, M.
Gentry, L. E.
Shennan, C. 2003_ Land use and water quality on California's central coast: Nutrient levels in coastal waterways 1-4Z Center for Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems. University of California, Santa CruzX Elkhorn Slough, agriculture, restoration, human impact, pollution, chemistry, management research brief Winter 2003 Describes a nonpoint source pollution study of Corralitos Creek, Pajaro River, and Watsonville Slough as related to agriculture's impact on water quality in Monterey Bay area M 2 esf ? Los Huertos, Marc William 1999o Nitrogen dynamics in vegetative buffer strips receiving nitrogen runoff in Elkhorn Slough Watershed, California 129 pp.# Department of Environmental Studies Santa Cruz, CA University of California Agriculture, Environmental aspects, Agricultural pollution, California, Elkhorn Slough, Watershed, Nitrogen cycle, Soil-binding plants, Estuarine ecology Ph.D. Dissertation M not here! UCSC Science Stacks: S589.75 .L67 ?
k Lowe, P. 1998Q Marsh loss in Elkhorn Slough, CA: Patterns, mechanisms, and impact on shorebirds 1-65} pickleweed, Salicornia virginica, Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing Harbor, plants, marsh, estuaries, birds, mudflat, habitat loss draft
June 30, 1998 Pickleweed (Salicornia virginica) marsh has declined in Elkhorn Slough, California over the last 50 years. Analysis of aerial photographs from 1931 to 1997 show significant decreases in pickleweed cover immediately after the opening of Moss Landing Harbor (1947) and the Loma Prieta Earthquake (1989). A transplant experiment was done to determine whether increased tidal elevation would decrease pickleweed mortality and increase growth and flowering in a deteriorated marsh 12 cm lower than a densely vegetated comparison marsh. Most plants at the lowest elevation, died within two years, while those in elevated boxes grew vigorously, suggesting that increased elevation decreased pickleweed mortality. Elevation surveys in dense and deteriorated marsh areas suggested that densely vegetated areas were higher. Bird surveys results in well-vegetated marsh, deteriorated marsh, and mudflat areas suggested that well-vegetated marsh was used by fewer species than the other habitats, but may provide important habitat at extreme high tides. B esf @ ? Lowe, Patricia Beresford 1999P Marsh loss in Elkhorn Slough, CA: Patterns, mechanisms, and impact on shorebirds 1-70 San Jose, CA San Jose State Universityv Salt marsh ecology, Estuarine ecology, Shore birds, Habitat, California, Elkhorn Slough, Vertebrates, Chordates, birds M. S. Thesis BF?
Lundsten, L. 2002T An evaluation of benthic infaunal community change from October 1992 to October 2001P Elkhorn Slough Foundation and Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve+ Elkhorn Slough Technical Report Series 2002D http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Lundsten_2002.pdf 1 ? Lydon, S. 19854 Chinese Gold: The Chinese in the Monterey Bay Region 1-550 Capitola, CA Capitola Book Company
local history H not here ?
Lyons, K.B.
Gilchrist, J.A. 19960 Moro Cojo Slough Management and Enhancement Plan Habitat Restoration Group M? MacDonald, K. B. 1969W Quantitative studies of salt marsh mollusc faunas from the North American Pacific coast 33-60 Ecological Monographs 39u invertebrates, Molluscs, Humboldt Bay, Tomales Bay, Elkhorn Slough, Mugu Lagoon, Mission Bay, California, San Quintin Bay, Black Warrior Bay, Baja, Gray's Harbor, Washington, Coos Bay, Oregon, vertical zonation, topography, oceanography, epifauna, infauna, tidal creek, salt marsh, ecology, North Pacific, Point Conception, latitudinal distribution, biogeography, saltmarsh
1) The primary aim of this study has been to describe quanitatively local, seasonal, and latitudinal variations within the restricted molluscan faunas that occur in the Spartina-Salicornia salt marshes of the North American Pacific Coast. Eleven of these marshes were examined at localities lying between latitudes 27-47N. Data pertaining to the physical enviornments, the salt marsh floras, and the molluscan faunas of both the salt marshes and the tidal creeks were collected at each of these sites.
2) The general concordance between north-south changes of climatic and oceanographic regimes was used as a basis for dividing the marshes and creeks investigated into 2 geographic groups, one containing the sites north of Point Conception, the other, those to the south.
3) Both the salt marshes and tidal creeks represent distinct sedimentary environments adn each contains a different mulluscan fauna. There are some indications that both salt marsh and tidal creek environments in the Californian Province contain a greater variety of species than do similar environments in the Oregonian Province.
4) When described in terms of the identity and number of species present and their respective relative abundances and size-frequency distributions, that faunas exhibited a characteristic "structure" that remained fairly uniform between different sites within the same faunal province. Within both environments, the community structure remained similar in the number of types of niches occupied, however in the tidal creek faunas the specific type changed with latitude.
5) The identity, relative abundance and size-frequency distributions of the more common species within the living faunas were adequately represented in their death assemblages. The later differed significantly from the living faunas both in the total numbers of species and the absolute density of individuals that they contained. Almost all of the "accidental" species were represented by very small numbers of individuals.
6) Of the models currently available in the ecological literature oly the logarithmic curve gave an adequate representation of the individuals-species relationships observed in the living fauna. The fit to observation was far poorer in the case of the death assemblages by became adequate when all the species represented by single occurences were eliminated.
7) The results of this investigation suggest that quantitative studies of fossil assemblages could yield useful information on the evolution of the "structure" seen in present day communities of plants and animals. I multiple copies (3) esf? MacFarland, F.M. 1906F Opisthobranchiate mollusca from Monterey Bay, California, and vicinity 109-151# Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 25 Invertebrates, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, exposed habitat, Pacific Grove, California, Hopkins Marine Station, coastal, intertidal, marine, systematics, natural history, morphology7 This paper does not puport to be a complete list fo the Doridoidea found in Monterey Bay and vicinity, but probably includes all of the commoner forms there represented. It is based upon collections made a various intervals since 1892, mostly in the immediate vicinity of Pacific Grove, CA. (Covers 20 species) IQ Have one complete copy and one addition copy of the introduction and species list esf ? MacGinitie, G.E. 1927$ Ecological aspects of Elkhorn Slough 1-206
Palo Alto, CA+ Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University invertebrates, Elkhorn Slough M.A. Thesis R not here sp esf ~? MacGinitie, G.E. 19351 Ecological aspects of a California marine estuary 629-765 American Midland Naturalist 16 5l Invertebrates, Vertebrates, Ecology,Elkhorn Slough, natural history, estuary, marine ecology, marine biology Includes the following:
Introduction to Elkhorn Slough
Materials Used
Location and Physical Features
Tides,
Bottom Soil
Plant Life
Temperature,
Oxygen,
Salinity,
Light,
Pollution
Food supply
Association, Zoning and Numbers,
Abundance of Organisms,
New species and Extension of Ranges
Parasitism and commensalism
Tropisms in General
Nocturnal Activities
Concerning Migrations from Ocean to Land
Geological Indications
Phyletic Catalog of Animals
Bibliography R pdf available at ESNERR sp esf ńO? # MacGinitie, G.E.
MacGinitie, Nettie 1949! Natural history of marine animals 473 pp. New York, NY McGraw-Hill 1st( Marine fauna; Vertebrates, Invertebrates R not here O? $ MacGinitie, G. E.
MacGinitie, Nettie 1968! Natural history of marine animals 523 pp. New York, NY McGraw-Hill 2d* Marine animals, Vertebrates, Invertebrates R not here ?
Mackey, R.B. 1993_ Effects of macroalgal mats on benthic infaunal abudance patterns in a mudflat of Elkhorn Slough Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
Invertebrates Unpublished Student Report P, I $want abstract?
Madrone Associates, 1976= Biological assessment: Proposed Moss Landing Harbor expansion 1-91 San Rafael, CAO environmental impact assessment, Moss Landing Harbor, mitigation, human impacts* Report to the Moss Landing Harbor District This report assesses the impacts on the natural environment of two proposed alternatives for the expansion of Moss Landing Harbor. It has been well established that most development results in predominately adverse impacts upon vegetation and wildlife. The Moss Landing Harbor District has retained Mondrone Associates to assess these biological impacts so as to determine appropriate mitigation measures for the selected alternatives.
Existing environmental conditions have been determined by compiling all known reliable data. In addition, and where feasible, Madrone Associates biologists have conducted new field studies to augment know information. M esf ?
Madrone Associates, 1977 Draft Environmental Impact Report: Wastewater facilities for Monterey County Service Srea No. 66 and Pajaro County Sanitation Sistrict 1-222
Novato, CA7 Monterey Bay area, sanitation, pollution, water quality State Clean Water Grant Project Las Lomas
The primary objective of the Monterey County Service Area No. 66 (Las Lomas) Wastewater Facilities Plan is to comply with directives of the Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. The proposed plan includes the following:
* a collection system
* a transport pipeline connecting to the Pajaro interceptor
* wastewater treatment at the existing Watsonville treatment plant or a new Pajaro treatment plant
This plan would eliminate the existing public health hazard in Las Lomas. Total annual project cost is estimated at between $184,000 and $204,000 with treatment at Watsonville.
Pajaro
The objective of the Pajaro County Santitation District improvment to the existing wastewater system is to eliminate the public health hazard resulting from leaks and overflows from pipelines. A further objective is to make use of that capacity at the Watsonville treatment plant to which Pajaro currently has rights. During the study of wastwater facilities for the Las Lomas Service Area, it became apparent that a joint planning effort for Las Lomas and Pajaro would result in the most efficient wastewater management plan for the area. Therefore, the scope of this study was expanded to include Pajaro.
Total annual project cost is estimated at between $202,000 and $292,000 including Las Lomas flows. The IMPACT OVERVIEW chapter of this report provides a summary of the impacts of both projects and the alternative plans. M No. C-06_1318-010 esf s?
# Madrone Associates,
Jones & Stokes, 1979E Pre-acquisition planning study for Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary 1-141
Novato, CA7 Prepared for the California Department of Fish and Game? Marine parks and reserves, California, Elkhorn Slough, Planning
Review Draft. February 28, 1979 M5 UCSC Science Maps: QH91.75.U5P74
Library Use Only
esf ?
Mahoney, M. 2000d On the presence of dissolved phosphorous in Moro Cojo Slough with notes on the Salinas River Channel?
Majmundar, H. 1980I Distribution of heavy elements hazardous to health, Salinas Valley Region 1-57 Sacramento, CA( California Division of Mines and GeologyQ salinas valley; pollutants; heavy metals; health hazard; chemistry; human impacts C, M not here?
k Maldini, D. 1990s Aerial survey of Elkhorn Slough, California to assess abundance and distribution of great egret (Casmerodius albus) 1-7 Moss Landing Moss Landing Marine Laboratories: birds; egrets; aerial surveys; California; natural history proposal
December 1990 B not here esf v?
Malzone, C.
Kvitek, R. 1994D Tidal scour, erosion, and habitat loss in Elkhorn Slough, California/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationF tidal scour; Elkhorn Slough; California; estuary; marsh; human impacts Elkhorn Slough Foundation Report
Dec. 31, 19940 This work documents recent changes in the tidal volume, salt marsh cover, channel widths and current speeds in Elkhorn Slough, California. The present rates of channel and bank erosion in the Elkhorn Slough indicate that the tidal scour process has yet to reach a steady state and is still increasing. Tidal volume of the slough increased 43% in the last decade. Surface area covered with salt water increased by 48%. Tidal currents increased to nearly 3 knots, more than 50% above those measured in the 1970's. Tidal channell widths have increased by as much as 40% in the Parson's Slough area. Erosion of salt marsh and levee banks show losses of >1 m/yr in the last year of study. The detailed bathymetry of the slough channel was surveyed twice during the study period. The channel has deepened and widened since the last survey was done in 1987. Estimates of suspended sediment loss shows between 2,200 - 5,000 cubic yards per year eroded from the slough (2 - 5,000,000 kg/yr.). A series of recommendations are proposed to slow tidal currents in the slough. G Award No. NA370M0523 esf D D?
Malzone, C.M. 1999P Tidal scour and its relation to erosion and sediment transport in Elkhorn Slough Department of Geology San Jose, CA> Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and San Jose State UniversityP tidal volume, bathymetry, bank erosion, tidal, hydrologic and sediment transport M.S. Thesis Gx ?
Manning, J.C. 1963= Resume of groundwater hydrology in Salinas Valley, California 106-1095 Guidebook to the Salinas Valley and San Andreas Fault} Pacific Section of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists% salinas valley; hydrology; California W not here Annual spring field trip?
Marchette, Nyven J. 1952F The invertebrate associates of some common Monterey intertidal sponges 1-22 Bodega Marine Laboratory@ Elkhorn Slough; Invertebrates; Hopkins Marine Station; Porifera; Unpublished Student Report I not here $want abstractb? Marcus, Laurel 1991 Elkhorn Slough 8-11 California Coast & Ocean 7 49 Estuary, habitat conservation, California, Elkhorn Slough Citizens of northern Monterey County worked successfully together to save a major coastal estuary from destruction. The next challenge: how to help farms and wetlands thrive as neighbors. R esf N? Marcus, Laurel 1991 Cultivating good neighbors 14, 29 California Coast & Ocean 7 4F Estuary, habitat conservation, California, Elkhorn Slough, agriculture So the slough had ben "saved". But was it really? To protect the ecosystem from ongoing damage, some imaginative new projects were launched. R esf ? Marcus, Laurel 1991 Slough confessions 12-13,16-28 California Coast & Ocean 7 49 Estuary, habitat conservation, California, Elkhorn Slough Those who led the struggle to protect Elkhorn Slough share a vision - each from his own perspective (includes interviews with Mark Silberstein, Louis Calcagno, Marc Del Piero, Bruce Elliott, John Oliver, Craig Pritchard). R esf :? X
Marelli, D.C. 1981j New records for Caprellidae in California, USA, and notes on a morphological variant of Caprella verrucosa 654-6623 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 3 Crustaceans, Invertebrates, San Francisco, Elkhorn Slough, California, Caprella alaskana, Caprella mutica, Caprella acanthogaster humboltiensis, Caprella scaura, Estuary, Monterey Bay, Humboldt, Ecology, Comparative Anatomy, Animal Distribution, taxonomy, natural history, marine, bethic Recent collections of caprellid amphipods from Humboldt Bay, San Francisco Bay, and Elkhorn Slough (a small estuary associated with Monterey Bay), California have yielded specimens of C. scaura new to North America, and C. alaskana, representing southern range extension. Specimens of C. mutica were also collected, and C. acanthogaster humboldtiensis is treated as a junior synonym of C. mutica. Notes are included on an undescribed morphological variant of C. verrucosa. I esf ? Margolin, M. 1978F The Ohlone Way: Indian Life in San Francisco Bay and Monterey Bay Area 1-182 Berkeley, CA Heyday Books= ohlone; indians; san francisco bay; Monterey Bay; archaeology H not here
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j Marrack, L.
Lowe, T. 1993b The relationship between elevation and Salicornia virginica die-back in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-13 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratoriesf Elkhorn Slough, plants, pickleweed, salt marsh, Salicornia, intertidal, estuary, ecology, conservation Unpublished Student Report Elkhorn Slough is an example of the worldwide loss of marsh habitat. Rapid erosion along channels is one cause of marsh vegetation loss that has been documented. However, death of the dominant species Salicornia virginica is occuring in large inner marsh areas that are not associated with channels. Reasons for this die-back area not obvious. Possibilities for inner marsh die-back include erosion of substrate, changes in soil nutrients and salinity, pollution, and, most likely, increased tidal immersion. As a first step in determing why Salicornia is dying in Elkhorn Slough, this study tested for differences in relative elevation between healthy, thinning, and dead patches of Salicornia. Three sites were selected in the upper slough near Kirby Park to illustrate a range of pickleweed cover. At every site, percent cover and elevation measurments were taken in 12 0.5 sq. m quadrats using stratified random sampling. Sampling was stratified to insure that the range of Salicornia coverage was included in the data. At two of the sites there was a statistically significant relationship between elevation and percent of succulent Salicornia cover. One site represented a higher marsh than the others and did not show any relationship between Salicornia health and elevation. Although the leveler was precise, moving it from site to site introduced errors in elevation measurement and confounded comparisons between sites. However, the measurments in this study suggest that there is a significant relationship between Salicornia health and elevation above sea level in the Kirby Park area of Elkhorn Slough. Tidal inundation, usually dependent on elevation above sea level, has been shown in other studies to have an important effect on pickleweek health. It is possible that the low-lying, waterlogged marsh substratum of the slough could have settling enough in the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake to have caused increases in tidal inundation and subsequent Salicornia die-back. Permanant bench marks that have dropped in elevation between 1977 and 1992 support this hypothesis. Further inquiry into the effects of Enteromorpha mats, pollution, and other factors of Salicornia are essential before any conclusions regarding the loss of inner marsh at Elkhorn Slough are made. P esf >? Martin, B.D.
Emery, K. O. 1967& Geology of Monterey Canyon, California 2281-23046 The American Association Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 51 11C Elkhorn Slough, geology, terrestrial, characterization, fault linesE
New data from marine dredgings off Monterey, CA correlated with wells and outcrops on land indicate that Monterey, Carmel, and Soquel submarine canyons are related closely to the geological history of the continent.
Upper Pliocene siltstone and sandstone bodies in Monterey Canyon correlate with the Pomponio Member of the Purisima Formation in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Granodiorites exposed along the south slope of Monterey Canyon and the east slope of Carmel Canyon correlate with lower Upper Cretaceous Santa Lucia granodiorite on land. Siliceous siltstone, highly-indurated micritic limestone and metamorphic rocks comprise the west slope of Carmel Canyon. These siltstone and limestone beds contain silicoflagellates, radiolarians, and middle Miocene diatoms, but no Foraminifera. Quartzite from Carmel Canyon probably correlates with the pre-Cretaceous Sur series.
A seaward extension of Sur and Palo Colorado faults separates sedimentary and metamorphic rocks form igneous ones in Carmel Canyon; it probably continues northward to connect with the San Gregorio fault in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Monterey fault in Monterey Canyon separates upper Pliocene rocks on one side from granodiorites on the other. The sedimenary rocks in Monterey Canyon contain bathyal foraminifers stratigraphically 400 ft higher than shallow-water Pliocene rocks in the the lower Salinas Valley. These relations suggest verical movement of more than 1,000 ft on a northward extension of the Reliz fault which separates the two areas. A seaward extension of the Carmel Valley fault controls the nearshore east-west trend of the Carmel Canyon and the Carmel Canyon fault controls the northwest trend of the Carmel Canyon. Canyon erosion occurred in zones of poor induration and/or weakness along faults and contacts between sedimentary and igneous rocks having diverse indurations. Erosion was effected by turbidity currents, by mass movement of sediment down canyon axes, and perhaps was aided by alteration of granodiorite to clay.
The middle Miocene Salinian deformation resulted in more tha 15,000 ft of subsidence in Monterey graben, which underlies the shelf at the north side of Monterey Bay. Additional structural features such as Monterey, Gabilan, Carmel Canyon, and Carmel Valley faults either formed at this time or were reactivated. Geomorphic features termed the "Elkhorn erosion surface" and "Pajaro gorge" were formed also at this time.
Late Miocene, Pliocene, and early Pleistocene drainage from the Great Valley of California debouched at Monterey Bay via Elkhorn Slough at the head of the present Monterey Canyon. All canyon heads were cut or modified subaerially to an approximate depth of 300 ft below present sea level. Monterey and Soquel Canyons were cut during late Pliocene or early Pleistocene time. Carmel Canyon and Ascension Canyon initially may have been eroded earlier; they may have funneled sediments seaward before Pleistocene time.
Monterey Canyon and Elkhorn Slough lie directly above the buried middle Miocene Pajaro gorge. The older canyon is not ancestral to Monterey Canyon, but differential compaction in the gorge fill may have directed rivers to reach the sea above the gorge. A sediment trap may have been eroded at the mouth of the slough whereby both littoral-drifted and river-transported sediments were deflected seaward to aid in the erosion of Monterey Canyon. G esf ? Martin, J.H. 19905 Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: The iron hypothesis 1-13 Paleoceanography 5 1Y phytoplankton, paleoceanography, geophysics, marine, atmospheric CO2, nutrient-limitation Several explanations for the 200 to 280 ppm glacial/interglacial change in atmospheric CO2 concentrations deal with variations in southern ocean phtyoplankton productivity and the related use or nonuse of major plant nutrients. An hypothesis is presented herein in which arguement are made that new productivity in today's southern ocean (7.4 x 1013 g/yr) is limited by iron deficiency, and hence the phytoplankton are unable to take advantage of the excess surface nitrate/phosphate that , if used, could result in total southern ocean new production of 2-3 x 1015 g C/yr. As a consequence of Fe-limited new productivity, Holocene interglacial CO2 levels are as high as they were during the last interglacial (~ 280 ppm). In contrast, atmospheric dust Fe supplies were 50 times higher during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Because of this Fe enrichment, phytoplankton growth may have been greatly enhanced, larger amounts of upwelled nutrients may have been used, and the resulting stimulation of new productivity may have contributed to the LGM drawdown of atmospheric CO2 to levels of less than 200 ppm. Background information and arguements in support of this hypothesis are presented. C esfX |? Martin, K. J.
Bull, C. T. 2006L Novel primers for detection and quantification of Myxococcus species in situ 773-775 Molecular Ecology Notes 6 3 Sepf A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol using unique primers was developed to detect and quantify Myxococcus species from environmental samples. The protocol amplified most species of Myxococcus when 10 pg of DNA representing 1000 cells was present, although over half were amplified with as little as 0.1 pg (10 cells). The protocol did not amplify other myxobacterial species, members of the delta-proteobacteria or other unrelated organisms tested at significantly higher concentrations of DNA. The primers were also used in quantitative PCRs, which accurately estimated the population levels in soil. PDF available at ESNERR 1471-8278 BIOSIS:PREV200600546048 k ? j Martin, L.K. 1982Q Growth and reproduction of the bat ray Myliobatus californica Gill, in California 1-87 Department of Biology San Jose, CA San Jose State University Elkhorn Slough, fish, elasmobranches, bat ray, marine, estuary, ecology, population biology, reproduction, age and growth, natural history M.A. Thesis The growth and reproduction in 191 bat rays Myliobatis californica Gill, from Elkhorn Slough and Monterey Bay, California was studied. Vertebral centra were removed, morphometric measurements made, and sexual condition assessed in all specimens. Among several ageing techniques tested, x-radiography and oil clearing were used most successfully to elucidate circuli (rings and bands) in the centra of the bat ray. The annual nature of band deposition was verified by comparison of modal disc widths (DW) from size frequency analysis to mean back-calculated disc widths, mineralization patterns seen in x-rays and tetracycline marking, and by correlating changes in the appearance of circuli with season and age.
Evaluation of each ageing technique based on consistency of band counts indicated that the oil clearing technique is slightly more reliable. Comparison of calculated DW to published observed maximum disc widths indicated that for males the x-radiography technique produced the most realistic growth curve, while for females the oil clearing technique was best. The Brody-Bertalanffy growth curves derived from these techniques indicated that female bat rays reach a greater size (DW=1587 mm) and have a lower growth rate (K=0.0995) than males (DW=1004 mm, K=0.229).
Reproduction in bat rays from Elkhorn Slough appears to follow a well-defined annual cycle in which mature individuals enter the slough in May to give birth and mate, and depart by late September. It is suggested that similar to other rays, the bat ray's gestation period is 9-12months long.
In male bat rays, three indicators of sexual maturity (presence of mature spermatozoa, clasper-DW relationship, and internal morphology) showed that onset of sexual maturity occurs at 2-3 years of age, at a disc width of about 622 mm. In females, presence of mature ova indicated that 50% maturity occurs at approximately 5 years of age, at a disc width of about 881 mm. F esf k? j Martin, L.K.
Cailliet, G.M. 1988e Age and growth determination of the bat ray, Myliobatis californica Gill, in central California [USA] 762-773 Copeia 3[ Vertebrates, Chordates, Chondrichthyes, Fish, rays and skate, Radiation Techniques, Ecology, Environmental Biology, Radiologic Anatomy, Commercial Species, Sex Difference, Size Frequency, Distribution, Mineralization, Circulus, Deposition, Oil Clearing, X-Radiography, von Bertalanffy Growth Curve, marine, subtidal, age and growth, Elkhorn Slough Ages of the bat ray, Myliobatis californica, from central California were determined using two methods oil-clearing and x-radiography to enhance the growth bands on the vertebral centra. The annual nature of band deposition was supported by comparison of modal disc widths (DW) from size-frequency analysis of the first three age classes to mean back-calculated DW, and by changes in centrum edge widths and mineralization patterns. Signficant differences between mean DW determined by the two ageing techniques occurred in only one age class for each sex. The x-radiography technique produced the most realistic growth curve for males, while for females the oil-clearing tehcnique was best. However, for the sample analyzed, the two techniques produced similar growth curves. The von Bertalanffy growth curves derived from these techniques indicate that female bat rays reach a greater asymptotic size (DW = 1587 mm) and have a lower growth rate (K = 0.0995)than males (DW = 1004 mm, K = 0.229). F esf ? j Martin, L. K.
Cailliet, G. M. 1988^ Aspects of the reproduction of the bat ray, Myliobatis californica, in central California, USA 754-762 Copeia 3} Chondrichthyes, Pisces, Vertebrata, Chordata, Animalia, Animals, Chordates, Fish, Vertebrates, Commercial Species, Embryo, Spermatozoa, Ovum, Sexual Maturity, Gestation, Annual Cycle, Sex Difference, Ecology, Environmental Biology, Wildlife Management, Aquatic, Reproductive System, Physiology and Biochemistry, Developmental Biology, Elkhorn Slough, seasonality, marine, subtidal Reproduction in bat bay rays collected from Elkhorn Slough in central California appers to follow a well-defined annual cycle 8 in which mature individuals use the Slough in the spring and summer months to give birth and mate. The bat ray's gestation period is estimated to be between 9-12 mo. Embryo number in pregnant femaels ranged between 2-5. Disc width at birth ranged between 220-305 mm. In male bat rays, three indicators of sexual maturity (presence of mature spermatozoa, clasper/disc-width relationship, and internal morphlogy) showed that at 2-3 yr of age sexual maturity occurs at a disc width of about 450-622 mm. In females, presence of mature ova, ranging from means of 25-279 per female, indicates that 50% maturity occurs at about 881 mm disc width and approx. 5 yr of age. F esf 6?
% Martin, M.
Crane, D.
Lew, T.
Seto, W. 1980 California Mussel Watch: 1979-1980. Part II: Synthetic organic compounds in mussels Mytilus californianus, and M. edulis, along the California coast and selected harbors and bays 1-61 Sacramento, CAH Serveillance and Monitoring Section, State Water Resources Control Board Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution, aquatic toxicology, Elkhorn Slough, marine Water Quality Monitoring Report} During 1979, two species of mussel were collected from 32 resident and 16 transplanted mussel monitoring locations (stations) in California. Samples from all resident mussel stations were preserved in archive collections for future analyses. Selected samples from 18 resident and 16 transplanted mussel stations were analyzed for 56 synthetic organic hydrocarbons by glass capillary gas chromotography. The transplanted technique, using California mussels, showed promise as a monitoring tool.
DDT levels of the Southern California Bight in 1979 remained at or were slightly above levels determined in 1977 and 1978. PCB levels in San Francisco Bay, Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor, San Diego Harbor, and Royal Palms were greatly elevated over pristine or background levels. The 1979 PCB data did not follow the trend of a decline observed between 1971 and 1978 in the Southern California Bight. Three isomers of chlordane were found at several locations; the highest chlordane concentrations in mussel tissue were found in San Francisco Bay, Mission Bay, San Diego Bay, Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor, and Corona del Mar.
Benzene hexachloride, aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan I, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide were tentatively identified in mussel samples from various localities; the chlorinated hydrocarbons were identified by glass capillary gass chromatography by coinjection with reference standards. I not here 80-8 esf ?
& Martin, M.
Crane, D.
Lew, T.
Seto, W. 1982 California Mussel Watch: 1980-1981. Part III: Synthetic organic compounds in mussels, Mytilus californianus and M. edulis, from California's coasts, bays, and estuaries 1-92 Sacramento, CAE Surveillance and Monitoring Unit, State Water Resources Control Boards Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution, aquatic toxicology, pesticides Water Quality Monitoring Report Analysis of individual synthetic organic compounds are reported and discussed in two sections (Coastal Resident Survey and Bay Transplant Survery): DDT compounds, PCB's, chlordane, HCH, dieldrin/aldrin, endosulfan I, and heptachlor. Following the discussion of those monitoring results is a short section on unidentified organic compounds and a section upon the "intensive" site surveys for specific synthetic organic compounds. The areas and compounds of interest were San Francisco Bay (PCB's, chlordane, dieldrin); Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor (PCB's, DDT); and San Diego Harbor (PCB's).
Among the organic compounds monitored, DDT and PCB compounds are the only pollutants for which there is sufficient data base to permit long-term trand interpretation. Only recently have other synthetic organic compounds been detected and identified in tissues. Future monitoring will permit better time-trend analyses of the other indentifiable substances. I not here, One bound report contains Part I, II and III 81-11 TS esf-? Mayer, D.L. 1969z A waste impact index for assessment of effects of effluent on the marine environment: preliminary experiments and analysis 33-43: Kaiser Refractories Research Project, Progress Report (IV) Harville, J.P.& human impacts; waste; Effluent; marine M not here
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Mayer, M. A. 1986W Recruitment of plants into a newly established salt marsh in Elkhorn Slough, California Washington, D.C." Office of Sanctuary Programs, NOAA4 plants; marsh; estuaries; Elkhorn Slough; California Final Report P not here ? Mayer, M.A. 1987Z Flowering plant recruitment into a newly restored salt marsh in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-41 Department of Marine Science> Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and San Jose State University[ Elkhorn Slough, flowering plants, saltmarsh, intertidal, ecology, colonization, restoration M.S. ThesisK The colonization of a newly restored salt marsh by flowering plants was dominated by the perennial, Salicornia virginica, and the annual, Spergularia marina. Recruitment of both species was higher at upper (1.4 - 1.6 m above MLLW) than lower (1.2 - 1.4 m) tidal elevations and near the entrance channel compared to areas furthest away. Total number of seedlings varied between 0 - 17/square meters during the first year, while there were hundreds of S. virginica and thousands of S. marina seedlings/square meter during the second year. At the end of the first year, the highest total flowering plant cover was 25%. It increased to as high as 90% by the end of the second year. S. virginica increased from an average cover of 3% after one year to 43% after two years. S. marina cover increased from an average of 6% after one year to 14% after two years. The third most common colonist, the annual Atriplex patula, primarily invaded the narrow wrack zone where debris was deposited by tides. Both S. virginica and A patula flowered in the fall. S. marina flowered in late winter to fall, having the longest period of flowering and germination. Despite the tremendous recruitment of S. marina, the higher canopy of S. virginica apparently shades the smaller S. marina plants and should eventually cover most of the new marsh in one to two additional years. P multiple copies (2) esfi?
McCormick, S. 1977% The rich life of a coastal salt marsh 14-19. Journal of the California Native Plant Society} Elkhorn Slough, plants, animals, salt marsh plants, invertebrates, mud flats, benthic, ecology, natural history, conservationY This article describe the natural history of the mudflats and salt marshes of the Elkhorn Slough. It also discusses the following topics: salt water tolerance of plants, zones of vegetation in the salt marsh, the ecological importance of Elkhorn Slough, preservation, the Nature Conservancy's Elkhorn Slough Preserve as an educational facility. R esf8 ? McDermott, Sean Patrick 1996{ Parasites, density, and disturbance: Factors influencing coexistence of Cerithidea californica and Batillaria attramentaria 1-89 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Invertebrates; Mollusca; Gastropoda; invasive species; ecology; parasites: trematodes; Platyhelminthes; California; Marin County; Bolinas Lagoon; M.S. Thesis I not here $want abstract? McDonald, G.R. 19773 A review of the nudibranchs of the California coast 1-337 Department of BiologyF Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University, Hayward invertebrates, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, distribution, Elkhorn Slough, open-coast species, protected-coast species, nudibranchs, marine, benthic, ecology, natural history, taxonomy M.A. Thesis: All the named species of nudibranchs reported from California are described. Synonomies are given for each species, along with a detailed bibliography. A key to aid in identification and drawings of the radula of each species are present. Geographic ranges, type locality, habitat, and food data are also given. I% only have abstract, TOC, introduction esf? McDonald, G.R
Nybakken, J.W. 1978u Additional notes on the food of some California nudibranchs with a summary of known food habits of California species 110-119 Veliger 21 1{ animal, invertebrates, nudibranchs, marine, California, Elkhorn Slough, ecology, prey, diet, intertidal, subtidal, taxonomy5 A few publications have dealt extensively with nudibranch food habits, but htese have treated few of the species which occur in California. This paper attempts to summarize what has previously been reported concerning food habits of species that occur in California and presents additional data for some species. The new data on food items of nudibranchs were obtained in the field while collecting nudibranchs for taxonomic and ecological studies and are not, therefore, the results of a deliberate extensive food habit study. However, we believe they should still prove useful in further investigations of nudibranch food habits. We report herein not only actual obserations of ingestion of prey, but also situations in which the evidence suggests strongly that the nudibranch species has consumed a given prey species. I sp esf }? 6 McLaughlin, Karen
Cade-Menun, Barbara J.
Paytan, Adina 2006j The oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate in Elkhorn Slough, California: A tracer for phosphate sources 499-506# Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 70 3 Nov Elkhorn Slough is a small estuary in Central California, where nutrient inputs are dominated by runoff from agricultural row crops, a golf course, and residential development. We examined the variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales in Elkhorn Slough to compare forcing by physical and biological factors. Hourly data were collected using in situ nitrate analyzers and water quality data sondes, and two decades of monthly monitoring data were analyzed. Nutrient concentrations increased from the mid 1970s to 1990s as pastures and woodlands were converted to row crops and population increased in the watershed. Climatic variability was also a significant factor controlling interannual nutrient variability, with higher nutrient concentrations during wet than drought years. Elkhorn Slough has a Mediterranean climate with dry and rainy seasons. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were relatively low (10-70 mu mol L-1) during the dry season and high (20-160 mu mol L-1) during the rainy season. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations showed the inverse pattern, with higher concentrations during the dry season. Pulsed runoff events were a consistent feature controlling nitrate concentrations during the rainy season. Peak nitrate concentrations lagged runoff events by 1 to 6 days. Tidal exchange with Monterey Bay was also an important process controlling nutrient concentrations, particularly near the mouth of the Slough. Biological processes had the greatest effect on nitrate concentrations during the dry season and were less important during the rainy season. While primary production was enhanced by nutrient pulses, chlorophyll a concentrations were not. We believe that the generally weak biological response compared to the strong physical forcing in Elkhorn Slough occurred because the short residence time and tidal mixing rapidly diluted nutrient pulses. pdf 0272-7714 BIOSIS:PREV200600671954
J? X Menon, J.
Arp, A. J. 1998S Ultrastructural evidence of detoxification in the alimentary canal of Urechis caupo 307-317 Invertebrate Biology 117 4 Worm, Alimentary Canal, Sulfide, Sulfide-Oxidizing Bodies, Elkhorn Slough, Urechis caupo, Marine Echiuran Worm, Body-Wall, Helix aspersa, Bacteria, Accumulation, Environment, Adaptations, Invertebrata, Annelida, Polychaeta, digestive system, invertebrates, toxicology, epithelium, cell morphology, detoxification, elemental composition, functional specialization, benthic, marine, biochemistry, physiology The marine worm Urechis caupo exhibits specialized secondary lysosomes termed sulfide-oxidizing bodies throughout the epithelial tissues of the alimentary canal which appear to concentrate environmental toxins such as aluminum, silica and sulfur, as revealed by X-ray microanalysis. Ultrastructural examination of the alimentary tract of U. caupo reveals a digestive tube consisting of an inner layer of epithelium lining the central lumen, a layer of connective tissue with embedded muscle fibers, and a peritoneal covering. The thickness, ciliation and morphology of the innermost epithelium show regional variation that correlate with functional specialization, and the main cell types are ciliated, microvillate, and mucus- and enzyme-secreting cells. In the anterior part of alimentary canal (esophagus, gizzard, and stomach), the epithelium is almost entirely composed of ciliated and mucus cells, serving to move particulate matter and fluids, and the gizzard epithelial morphology reflects comminution of food particles. Zn the midgut, the epithelium is composed of microvillate and enzyme-secreting cells, suggesting involvement in digestive and absorptive functions. The hindgut, which acts as a water lung and is devoid of any digestive function, is Lined by microvillate cells involved in gaseous exchange. The epithelium of the body wall and hindgut have been previously reported to contain numerous sulfide-oxidizing bodies, similar in ultrastructure and elemental composition to those of the alimentary canal described here (Menon & Arp 1992; 1993). These unusual organelles, which form a peripheral defense on all exposed surfaces of the worm, are part of an extensive suite of sulfide detoxification and tolerance mechanisms which enable the worm to flourish in a sulfide-rich environment. I not here San Francisco State Univ,Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies,Tiburon,Ca 94920 ; William Paterson Coll New Jersey,Dept Biol,Wayne,Nj 07470 ? Menon, J. G.
Arp, A. J. 1992N Morphological adaptations of the respiratory hindgut of a marine Echiuran worm 131-138 Journal of Morphology 214 2 Urechis caupo, Sulfide Oxidation, Invertebrates, echiura, Elkhorn Slough, Hydrogen Sulfide, Oxygen, Columnar Epithelium, Hindgut, Cell Membrane, Sulfide Oxidizing Body, Detoxification, Aerobic Respiration, marine, benthic, inn keeper worm, biochemistry, physiology, toxicology, mudflats The echiuran worm Urechis caupo lives in U-shaped burrows in marine mudflats where levels of toxic hydrogen sulfide increase and water becomes hypoxic during low tide. Even in this low oxygen and high sulfide environment, the animal is capable of maintaining aerobic respiration. Gas exchange occurs across both the body wall and hindgut. The hindgut functions as a type of water lung and is a thin walled, highly convoluted structure capable of considerable dilatation. It is rhythmically ventilated with water and its role as a respiratory organ becomes increasingly important as ambient PO2 drops. In the deflated hindgut light microscopy reveals a pseudostratified appearing innermost mucosal epithelium composed of columnar cells with nuclei at different levels. When the hindgut is fully inflated, ultrastructural studies show a simple columnar epithelium with the nuclei at the same level. Ultrastructurally, the free surface of the hindgut cells bears numerous microvilli and a few cilia. The lateral cell membranes are highly folded in the deflated hindgut, but these folds are not visible in the fully inflated hindgut. The cytoplasm contains osmiophilic bodies which show a partially lamellated pattern which may be sulfide oxidizing bodies involved in sulfide detoxification. In the fully inflated hindgut, the entire perimeter of the lumenal mucosa is covered by electron dense inclusions, whose exact function is unknown. The lack of structural information on the respiratory organ of this echiuran worm renders the interpretation of its morphological and histological features at the ultrastructural level difficult, although the present study has broadened our understanding of the structural adaptations of the hindgut as a respiratory organ. I not here: Univ Calif San Francisco,Dept Biol/San Francisco//Ca/94132? X Menon, J. G.
Arp, A. J. 19938 The integument of the marine echiuran worm Urechis caupo 440-454 Biological Bulletin 185 35 Epidermis, Exchange Surface, Hypoxia, Oxygen Uptake, Permeation Barrier, Sulfide Oxidizing Body , sulfide Oxidation, Bacteria, Detoxification, Adaptations, Invertebrates, Annelids, Polychaetes, Elkhorn Slough, biochemistry, physiology, toxicology, inn keeper worm, benthic, marine, comparative morphology6 During low tide, the burrow water of the marine echiuran worm Urechis caupo becomes hypoxic, and hydrogen sulfide concentrations reach levels that would be toxic to most animals. Integument morphology in U. caupo is evaluated as an exchange surface and as a permeation barrier. Adaptive features include the rugose nature of the epidermis, which increases the surface area for oxygen uptake, and the thick muscular body wall, which provides a chief motive power in creating peristaltic movements along the body wall to ventilate the burrow. The epidermis is covered by a cuticle and contains two types of mucus-secreting cells: orthochromatic and metachromatic. Underlying connective tissue and three muscle layers form the bulk of the body wall. The integument does not present a significant structural barrier to permeation, although the mucus secreted by the epidermal cells may retard sulfide entry. Ultrastructural studies suggest three possible mechanisms that U. caupo may use to counteract the toxic effects of sulfide at the integumentary surface: metabolism of symbiotic bacteria embedded in the innermost cuticle layer and grouped together in the superficial epidermis, dying off of peripheral, sulfide-exposed cells, and oxidation of sulfide at specialized, iron-rich, lysosomal organelles termed sulfide oxidizing bodies. I- http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/185/3/440 pdf available at ESNERR esf?
Merry, K.J. 1966; An evaluation of Elkhorn Slough as a shellfish growing area 1-12L Bureau of Sanitary Engineering, California State Department of Public Health Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalves, oysters, aquaculture, mericulture, water quality, pollution, monitoring Report September, 1966 In May 1966, the Bureau of Sanitary Engineering conducted an investigation of Elkhorn SLough and the Moss Landing Harbor area. The bacteriological results form water samples taken in the shellfish growing area of Elkhorn Slough greatly exceeded the coliform standard of 70 MPN/100 ml which has been established by the National Shellfish Sanitation Program. Cognisant of the possibility that the oysters being cultured in the slough might pose a public health threat to consumers, the Bureau undertook further study of the area in August and September, prior to the start of the fall harvesting. This report presents the finding of that study. I not here esf V?
j Meyer, A. 1995Q The effects of trampling on Salicornia virginica in Elkhorn Slough: A pilot study Moss Landing Marine Laboratories# plants, visitor impact; Disturbance Unpublished Student Report P not here C?
Meyer, T. 1993 Elkhorn Slough vegetation survey 1-21Y Elkhorn Slough, agriculture, plants, terrestrial, marsh, ecology, monitoring, restoration Unpublished Student Reports This report characterizes vegetation at the following sites:
1) two abandoned fields located on the Bloome Ranch
2) two pocket marshes located at the base of each field on the Azevedo Ranch property
Results:
Abandoned Fields: Field 1 has been abandoned for one year longer than Field 2, and already Field 1 has much more structural diversity. Field 2 is dominated by one species, E. botrys.
Pocket Marshes: Areas where strawberries had been planted were flooded due to intense rain. In these flooded areas, Salicornia virginica and Atriplex have recruited and seem to be overgrowing the stawberries that survived the floods. P esf ?
Meyers, M. 1994- The Elkhorn Slough: In danger of disappearing 1-20 Moss Landing Middle School> Elkhorn Slough, estuary, tidal scour, erosion, coastal geology Unpublished Student Report This a report my a middle school student that discusses the marsh lands, the history of the slough, the current speeds in the slough, tidal scour and erosion. She also discusses her solution to the erosion problem which is a corrogated steel underwater dam. R esf{?
` Middlebrook, S.F.
Witt, H.R.
Alessi, C.F.
Merry, K.J.
Lim, J.
Bridgewater, B.
Trice, K.
Kirk, H. 1967 Sanitary engineering investigation of quality of water and shellfish in the estuary system at Moss Landing, Monterey County, California 1-65g Bureau of Sanitary Engineering, California State Department of Public Health, Health and Welfare Agency0 water quality, shellfish contamination, human health; Invertebrata; aquatic toxicology, Elkhorn Slough, clam, pesticide, coliform, fecal coliform, standard plate count, mub-flats, commercial fishing, sport fishing, estuary, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, phosphates, BOD, settleable solids, suspended solids Technical Report The following report covers water and shellfish quality in the estuary system at Moss Landing. The area covered by the study is developing rapidly and is destined to become one for the large industrial and research areas of Monterey County, in addition to its obvious recreational potential. This report provides a comprehensive, detailed tabulation of the bacterial quality of the total estuary system, and delineates present sources of pollution and contamination.
Specifically this report's objective's were to:
1) determine the bacterial quality of shellfish growing in the estuary
2) determine the bacterial quality of water in the estuary and its tributaries
3) investigate protential causes or sources of contamination and / or pollution
4) describe the general nature of water quality and bottom mud conditions during the period of investigation
5) Make recommendations for eliminating contamination and/or pollution I multiple copies (2) esf ? j Miller, D.J.
Schmidtke, J. 1956 Report on the distribution and abundance of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) along the coast of central and southern California 163-186 California Fish and Game 42 fish, Monterey Bay, herring, pelagic, estuaries, spawning habitat, stock, fishing, populatio size, ecology, fisheries management The data presented here demonstrate that the population of the Pacific herring in central and southern California waters is of relatively small magnitude compared to the populations in Canada, where from 100 to 200 thousand tons of herring are taken annually. The entire spawning population utilizing San Francisco and Tomales bays approximated only 16,000 tons.
There was no apparent change in the age and length composition of the Tomales Bay population after the largest recorded catch (approximately 5,000 tons in 1952). Most of this catch (3,000 tons) was made in Monterey Bay.
Most of the adult summer population in Monterey Bay consists of herring that utilize the spawning areas in Tomales and San Francisco bays.
Critical examination of eggs attched to crab traps set in offshore waters down to 30 fathoms, and the lines attched thereto, revealed that they were definitely not herring eggs, thus strengthening the supposition that Californian herring spawn only in the intertidal zones of bays and estuaries.
Herring spawning in California are sporadic from year to year, resulting in fluctuating populations in the smaller spawning areas. Only in San Francisco and Tomales bays is there evidence of a sizable population upon which a permanent fishery could be conducted.
Without further study it would be difficult to set a limit of catch that could be taken safely in these two bays. If a take for reduction is allowed, there should also be some sort of control of the catch for other purposes, including the take for pet food and human consumption.
The pre-spawning schools are concentrated in a small area and are completely available to boats using round haul nets, especially in Tomales Bay. The possibility exists that the industry might find a ready use for herring when no other pelagic fish are available for pet food, bait, and human consumption. Should such increased catches take place in addition to otherwise "safe" reduction permits, the herring conceivably could be overfished in a short time. F multiple copies (2) esf ? 0 J. M. Miller
W. H. Neill
K. A. Duchon
S. W. Ross 2000Y Ecophysiological determinants of secondary production in salt marshes: A simulator study 313-3311 Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology M. P. Weinstein
D. A. Kreeger Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Press1 Estuaries; marshes; ecology; secondary production Variation in the abiotic environment is generally presumed to stress fish in estuarine marshes despite abundant food resources and refuge from predation. Chief among the important variables are dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH and salinity. With new technology for collecting high-resolution abiotic data and with mechanistic models for interpreting these data, it is possible to revisit and refine the conventional paradigm(s) of abiotics stresses and secondary production in salt marshes. With data from National Estuarine Research Reserves (NERR) and our ecophysiological model for juvenile fish, we ask "what is the relative impact of abiotic factors on growth in different marsh types?" Based on data from four NERR sites representing a spectrum of marsh hydrotypes and latitudes, we conclude that abiotically-forced variation in growth could explain much of the variation in secondary production in marshes. R esf ?
5 Milliken, R.
Nelson, J.
Hildebrandt, W.
Mikkelsen, P. 1999 The Moss Landing Hill Site Davis, California California State University
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, Miner, R.
Dean, R.
Scott, C.
Stromberg, C. 1972t Experimental investigations of methods for eliminating foam from the Moss Landing Units 1-5 cooling water discharge. 1-32 PG&E$ Moss Landing; Human Activity; marine M not here 7442.2-71 ? Minier, C.
Eufemia, N.
Epel, D. 1999Q The multi-xenobiotic resistance phenotype as a tool to biomonitor the environment 442-454
Biomarkers 4 6h Environmental monitoring, toxicololgy, pollution assessment, biochemistry, Multi-Xenobiotic Resistance Phenotype, Biomonitoring Tool, Transport Mechanism, P-Glycoprotein, Drug Resistance, Mxr, Biomarker, Invertebrata, Mollusca, Bivalve, Mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis,Urechis caupo Embryos, Elkhorn Slough, DNA Topoisomerase-Ii, Multixenobiotic Resistancet Organisms use a variety of cellular mechanisms to avoid the effects of toxins. These strategies include de-toxification of putative toxins, sequestration of the toxins or the utilization of transport mechanisms to actually prevent the entry and accumulation of toxins in the cells. These toxin avoidance mechanisms, which presumably evolved in response to natural toxins, can also be used to counter the effects of anthropogenic compounds introduced into the environment by the activities of our modern society. In this article we discuss (1) the use of transport mechanism strategies to protect against toxins and (2) the possible use of these mechanisms as biomarkers indicative of exposure to man-made toxins. We will first review the characteristics of these transport mechanisms, including their biology genetics and molecular properties and then discuss their use as biomarkers. C pdf available at ESNERR not at UCSC
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; Mischke, T.
Brunetti, K.
Acosta, V.
Weaver, D.
Brown, M. 1985@ Agricultural sources of DDT residues in California's environment 1-46 Sacramento, CAW Environmental Hazards Assessment Program, California Department of Food and Agriculture{ California, pollution, environmental toxicology, soil, water, marine, freshwater, terrestrial, pesticide residues, DDT, DDD6 Report Prepared in Response to House Resolution No. 534 Conclusions: Based on all evidence examined, the following conclusions can be made about agriculturally-related DDTr residues in the California environment:
1) DDTr residues can still be detected in California soils some 13 years after the last use of DDT and DDD on those same soils.
2) The presence of DDTr residues is widespread throughout California in soils with a history of DDT usage. Every one of the 99 sites in 32 counties tested showed detectable levels of some DDTr species.
3) Continuing surveillance and monitoring by the CDFA and the California Agricultural Commissioners has found no evidence of new, illegal usage of DDT or DDD.
4) Dicofol usage in California is not a significant source of DDT residues. Further reductions in DDTr contamination levels by the manufacturer, targeted for 1987, will further reduce the contribution of dicofol to DDTr levels.
5) An examination of the percentage of DDT to total DDTr in the soil samples collected from 32 California counties shows that the average is 49% with the largest number of samples having values below 60%. This distribution is consistent with a pattern of residuals from past applications. If DDT were being used now in these areas, the distribution would be shifted towards higher percentages.
6) An examination of the percentage of o,p' DDT isomer to total DDT in the soil samples collected from 32 California counties confirms the findings of the Blanco Drain/Monterey County study. The lifetime of o,p' DDT in the soil environment of California is at least equal to, and in some cases greater than, the lifetime of the p,p' DDT isomer in the same soil. This conclusion is confirmed by results in the scientific literature which shows that indeed o,p' DDT has a longer lifetime that p,p' DDT in some cases.
7) The most likely source of DDTr levels in fish samples collected by the SWRCB from the Salinas River is erosion or mechanical movement of DDTr laden soil particles into the waterway. The DDTr in these soil particles then moves into the fish via food chain or direct entrapment of soil particles in the gills. A similar mechanism may be responsible for DDTr levels in fish in other rivers around the State.
8) The most likely source of DDTr residues found in California produce is the long lived residues form past applications to the soil in which the produce is grown. M esf "? % Monaco, M.E.
Lowry, T.A.
Emmett, R.L. 1992M Assemblages of U. S. west coast estuaries based on the distribution of fishes 251-267 Journal of Biogeography 19 3 estuaries, estuarine fishes, principal component analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis, U.S. west coast, estuarine habitat, vertebrates, environmental biology, ecology, fish, distribution, abundance, biodiversity, Elkhorn Sloughm Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on a data matrix representing presence or absence of 360 adult and juvenile fish species in 28 estuaries ranging from Puget Sound, WA to Tijuana, CA. The data matrix included published and unpublished information for each species/estuary combination and consultation with local fishery experts on specific estuaries. The PCA identified six estuarine components that explained 72% of the variation in the data: 1) Northern Riverine Group; 2) Southern California Group; 3) Northern Estuarine Group; 4) Central Marine Group; 5) Fjord Group; and 6) Coastal Northwest Group. Species assemblages for each estuarine group were identified and used as surrogate habitat indicators to compare and contrast groups of estuaries. Stepwise multiple regressions of estuarine physical characteristics identified estuary mouth depth and area of the seawater zone as significant predictors of the number of fish species per estuary. These estuarine physical parameters appear to influence access and diversity of estuarine habitats and ultimately the number of fish species occurring within an estuary. F esf ?
3 Monaco, M.E.
Nelsen, D.M.
Emmett, R.L.
Hinton, S.A. 1990h Distribution and abundance of fishes and invertebrates in West Coast estuaries, Volume I: Data summaries 1-240 Rockville, MD.% Strategic Assessment Branch, NOAA/NOS Invertebrates, fish, Tomales Bay, San Francisco Bay, Elkhorn Slough, Morro Bay, Washington, Oregon, northern California, southern California, baseline characterization, elasmobranches, crabs, bivalves, shrimp, ecology, estuarine, management ELMR Rep. This report ois the first of two volumes that present information on the spatial and temporal distribution, relative abundance, and life history characteristics of 47 fish and invertebrate species in 32 estuaries along the contiguous West Coast of the U.S. Its purpose is to disseminate data developed in NOAA's ELMR project. ELMR is a joint study by NOAA's NOS and NMFS. The study framework, sample data sheet, and species life history profile presented are illustrative of the nationwide ELMR project.
Many of the selected species are either commercially or recreationally important; species of ecological value or indicators of environmental stress were also chosen. Eight races of Pacific salmon from two species were also chosen. F No. 4 esf ?
Monterey County, 1984> Draft water conservation plan for Monterey County, April, 1984/ water; conservation; management; Human Activity M not here ?
Monterey County, 1986, Water conservation plan for Monterey County, water; management Jan. 10, 1986 M ?
F Monterey County, 1988g Coastal implementation plan, part 2: regulations for development in the north county land use plan area planning; Human Activity M mf? Monterey County Farm Bureau, 1983 Farm Focus magazine farming; agriculture R not hereM?
8 Monterey County Overall Economic Development Commission, 1991B Overall economic development program report and program projection 1-138 Monterey County, CA@ Economic Development Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce Monterey County, Elkhorn Slough, economic development, employment, environmental issues, resource protection, agriculture, tourism, military, business, real estate, government, education, fishing
Annual Reportu This report includes a description of the organization of the OEDC, a report of past year's activities in economic and community development, a sector by sector description of the local economy, a review of new potentials and problems in the area, and a description of the OEDC's strategy for promoting economic development in the County.
This report also contains an update to the present state of environmental constraints affecting economic development in Monterey County. A survey of the various environmental impact areas has been included illustrating the relationship between resource protection and economic development. M esf ?
$ Monterey County Planning Commission, 1956# Moss Landing area development plan Moss Landing# Monterey County Planning Commission? building; construction; property; Human Activity; human impacts M esf ?
$ Monterey County Planning Department, 1974" EIR for Merrill Dubach (Moro Coho)? building; construction; property; Human Activity; human impacts Environmental impact report M not here 74-120 ?
$ Monterey County Planning Department, 1974@ EIR for Sahll, Greene, Apker, and Cocciardi (Oak Creek Estates).? building; construction; property; Human Activity; human impacts Environmental impact report M not here 74-124 ?
$ Monterey County Planning Department, 1980' North County water and marine resources marine; water; resources Draft background report M not here?
$ Monterey County Planning Department, 19811 North County Land Use Plan: Local coastal program 1-162 Monterey, CA# Monterey County Planning Commission[ resource management, land use, legislation, regulation, coastal land use, natural resources
Land Use Plans This report contains the following information:
1) Resource Management: including visual resources, environmentally sensitive habitats, coastal modifications (diking, dredging, filling, and shoreline structures), water resources, agriculture, aquaculture, hazards, and archaeological resources
2) Public service system: including transportation and wastewater management facilities
3) Land use and development: including land use planning issues and land use plan and development policies
4) Moss landing community plan: including land use, circulation, waterwater treatment, commercial fishing, recreational boating, recreational and public access, energy facilities, industrial development, visual resources and community character
5) Public Access: including key policies, general policies, specific policies
6) implementation: including basic procedures adn additional procedures M esf ?
) Monterey County Public Health Department, 19668 Sanitation and pollution survey of the Moss Landing area4 human impacts; monitoring; marine; waste; pollutants M not here ?!
2 Monterey Peninsula Water Pollution Control Agency, 1976< Moss Landing wastewater facilities plan -- preliminary draft Trotter - Yoder and Associates" management; Human Activity; marine July 1976 M ?"
Moore, Ken C. 1989& Elkhorn Slough Reserve Management Plan$ California Department of Fish & Game* Elkhorn Slough; management; estuary; marsh M not here Hopkins: QH76.5 .C2 M66 ?# ( Morris, R.H.
Abbott, D.P.
Haderlie, E.C. 1980' Intertidal invertebrates of California. 650 pp. Stanford, CA Stanford University Press
invertebrates I not here sp ?$ Moser, G.D. 1996q Trace elements and organochlorine compounds in the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina richardsi, along the Pacific coast 1-67 San Jose, CA San Jose State University* pollution; Vertebrates; Chordates; mammals M.S. Thesis V not here ?%
+ Moss Landing Marine Laboratories,
WAC Corp, 1987 Elkhorn Slough area, California Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Elkhorn Slough (Calif) Aerial photographs.
Monterey County (Calif) Aerial photographs.
Santa Cruz County (Calif.) Aerial photographs. 42 aerial photographs : R not here Flight symbol: 87-4960.
Flown by Western Aerial Photos.
Includes index.
Vertical image.
Color infra-red prints; stereo overlap.
1987-a. Scale 1:12,000. ?&
Mountjoy, Daniel C. 1993j Farming practices survey and outreach recommendations for the Elkhorn Slough Water Quality Management Plan 1-50
Marina, CA4 Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments (AMBAG) Soil conservation, California, Elkhorn Slough, Watershed, Water quality management, sociology, farming practices, ethnicity, agriculture, policy, resource management, land use Final Report The most important conclusion of this study should be the recognition of the need for different approaches to work with different groups of farmers. When I began this project I was aware of the ethnic distinctions within the industry but expected to find other variations which would cut across ethnicity such as farm size or income. The high correlation between ethnicity and a variety of farm and grower characteristics highlighted the importanc of ethnic social communtiies in creating and maintaining distictive farming practices. Agency personnel that have worked in this region recognize that ethnic differences exist among their consituents but social and political ediquette constrained agencies from treating them differently. Institutional biases may have inadvertently accentuated the differeces between the ethnic farming groups by underserving particular growers.
The results of this survey make it very clear that variation does exist. If regional environmental water quaility objective are to be achieved, the role of each grower communioty must be considered and addressed appropriately. Generic policy options will be ineffective and will waste scarce financial resources. targeting of efforts to the relevant populations will achieve more effective results in a shorter time as less cost. M$ also have a copy of the draft report esf?' Mountjoy, D.C. 1996p Ethnic diversity and the patterned adoption of soil conservation in the Strawberry Hills of Monterey, California 339-357 Society & Natural Resources 9 4 adoption, ethnicity, knowledge system, limited resource farmers, management style, soil conservation, strawberries, environmental studies, development, geography, terrestrial, plants, agriculture Extensive research over the past 50 years has concentracted on explaining the adoption of soil conservation practices in terms of individuals farmer and farm firm characteristics. This article suggests an expanded approach in which the socioeconomic context of individual behavior is considered. Descriptive results from a survey of ethnically diverse strawberry farmers on erodible lands in California are used to develop a socal model of conservation adoption. Anglo, Japanese and Mexican farmers are shown to differ in terms of personal experience in the industry, farm business characteristics, information networks, adn attitudes about farming. The concepts of knowledge systems and normative farm management styles are introduced as a framework for understanding the influence of ethnic historical context on current behavior. The implications of this model for resource conservation policy also are discussed. Recognition of the influence of social group membership is critical in the development of effective conservation programs and policies. M esf ?(
Mountjoy, D. C. 2001_ Ethnicity, multiple communities, and the promotion of conservation: Strawberries in California 1-27 USDA" agriculture; ethnicity; California P, M esf ?)
Muir, K. 1972V Geology and ground water of the Pajaro Valley area of Santa Cruz and Monterey counties
Menlo Park USGS geology; water Open file report G, W not here ?*
j Mulcock, J. 1991\ Distribution of snowy egrets (Egretta thula) on a mudflat area of Elkhorn Slough, California 1-10 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Elkhorn Slough, Vertebrates, Chordates, birds, egrets, marine, estuarine, shallow subtidal, intertidal, ecology, foraging, habitat quality Unpublished Student Report The objective of this research was to count the numbers of Snowy Egrets in a tidal mud-flat region of Elkhorn Slough during varying tides and determine the effects of tide on Snowy Egret distribution. I found that the number of Snowy Egrets foraging during high and low tide was not significantly different. Some areas appeared to be better for foraging habitat at low tide and other areas appeared to better foraging habitat at high tide. B esf~?+ Munson, Delane Alan 1976 An analysis of some of the factors affecting the distribution of the metazoan fauna in a California estuarine sulfide ecosystem 1-288! Department of Biological Sciences
Palo Alto, CA+ Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University Salt marsh, ecology, California, Elkhorn Slough, Estuarine ecology, Biogeography, Invertebrates, topography, water movement, sulfide concentration, density, sediment characteristics Ph.D. Dissertation N/A R Table of contents and Figures sp esf ?,
Musselman, J.F. 1985K Sanitary survey of shellfish waters, Elkhorn Slough, California, March 1985 1-32u Region IX Shellfish Specialist, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Department of Health and Human Services Elkhorn Slough, invertebrates, shellfish, molluscs, water quality, pollution, risk assessment, fecal coliform, temperature, salinity, aquaculture Report} All areas of Moss Landing Harbor and Elkhorn Slough failed to meet the recommendations of the NSSP during the survey for designation as "Approved" or "Conditionally Approved" for shellfish harvesting.
Designated mariculture lease areas in Elkhorn Slough (Stations 10 through 19) met the recommendations of the NSSP during the survey for designation as "Conditionally Restricted" for shellfish harvesting for controlled purification of the shellfish. This designation would require definition of the duration of closure to harvesting following significant rainfall events.
The designation "Restricted" could also be used if shellfish were relayed to "Approved" waters per NSSP recommendations for relay.
Pollution abatement measures subsequent to this survey may result in significant water quality improvements in the harbor and slough with resultant potential for upgrading the shellfish classification in the future. Upgrading to "Approved" status for Elkhorn Slough is highly unlikely so long as numerous nonpoint pollution sources remain on the watershed and the power plant cooling system continues to transport harbor water into the slough. I, M esfL ?-
$ Nerney, L.
Lindquist, D.
Leopold, B. 1993 A temporal comparison of fish abundances and composition in the restoration site of the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve 1-34 Moss Landing Marine Laboratoriesp Vertebrates, Chordates, fishes, Elkhorn Slough, restoration, erosion, habitat alteration, marsh, marine, ecology Unpublished Student Report The Elkhorn Slough NERR includes a restored marsh area which was opened to tidal action in 1983. There had been several studies to characterize the fish assemblages present in 1983, 1984, and 1985. Since this time, there has been significant erosion by tidal scour which has resultedin the deepening of the main channel of the restored marsh. This change in the physical habitat has caused the fish assemblage to take on characteristics similar to the deeper main channel of Elkhorn Slough. It has made the current asemblage more diverse and evenly distributed. The change in habitat also may be responsible for the differences in observed frequencies of Paralichthys californicus and Leptocottus armatus in trawls of the main channel. Concurrent seine studies have shown a larger and more diverse assemblage that has dispersed to utilize the entire shallow finger channel habitat since previous studies. F2 multiple copies (2); two copies don't have figures esf ?. NERRS 19890 Research summary: seagrass research in the NERRS 14 p. September U.S. Department of Commerce NOAAB seagrass, Elkhorn Slough, NERRS, marine, Padilla Bay, South Slough P not here esf ?/ Neuman, K.
Hickey, C. 1993` The ecology and distribution of waterbirds in three pocket marshes in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-43# Department of Environmental Studies Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz Vertebrates, birds, Elkhorn Slough, shorebirds, marine, estuarine, pocket marsh, ecology, natural history, distribution, abundance, habitat use, behavior, foraging
Senior Thesis During the winter of 1992-93, we documented habitat use, behavior, and abundance of herons and egrets (Ciconiiformes) and shorebirds (Charadriiformes) in three pocket marshes peripheral to Elkhorn Slough, a large estuary on the Central California coast. The pocket marshes support a diverse assemblage of species which, while fairly infrequent in the main slough, are relatively common in the marshes. The most common species (dowitchers, Limnodromus spp.; killdeer, Charadrius vociferus; yellowlegs, Tringa spp.; American Avocets, Recurvirostra americana; Black-necked stilts, Himantopus himatopus; Willets, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus; Great egret,Casmerodius albus; and Snowy Egret, Egretta thula) primarily used three habitat types: mudflat, pickleweed, and open water. For these species, our data showed the following trends: a) species richness and abundance tend to increase with tide; b) seasonal wather patterns influenced abundance and species composition over winter; c) the behavior and habitat selection of all study species except one, were not influenced by tide; d) waterfowl abundance increased throughout winter; and e) in an inter-marsh comparison, the largest, most habitat-diverse marsh supported more species and more individuals, while the smallest, most homogenous marsh supported the least number of species and individuals. Due to delayed, reduced tidal flushing and topographically diverse habitat, the pocket marshes may represent a unique habitat for marsh dwelling species. B esf?0 Neuman, KN; Henkel LA; Page GW 20084 Shorebird Use of Sandy Beaches in Central California 6
Waterbirds 31 1; human disturbance, sandy beach, shorebird, swash zone slope Journal Artikle In this study, the relationship between physical attributes of sandy beaches, levels of human disturbance, and shorebird occurrence was investigated. The linear density km-1 of shorebirds on 42 km of sandy beaches in Monterey Bay, California was documented from late autumn through spring, and the relationship of shorebird densities to two physical variables (slope of beach swash zone, total beach width), one spatial variable (distance to Elkhorn Slough, a wetland of regional importance for shorebirds), and relative level of human disturbance was analyzed using stepwise multiple regression. The six most abundant species were Sanderling (Calidris alba), Willet (Tringa semipalmata), Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa), Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola), Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) and Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus). Mean abundance of four of the six most abundant species (Marbled Godwit, Willet, Whimbrel, Black-bellied Plover) was negatively related to swash zone slope; flatter beaches supported more shorebirds. Mean abundance of all species analyzed was negatively related to distance to Elkhorn Slough; beaches closer to the mouth of Elkhorn Slough supported more shorebirds. Total beach width had no effect on shorebird occurrence, and level of human use appeared to have no effect. Most shorebird species were more abundant on beaches at low than at high tide, indicating that sandy beaches provide important foraging habitat
regionally. pdf available at ESNERR 115 j?1
Newman, J.
Tjeerdema, R. 1994 Environmental chemistry, quality assurance and data report for soil and sediment samples collected for the agriculture and wetlands project in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-22P Prepared for Matthew Werner, Center for Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems_ Elkhorn Slough, sediment, terrestrial, soil, wetlands, marsh, agriculture, pesticide, pollution Report This report contains:
1) Chemistry Analysis - Introduction and Methods
2) Chemistry Analysis - Summary and Results of Quality Assurance
3) Chemistry Analysis - Chlorinated pesticide data C, M esf ?2
NOAA 1995 Conserving the nation's coasts and estuaries. A strategic plan for the National Estuarine Research Reserve System: A state and federal partnership 1-36 Washington,D.C.8 Estuaries, conservation, resource management, monitoring Report This report describes the NERR system. It introduced the program history, descibes the importance of coasts and estuaries, gives the status of coasts and estuaries and discusses the future of the NERRS. The mission of the NERRS is defines and the following goals are described in detail:
1) representing protected areas
2) partnerships
3) informed coastal management and stewardship
4) scientific understanding through research
5) education M esf ?3 NOAA 1998 - 2000A National Estuarine Research Reserve Graduate Research Fellowships 1-57 graduate research fellowships R esf ?4 NOAA 2001t Announcement of graduate research fellowships in the National Estuarine Research Reserve System for fiscal year 2001 1-26 graduate research fellowships announcement R esf Ʉ?5
NOAA Coastal Services Center, 1998 C-CAP, Coastal Change Analysis Program: Land cover changes in the San Francisco Bay and Elkhorn Slough areas of California, 1986 to 1993 1 computer laser optical disc Charleston, S.C.
The Center Coast changes, California, San Francisco Bay Area, Coastal ecology, Elkhorn Slough, Maps Digital Raster Vector, Geographic information systems data NOAA/CSC/98-002 Disc provides an interface to view coastal resource information about San Francisco Bay Region in California. It integrates satellite-derived land cover data with other map data layers in one, easy-to-use, file. M not here System requirements: PC, Macintosh or UNIX computer capable of running web browser that is HTML 2.0 compliant, with CD-ROM drive that is 4X or faster.
Contains various GIS databases. Customized ESRI ArcView and ArcExplorer project files are also included.8 UCSC Science Maps CD: C 55.54:SA 5 F/CD
Library Use Only\ ?6
' Office of Coastal Zone Management NOAAr Attachment to the final environmental impact statement prepared on the proposed Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary Washington, DC& NOAA Office of Coastal Zone Management/ Elkhorn Slough; environmental impact statement, M not here, compendium of comments received on the deis. esf?7 Norris, J.N. 1970X Studies on the taxonomy and distribution of some ulvales from Elkhorn Slough, California 1-102 San Francisco, CA San Francisco State College Elkhorn Slough, green algae, marine, estuarine, marsh, benthic, ecology, distribution, morphology, natural history, environmental gradient, salinity M.A. Thesis( Toxonomic and morphological studies of 10 species of green algae belonging to the order Ulvales were made from the ecologically interesting brackish-water Elkhorn Slough in northern Monterey County, central California. Stations were set up at 10 points, showing varying salinity and temperature, and collections of algae were made for a period of 10 months at 3-week intervals.
None of the algae studied occurred at all 10 stations, but the two species of Ulva studied occurred only on the ocean or more saline portions; one species on Enteromorpha (E. linza) occurred in these saline portions also. In all stations that were not open to the ocean, the dominant species was Enteromorpha clathrata and its two varieties; on mud flats and in channels with water of high salinity and great tidal fluctuation the commonest species was Enteromorpha prolifera. Enteromorpha flexuosa from one station and Monostroma oxyspermum from two stations were found in lower saline water. Regardless of salinity and temperature, Blidingia minima var. subsalsa occurred wherever there were beds of Salicornia viginica (a flowering plant) at the high tide line. Although fairly commonly found wherever the host grew at high tide line, this algae is reported from California for the first time.
Enteromorpha compressa and E. intestinalis, probably the most widespread species in this genus, were found in abundance at stations with salinity similar to that of the open sea. Other species in the genus were found in more specific locations, such as sheltered areas where Enteromorpha linza grew. P esf ?8
Norris, J.W. 19697 Preliminary report on creel census of Moss Landing area 1-18 PG&E creel consensus; fish3 Progress report by Moss Landing Marine Laboratories March, 1969 M not here ?9
Norris, S. 2006b Identifying Economic Indicators for Ecosystem-Based Management: A Case Study in the Elkhorn Slough 54 Bachelor of Science) California State University, Monterey BayB http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Norris_2006.pdf R?:
j
Norris, T. 1991{ Distribution and Abundance of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) During Diurnal High and Low Tides in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-18 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Vertebrates, mammals, harbor seal, Elkhorn Slough, estuarine, mudflats, haulout, ecology, marine mammals, natural history, distribution, abundance, tidal fluctuations, foraging Unpublished Student Report, The objectives of this study were:
1) to determine if individuals exhibit area fidelity;
2) to determine if harbor seals are more abundant on different haulout sites;
3) to determine if individuals exhibit haulout site fidelity; and
4) to determine if there is an effect of tide on harbor seal abundance in different areas.
Results indicate that use of different areas by radio-tagged harbor seal was not affected by tides.
Results of comparisons between counts for different areas suggest that tagged seals may be using areas 1, 2, and 3 unequally
Individuals tagged seals seemed to prefer certain haul-out sites and areas.
preliminary data from a study examining feeding habits of harbor seals using scat samples indicate that during fall months and winter months, harbor seals are feeding offshore at night. V esf ?;
Nybakken, J.P A summary and analysis of the 1975-1980 kaiser benthic infaunal sampling program Watsonville Moss Landing Marine Laboratories= Benthic; infauna; invertebrates; sampling; monitoring; marine I, V esf D?<
Nybakken, J. 1971 Biological studies, a summaryB Kaiser Refractories Environmental Studies, Final Report, June 1971 Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
Invertebrates Technical Publication R not here1 $want abstract - what exactly is covered in this? 71-03 ߦ?= j Nybakken, J. 1971T Reproductive cycle and growth rates of Tresus nuttalli in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-171= Second National Coastal and Shallow Water Research Conference8 University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles, CA Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Elkhorn Slough, clam, benthic, estuary, ecology, reproduction, seasonality, growth rate, juvenilep Tresus nuttalli is an important clam in Elkhorn Slough where it receives considerable fishery pressure from sportsmen. This species remains, however, relatively unknown ecologically. The present study is divided into two parts.
The first part is concerned with the elucidation of the spawning cycle. In this phase of the study samples of 20 adult clams are taken each month and sacrificed for gonad sectioning. Observation of the gonad sections under the microscope is used to establish the stage of reproductive readiness and the approximate time of spawning. Results from a year and a half of this phase of the project indicates that T. nuttalli breeds at a low level almost all year but has two main peaks in the spawning cycle, one in winter and one in the spring. Small clams may be found year round.
The second phase of the study is concerned with the determination of the growth rate of the juvenile clams (those from 4-30 mm in shell length). This aspect of the study has been most successfully approached through the placing of measured, marked juveniles in containers, returning them to the slough, retrieving the container after 2 months and remeasuring the clams. The few data thus far available from this study suggest that the growth rate of the juveniles is very rapid, approaching 0.25 mm in shell length per day, for those clams in the size range of 4-20 mm in shell length. I Abstract Volume esfD?> Nybakken, J.
Jong, C. 1977T Benthic invertebrate baseline studies of the Moss Landing-Elkhorn Slough environment Ecological and hydrographic studies of Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing Harbor and nearshore coastal waters, July 1974-June 1976, Technical report.& Nybakken, J.
Cailliet, G.
Broenkow, W. Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
Invertebrates I not here` $want abstract; is this a chapter in the other 1977 reference? if so, citation should be changed ??
Nybakken, J.
Oliver, J.
Jong, C. 1982J The ecology of intertidal flats of central California: A community profile 1-146 Slidell, LAC The National Coastal Ecosystem Team, U.S. Fish and Wildlike Service Elkhorn Slough, estuaries, central California, marine, baseline characterization, biogeography, oceanography, microorganisms, invertebrates, fish, birds, disturbance ReportR This community profile represents the first in this series to deal with the intertidal soft sediment habitats of "flats" , of the Pacific coast of North America. The area of concern in this report is central California, a region which we have arbitrarily established as bounded on the south by Morro Bay and on the North by Bodega Harbor Bay. The purpose of this community profile is to provide an overview of physical conditions acting on intertidal flats, the ecological relationships among the organisms associated with these areas, and the impact of these flats on adjacent habitats.
Ch 1 outlines the general oceanographic climate, and physical features of central California. The tidal flats are categorized into groups, and contrasts made between their features and those of the east coast. The next four chapters discuss the organisms inhabiting tidal flats, beginning with the autotrophs and other microorganisms and continuing through macro-invertebrates, fishes, and birds. The last chapter details the problems produced by human and natural perturbations and summarizes the prededing chapters. R multiple copies (2) esf Y?@
@ Nybakken, James Willard
Cailliet, Gregor M.
Broenkow, William W. 1975? A baseline study of the Moss Landing/Elkhorn Slough environment 1-219 Moss Landing, CA.L Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State Universities and Colleges Marine ecology, California, Monterey Bay, invertebrates, vertebrates, physical oceanography, Natural resources, Moss Landing, Elkhorn Slough, baseline characterization, estuarine, marine, fish, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates Progress ReportO In July, 1974 we began a baseline study of the Moss Landing-Elkhorn Slough marine environment for PG&E as mandated by the Coastal Commission. This report consititutes results of the first year's program. It is divided into three sections, oceanography, benthic invertebrate ecology, and fish and zooplankton ecology. This is a preliminary account. Data presented here are mainly in tabular or graphic form such that they are retrievable from the report without referring to the original data sheets. Although this report appears voluminous, it represents only a fraction of the data thus far collected. From our preliminary working wiht the data, we have found Elkhorn Slough and environs to be an exceedingly complex system in which there are strong temporal and spatial changes and thus far we have barely gained an understanding of the system. R esf ?A
D Nybakken, James Willard
Cailliet, Gregor M.
Broenkow, William Walter 1977} Ecologic and hydrographic studies of Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing Harbor and nearshore coastal waters, July 1974 to June 1976 1-465 Moss Landing, CA. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Marine invertebrates, California, Monterey Bay, Estuarine ecology, Chemical oceanography, Estuarine oceanography, Benthos, Elkhorn Slough, hydrography W not here sp" UCSC Science Stacks: QH541.5.S3N87 ?B
Nystrom, Daniel 1950% A description of some anomuran larvae 1-10 Bodega Marine LaboratoryH Elkhorn Slough; Callianassa; Invertebrates; Arthropoda; Crustacea; crabs Unpublished Student Report I not here $want abstract5?C
( O’Higgins, Timothy; Rumrill, Steven S. 2007I Tidal and Watershed Forcing of Nutrients and Dissolved Oxygen Stress within Four
Pacific Coast Estuaries: Analysis of Time-Series Data collected by the National
Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program (2000-2006) within
Padilla Bay (WA), South Slough (OR), Elkhorn Slough (CA) and the Tijuana River
estuary (CA) 58 Charleston, OR^ The NOAA/UNH Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine
Environmental Technology (CICEET) September 28, 2007 C pdf available at ESNERR%?D
" Office of Coastal Zone Management, 1979r Attachment to the final environmental impact statement prepared on the proposed Elkhorn Slough estuarine sanctuary 1-331* Compendum of comments received in the DEIS NOAA4 Elkhorn Slough; management; human impacts; Estuaries M?E
J Office of Coastal Zone Management,
California Department of Fish and Game, 1979| Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary: Proposed Estuarine Sanctuary Grant Award for Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California 1-241 Washington, D.C.L U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Estuaries, California, Estuarine area conservation, Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary, resource management, Environmental Impact Statement, marine reserve, conservation, research, education$ Final Environmental Impact Statement This report discusses Elkhorn Slough management, environmental impacts (air, land and water quality), human use and resources. It outlines the affected environments and proposes a management plan for the Sanctuary. M esf?F
K Office of Coastal Zone Management,
California Deptartment of Fish and Game, 1978| Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary: Proposed Estuarine Sanctuary Grant Award for Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California 1-92 Washington, D.C.L U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Estuaries, California, Estuarine area conservation, Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary, resource management, Environmental Impact Statement, marine reserve, conservation, research, education$ Draft Environmental Impact Statement This report discusses Elkhorn Slough management, environmental impacts (air, land and water quality), human use and resources. It outlines the affected environments and proposes a management plan for the Sanctuary. M esf ?G
' Oggins, C.R.
Briggs, L.L.
Blumeneau, A. 1996U Procedural guidance manual: Addressing polluted runoff in the California Coastal Zone California Coastal Commission pollutants; runoff M not here 2nd edition ?H Oliver, J.S. 1973E The vertical distribution of the infauna in a sublittoral sand-bottom Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories' invertebrates; benthic; marine; ecology M.A. Thesis I not here?I Oliver, J.S. 1980 Processes affecting the organization of marine soft-bottom communities in Monterey Bay, California and McMurdo Sound, Antarctica 1-300
San Diego, CAH Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diegog biotic communities, marine ecology, California, Monterey Bay, Elkhorn Slough, Antarctica, McMurdo Sound Ph.D. Dissertation I, V
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1 Oliver, J.S.
King, J.
Hornberger, M.
Schwartz, D. Erosion of wetland habitats by increasing tidal currents from harbor construction and breaching dikes in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-23Z National Estuarine Research Reserve, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administrationl Elkhorn Slough, hydrology, human impact, erosion, coastal geology, sediment, tidal creeks, salt marsh, dikes Fianl Draft Report Unlike most wetlands along the west coast of North America, Elkhorn Slough is eroding at high rates because of anthropogenic manipulations of the watershed. The most extensive erosion was caused by the construction of Moss Landing Harbor and the maintenance of the harbor entrance at the slough's mouth since 1947. The pre-harbor slough was a shallow estuarine embayment with mild tidal currents and no intertidal flats. The harbor opening exposed large areas of intertidal mudflats. It scoured the slough with strong tidal curretns (max of 71 cm/sec) eroding every major sedimentary habitat. The deepest part of the main channel increased from less than 7 m in width to 125 m, and from about 1 m in depth to 7 m. Tidal creeks in the marsh increased in width an average of 72% from 1931 to 1980 (N=4), when the cover of salt marsh plants (mostly Salicornia virginica) decreased from an average of 92% to 69% (N=9). The edges of mudflats and salt marsh eroded into the main channel; and dikes and upland habitats were undercut. Rates of erosion increased during the 1980's with the breakage of dikes surrounding five former wetlands (pastures and salt ponds). The diked areas added 2.8 km2 of new wetlands to the slough, and increased the total volume of water by approximately 80%. Tidal creeks draining natural marshes increased in size by an average of 18% (N=4) from 1980 to 1987 (40 cm/yr); and increased 74% (N=3) in creeks draining habitats with broken dikes (186 cm/yr). During the same time, the cover of vegetated salt marsh decreased by 8% (N=8). The rate of wetland loss (increase in tide creek width and decrease in plant cover) from 1980 to 1987 was significantly greater than the rate from 1931 to 1980. Dike breakage was a planned and unplanned strategy for restoring salt marshes, which unfortunately accelerated habitat loss. Changes in biological communities related to erosion were equally dramatic. Extensive eel grass habitat was eroded; freshwater vegetation and anadromous fishes disappeared; and native bird, fish and invertebrate communities were replaced by more marine assemblages. Although wetland erosion in the slough is as high as rates measured from the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain, the ecological changes in the slough may be much greater. W, M multiple copies (2) esf
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6 Oliver, J.S.
King, J.A.
Hornberger, M.
Schwartz, D.L.U Extensive salt marsh erosion caused by human activities in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-26k Elkhorn Slough, hydrology, human impact, erosion, coastal geology, sediment, tidal creeks, salt marsh, dike Unpublished Paper Unlike most wetlands along the west coast of North America, Elkhorn Slough is eroding at high rates because of anthropogenic manipulations of the watershed. The most extensive erosion was caused by the construction of Moss Landing Harbor and the maintenance of the harbor entrance at the slough's mouth since 1947. The pre-harbor slough was a shallow estuarine embayment with mild tidal currents and no intertidal flats. The harbor opening exposed large areas of intertidal mudflats. It scoured the slough with strong tidal curretns (max of 71 cm/sec) eroding every major sedimentary habitat. The deepest part of the main channel increased from less than 7 m in width to 125 m, and from about 1 m in depth to 7 m. Tidal creeks in the marsh increased in width an average of 72% from 1931 to 1980 (N=4), when the cover of salt marsh plants (mostly Salicornia virginica) decreased from an average of 92% to 69% (N=9). The edges of mudflats and salt marsh eroded into the main channel; and dikes and upland habitats were undercut. Rates of erosion increased during the 1980's with the breakage of dikes surrounding five former wetlands (pastures and salt ponds). The diked areas added 2.8 km2 of new wetlands to the slough, and increased the total volume of water by approximately 80%. Tidal creeks draining natural marshes increased in size by an average of 18% (N=4) from 1980 to 1987 (40 cm/yr); and increased 74% (N=3) in creeks draining habitats with broken dikes (186 cm/yr). During the same time, the cover of vegetated salt marsh decreased by 8% (N=8). The rate of wetland loss (increase in tide creek width and decrease in plant cover) from 1980 to 1987 was significantly greater than the rate from 1931 to 1980. Dike breakage was a planned and unplanned strategy for restoring salt marshes, which unfortunately accelerated habitat loss. Changes in biological communities related to erosion were equally dramatic. Extensive eel grass habitat was eroded; freshwater vegetation and anadromous fishes disappeared; and native bird, fish and invertebrate communities were replaced by more marine assemblages. Although wetland erosion in the slough is as high as rates measured from the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain, the ecological changes in the slough may be much greater. M multiple copies (2) esf ~?L Oliver, J.S.
Long, C. 1981U Polychaete larval retention, flushing, and invasion in the Elkhorn Slough, California 278 Estuaries 4 3 Invertebrates, Annelida, Polychaeta, larvae, zooplankton, recruitment, hydrography, benthos, larvae, biological settlement, Polychaeta, California, Monterey Bay, Elkhorn Slough, Brackish, ecology/ Settlement of polychaete larvae into bottom collecting jars indicates a distinct back-lagoon assemblage which is retained by a relatively isolated water mass. The lagoon mouth is well mixed with water from the adjacent Monterey Bay. Another larval assemblage is found at the mouth, but it is frequently flushed into the Monterey Bay. Few strictly offshore species invade the lagoon. Larval settlement patterns usually correspond to bottom population abundances. Water masses of the back lagoon and mouth are characterized by different copepods and other settling invertebrate larvae. Finally, water-mass isolation and movement, larval availability, and population patterns can be manipulated in an experimental wetland to test ideas about larval dispersal and recruitment on a large and potentially realistic scale. I Abstract from conference sp esf
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Oliver, J.S.
Mayer, M.A.] Development of plant zonation and preemption of space during the colonization of a salt marsh 1-48 Elkhorn Slough, salt marsh, zonation, disturbance, Salicornia, dodder, competition, succession, colonization, plant, pickleweed, estuary, benthic, intertidal, ecology Unpublished Manuscript Plant zonation was established during the initial colonization of a newly formed salt marsh in Elkhorn Slough, California. The perennial succulent, Salicornia virginica, dominated the cover in the most extensive plant zone (Salicornia zone) within three years, preempting space and inhibiting colonization of annual and other perennial species. Salicornia's life history permits rapid invasion, especially its germination lowest on the shore and high availablility of floating seeds. Although the annual species, Spergularia marina, also colonized the Salicornia zone, it was competitively over grown by Salicornia. Reciprocal weeding experiments showed a significant negative impact by Salicornia on cover of Spergularia, and no effect of Spergularia on Salicornia. The dense Salicornia canopy blocked 99% of incoming sunlight from the understory. As a result, few seeds germinated and survived under the canopy. When the canopy was experimentally removed, there was a significant increase in seed germination, and growth and survival of seedlings. Nevertheless, natural and experimental gaps in the Salicornia canopy were colonized only by annual plants (primarily Atriplex patula) or Salicornia, and by no other perennials.
Species invaded the established Salicornia zone only after natural disturbances opened gaps in the canopy. Wrack debris was deposited at high tide strand line and in patches throughout the Salicornia zone, especially at sharp vertical discontinuities (channel edges, pannes, dikes). Wrack covered the canopy and provided an unshaded substrate that was often colonized by Atriples. Without periodic redeposition, wrack gaps and their Atriplex colonists were overgrown by Salicornia in three years. A similar pattern was observed when the Salicornia canopy was destroyed by infestations of the parasitic plant, dodder (Cuscuta salina).
The other common perennial species, Jaumea carnosa, Frankenia grandifolia, and Distichlis spicata, dominated the cover of a relatively narrow zone above the strand line (usually above 1.9 m), but apparently invaded the Salicornia zone on wrack debris. They occurred in the Salicornia zone in small patches (<10 m2) that were diproportionately abundant in subhabitats where the frequency of wrack deposition was greatest. The size and shape of the perennial patches were also similar to wrack deposits. Although one upper zone species (Jaumea) grew into experimental canopy gaps significantly faster than Salicornia, we observed competitive standoffs at natural, undisturbed interfaces between Salicornia and several perennials for five years. Wrack deposition is probably a major disturbance process in many salt marshes, and, in Elkhorn Slough, was much more important in the past before extensive water diversions and diking, ditching, and draining of wetlands. Thus, while salt marsh zonation may be established in relatively rapid colonization events, conspicuous plant mosaics may be controlled by periodic disturbances such as wrack deposition. P multiple copies (2) esf 8 ?N
Oliver, J.S.
Mayer, M.A.h Monitoring Plant Colonization and Establishing Rare Plants in a New Salt Marsh on Elkhorn Slough Reserve 1-35 Elkhorn Slough Research Reserve, Plants, Recruitment, Jaumea, Elkhorn Slough, salt marsh, zonation, disturbance, Salicornia, dodder, competition, succession, colonization, pickleweed, estuary, benthic, intertidal, ecology Unpublished Manuscript Two distinct plant zones occurred in the salt marshes of Elkhorn Slough. The broad, flat Salicornia zone extended from the lowest salt marsh elevations (~1.3 m above MLLW) to the strand line where drifting wrack debris was frequently deposited at high tides (1.7-1.9 m). Salicornia virginica often accounted for over 90% of the plant cover in this zone. The largest, continuous patches of other common salt marsh species occurred in the upper zone above the strand line (Jaumea carnosa, Frankenia grandifolia, and Distichlis spicata) or within the strand line (Atriplex patula) in established marshes. The upper marsh species were not excluded from the Salicornia zone by physical and chemical conditions. Quantitative observations, transplant experiments and canopy removal experiments showed that upper zone species produced flowers, grew and invaded open space (canopy gaps) by vegetative growth equally well in the Salicornia zone and the upper zone.
The rapid recruitment and growth of Salicornia preempted space and prevented the colonization of annual and other perenial species. Salt marsh zonation was established during the initial invasion or colonization of a new, human-made shoreline habitat. Salicornia was the only perennial species to invade the Salicornia zone with large numbers of seedlings, developing a dense canopy with greater than 70% cover within three years throughout the new marsh. The dense canopy prevented over 99% of the sunlight from reaching the sediment in established marshes. When upper zone species and Salicornia co-occurred, they maintained competitive stand-offs for many years in the slough. On the other hand, reciprocal weeding experiments showed that Salicornia significantly reduced the cover of an annual species, Spergularia marina, after only two years during the colonization of the new marsh.
Upper zone species invaded the Salicornia zone when the Salicornia canopy was destroyed by wrack deposition and less frequently by parasite infestation. Woody plant debris and drifing macroalgae were regularly deposited in the narrow (usually 1-2 m wide) strand line near the highest tide (1.7-1.9 m above MLLW) and less frequently below the strand line in the Salicornia zone. Wrack disturbance opened gaps in the dense Salicornia canopy, provided a germination substrate and probably contained many seeds. Atriplex colonized wrack deposits throughout the marsh, but did not persist if wrack disturbance was infrequent. As a result, Atriplex characterized the strand line, but disappeared within several years from isolated wrack patches within the Salicornia zone as the dense Salicornia canopy reformed. Although perennial species (except Salicornia) did not colonize the observed wrack deposits, the existing patches of Jaumea and Frankenia within the Salicornia zone were disproportionately abundant in subhabitats where the frequency of wrack deposition was greatest (e.g., channel and creek edges, pannes, dikes). The size and shape of these perennial patches was also similar to the size and shape of wrack patches. Therefore, wrack disturbance may account for much of the mosaic of plant patches within the Salicornia zone. Parasitic infestation of dodder (Cuscuta salina) also produced gaps in the Salicornia canopy that were colonized by annual species which persisted for several years until the Salicornia canopy reformed. Since perennial species such as Jaumea grew into gaps faster than Salicornia, these species could eventually replace Salicornia if dodder or wrack disturbance was frequent. However, canopy disturbance was infrequent in the Salicornia zone and Salicornia usually invaded gaps before other species because it's seeds germinated lowest in the marsh and because it covered most of the Salicornia zone and thus surrounded most gaps. Wrack disturbance surely produced much more extensive and complex plant mosaics in the past when the deposition of wrack debris was more frequent and widespread. P multiple copies (2) esf ?O Oliver, J.S.
Reilly, M.E. 1981l Patch formation and competition among the flowering plants of a salt-water marsh, Elkhorn Slough, California 263 Estuaries 4 3 salt marshes, vegetation cover, competition, Salicornia virginica, Jaumea carnosa, Frankenia grandifolia, California, Elkhorn Slough, Atriplex, Brackish, plant, ecology, community, growth rate, flower production, seeds, popultion dynamics The lower salt-water marsh of Elkhorn Slough is dominated by Salicornia virginica , but two upland species, Jaunea carnosa and Frankenia grandifolia , occur in relatively small patches here. Their growth, flower production, and seed viability are similar in upland and lowland populations. These upland species are not restricted to high spots in the lower marsh. Patches are dispersed in a non-random pattern and are most frequent in areas that trap the woody wrack materials stranded by the tide. The wrack covers the dominant plant and provides a substrate for germination and growth. Another upland species, Atriplex spp., colonizes the wrack in late winter. Seed germination and seedling survival is significantly higher on the wrack compared to the surrounding Salicornia mat. Salicornia seedlings are most abundant in the higher part of the Salicornia zone, but seedlings of Jaumea, Frankenia, and Atriplex also are present. Experiments manipulating wrack and seedling occurrence in the lower marsh are in progress. Competitive release experiments will take more than two years to evaluate, but unvegetated areas are colonized more rapidly in the upland and Salicornia appears to be the dominant competitor of the lower zone. P abstract from conference esf ?P
Oliver, J.S.
Schwartz, D.L. 1988b Photograph and map library for Elkhorn Slough Reserve: Erosion and sedimentation in Elkhorn Slough 1-13i Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Elkhorn Slough, plants, salt marsh, eel grass, pickleweed, estuarine, seawater, freshwater, benthic habitat, hydrology, coastal geology, erosion, human impact, sedimentation Final Report The entrance to Moss Landing Harbor was opened at the mouth of the slough in 1947, exposing it to daily tidal scour. Extensive mudflats were produced in the head waters of the slough for the first time in recorded history. The old mouth was less than 1 m deep and is now over 5 m deep and every major wetland habitat is being eroded at high rates today. The erosion is removing vegetated salt marsh, widening tidal creeks and channels, cutting back mudflats, undercutting upland habitat and dikes, and killing trees. The once shallow and brackish river tributary is now a relatively deep-water tidal lagoon. While pickleweek was a dominant plant before the harbor opened and remains the dominant salt marsh plant, an abundant cover of brackish and freshwater plants was probably killed by the new salt water influence. The extensive eel grass beds were destroyed by eroding the shallow habitat. The only important sedimentation into the slough is on several fans along the western pickleweek marsh. M esf ?Q
Oliver, J.S.
Slattery, P.N. 1973I Dredging, dredge spoil disposal and benthic invertebrates in Monterey Bay 1-139/ invertebrates; sediment; Human Activity; marine I not here ?R
Oliver, J.S.
Slattery, P.N. 1976L Effects of Dredging and Disposal on Some Benthos at Monterey Bay, California 1-81 Fort Belvoir, VA? U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Coastal Enginering Research Center Invertebrates, Monterey Bay, benthic, sediment, dredge material disposal, habitat modification, disturbance, ecology, marine, human impact, resource management Technical Papero The results of this study suggest:
1) The ultimate recovery or recolonization of a dredged area or a disposal area depends upon the timing of the action in relation to the reproduction cycles and distributive abilities of the benthic organisms present in and around the area.
2) In Monterey Bay, spring and fall are the most active spawning seasonsfor many benthic organisms; dredgeing or dumping should be avoided at those times.
3) Underwater disposal of dredged material should be made in unstable areas if possible.
4) Dredged areas or disposal areas may take more than 1.5 years to return to the original conditions. M 76-15 esf ?S Oliver, J. S.
Slattery, P. N. 1981S Community complexity, succession, and resilience in marine soft-bottom environments 259 Estuaries 4 3 Invertebrates, Annelida, Polychaeta, Arthropoda, Crustacea, Elkhorn Slough, larvae, zooplankton, benthic, estuary, succession, life-history, ecology, population dynamics, subtidal, sandy beach Soft-bottom habitats were essentially defaunated to document patterns of community succession (recovery from disturbance). Variation in succession reflected changes in the composition of surrounding, undisturbed communities. Early and late polychaete and crustacean colonists had distinct life-history traits. Early polychaete colonists were small and had short generation times, generally low fecundity, high apparent larval availability, and high mortality rates. Early crustacean colonists were active swimmers and poor burrowers. Late colonists had the opposite traits of the corresponding early group. The rate of succession or community resilience was negative correlated with community complexity. These patterns persisted across many habitats: the haed of Monterey Submarine Canyon, several depths along a subtidal high-energy beach in Monterey Bay, the Elkhorn Slough, and oligotrophic and eutrophic Antarctic habitats. However, the time scale was dramatically extended at the cold polar latitude (-1.8 degree C; 77 degree S). R Abstract from conference esf f?T
; Oliver, J.S.
Slattery, P.N.
Hulberg, L. W.
Nybakken, J. W. 1977 Patterns of succession in benthic infaunal communities following dredging and dredge spoil disposal in Monterey Bay, California 1-186
Vicksburg, MS\ Dredged Material Research Program, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station Invertebrates, Marine biology, Dredged materials, Moss Landing Harbor, Elkhorn Slough, Environmental management, Disturbance, California, Sediments, Disturbances, Aquatic animals, Benthos, Ecosystems, Recovery, Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Crustacea, Annelida, Polychaeta, Larvae, Shallow water, Deep water, Time dependence, Sediment transport, Spoil, resource management, ecology, succession Techincal ReportM This report deals with the patterns of benthic succession in soft-bottom marine communities. The primary study objective was to elucidate and evaluate the mechanisms that control these patterns. Benthic succession is the pattern of community recovery following a perturbation. Controlled perturbations of bottom communities were effected by the dredging of locations in Moss Landing Harbor and by the disposal of dredged material in Monterey Bay, Calif. The general pattern of succession was highly dependent upon the nature of the physical environment and the structure of surrounding communities. The open coast communities of Monterey Bay are numerically dominated by small crustaceans and polychaetes. Succession was divided into an early and a late phase. The early phase was characterized by the immigration of peracarid crustaceans and the settlement of the larvae of relatively opportunistic species of polychaetes. The latter have relatively short generation times, small size, low fecundity and high larval availability (frequency and abundance of larve in the water). These opportunistic are uncommon in the natural, undisturbed bottom community. The later phase of succession was characterized by the gradual reestablishment of the less mobile crustaceans and less opportunistic polychaetes that inhabited the areas prior to the experimental distrubances. It was concluded that the management of benthic marine resources and dredging operations should involve an analysis of the natural distrubance regime at a potential dredging or disposal site and its relation to the associated bottom communities. I, M multiple copies (2) D-77-27 esf
k?U ; Oliver, J.S.
Slattery, P.N.
Hulberg, L. W.
Nybakken, J. W. 1980 Relationships between wave disturbance and zonation of benthic invertebrate communities along a subtidal high-energy beach in Monterey Bay, California 437-454 Fishery Bulletin 78 2 Invertebrates, Marine biology, Monterey Bay, Disturbance, California, Sediments, Aquatic animals, Benthos, Arthropoda, Crustacea, Annelida, Polychaeta, subtidal, sandflats, Time dependence, ecology, zonation, hydrology, wave activityb Benthic marine invertebrates communities were organized along a gradient of wave-induced substrate motion on the subtidal high-energy beach in Monterey Bay, California. Two general zones were distinguished from 6 to 30 m of water. A shallow zone (<14 m) contained sediments that were commonly disrupted by wave activity and it wasprimarily occupied by small, mobile, deposit-feeding peracarid and ostracod crustaceans. Patterns of crustacean morphology and mobility were related to their depth zonation. Few animals lived in permanent tubes or burrows in the crustacean zone. Wave disturbance decreased with increasing water depth, while the numbers of sessile and semi-sessile species, commensal animals, and suspension or selective-surface-deposit feeders increased. The deeper zone (>14 m) was dominated by polychaete worms living in relatively permanent tupes and burrows. A variety of descriptive-correlative evidence indicates that community zonation is strongly influenced by wave-induced bottom disturbance. The evidence included: 1) a positive correlation between water depth and the numbers of tube dwellers, burrow dwellers, and commensal animals which apparently cannot establish or maintain populations in shifting sediments; 2) other depth and thus substrate disturbance related natural history patterns; 3) a positive correlation between the strength of wave activity and the width and depth limits of the faunal zones (i.e., when wave disturbance is more intense, the crustacean zone ends and the polychaete zone begins in deeper water); 4) a correspondence between the largest decrease in polychaete population size and the season and location of greatest wave activity (winter months at the shallowest station); and 5) a marked similarity between community zonation along a depth-dependent gradient of oscillatory substrate motion (gently sloping sandflats) and the zonation along a constant depth gradient of creeping substrate motion (submarine canyon ridge). Other explanations are inconsistent with these biological patterns and, thus, wave disturbance is apparently the major physical process affecting community zonation. I esf %?V Olshansky, R. B. 1982n Erosion susceptibility measures for land use planning in coastal wetland watersheds; Elkhorn Slough case study Berkeley! University of California BerkeleyG erosion; land management; Elkhorn Slough; marsh; estuary; human impacts Masters M esf ?W d Onuf, C.P.
Quammen, M.L.
Shaffer , G. P.
Peterson, C. H.
Chapman, J.W.
Cermak, J.
Holmes, R. W. 1978M An analysis of the values of central and southern California coastal wetlands 186-199= Wetlands Functions and Values: The State of our Understanding( Greeson, P.E.
Clark, J.R.
Clark, J. E. Minneapolis, MN$ American Water Resources Association coastal wetlands, epibenthic productivity, marsh productivity, nursery grounds, organic matter, export, import, California, Elkhorn Slough, fishes, estuary, plants, ecology, baseline characterization Some current coastal wetland values include high productivity, export of significant amounts of organic matter to coastal water, and their role as nursery grounds for commercially and recreationally important finfishes. Research conducted in the eastern arm of Mugu Lagoon, Ventura County, California, has shown: 1) that the productivity of vascular plants in the salt marsh is low compared to east cosat marshes at comparable latitudes, while epibenthic primary production is as high; 2) that export of organic matter is not a dominant feature of the system; and 3) that Mugu Lagoon is probably not an important nursery area for exploited stock of finfish. The few other reports of primary productivity (three for salt marsh, two epibenthic algae) and fish utilization (two studies) of California coastal wetlands generally corroborate these findings; however, the full range of size, latitude, hydrology, and climate of the systems has not been sampled. The critical values of central and southern California coastal wetlands derive from their rarity rather than from any exceptional richenss of the systems. In particular, they are very important as habitats for endangered wildlife and as stopping and wintering grounds for migrating birds on the Pacific flyway. Because they are open space, abundant in wildlife, and often close to densely populated areas, they are valuable educational and aesthetic resources. M esf?X
X Orlando, M. 2001n Determination of gastric retention time of inert particulate materials in leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata 1-60
Santa Cruz$ University of California, Santa Cruz5 physiology; sharks; chondrichthyes; gastric retention
senior thesis May 18, 2001 F esf v?Y
# Orre, K.J.
Hufft, R.A.
Parker, I.M. 2005l The effects of grazing on native and exotic seed banks at Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research ReserveP Elkhorn Slough Foundation and Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve+ Elkhorn Slough Technical Report Series 2005E http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Orre_etal_2005.pdf 1 x ?Z
Osborn, L. 19922 Harbor seal studies in Elkhorn Slough 1989 to 1991 1-21 Monterey, CA& California Department of Fish and Game Vertebrates, mammals, Phoca vitulina, harbor seals, human impacts, reproduction, behavior, ecology, marine mammals, disturbance, resource management Report of Preliminary Findings This study investigates harbor seal behavior patterns, site fidelity, and poulation dynamics, and possilbe human impacts of disturbance from recreational activities in the slough. A focus is given on the potential of management controls.
Fieldwork was conducted from 3/89 to 5/91. Data was collected on 180 days for a total of 800 hours of observation. Research is continuing on site fidelity, pupping, and molt.
A brief discussion follow for each of the topics listed in the two areas of Environment and Behavior.
Environment: haulout sites; harassment - sources and problems; management controls - function, needs and summary; recreational boating activity and impacts.
Behavior: census; adult female pregnancy, pupping, nursery; weaner recruitment; molt; sea otter sightings; sea lion sightings. V esf ?[ Y Osborn, Leslie S. 1985| Population dynamics, behavior, and the effect of disturbance on haulout patterns of the harbor seal Phoca vitulina richardsi 1-750 Departments of Environmental Studies and Biology Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz harbor seal, Phoca vitulina, Elkhorn Slough, California, Population size, Behavior, human impacts, Vertebrates, Chordates, mammals, marine, intertidal, subtidal, ecology, disturbance
Senior ThesisI A six month field study, from Feb - July 1984, was conducted in Elkhorn Slough in order to document the existing level of recreational activity in the vicinity of the haulout, and provide information on the population dynamics, behavior, and haulout patterns of Elkhorn's seals. Monthly maximum censuses were consistent at 35 animals with the exception of a sharp reduction in May and July, months associated with pupping, breeding, and molt. The repeated return sightings of individual seals up to 5 consecutive months is evidence that the Elkhorn herd follows a residency use pattern. The age structure ratio at peak adult attendance was 80% immatures to 20% adults. Feeding was observed in the channel throughout the study period. The only visible catch was the flatfish - starry flounder. All feeding episodes occurred in the hours before 1000 and after 1630 which coincided with the diurnal haul out pattern. Feeding dive times for 11 juveniles were recorded. The average dive was 4 minutes (n 75) with a surface interval of 35 seconds (n 69); foraging depth ranged from 2-8 m. The natural steady state swimming speed, calculated on individual seals arriving to the haulout, was found to be 1.9 m/sec. Aquatic play was recorded on 54% of sampled days. Nearly all behavior was social and involved pairs and occasionally trios of juveniles. Play sessions ranging up to one hour in duration, were composed of play bouts (ave = 4.3 min) and rest periods (ave = 1.7 min). Recreational boating was the single largest contributor of disturbance in the slough and caused nearly two-thirds of seal flight reactions; canoe class being a primary source. All flight incidents occurred within 100m of the haulout; 74% less than 30 m. Power boaters, usually anglers, accounted for nearly 75% of the total boat sightings. Summer showed the highest seasonal level of activity. V multiple copies (3) esf?\
Osborn, L.S. 1985? Elkhorn Slough: Assessment of boating and seal activity in 1984 1-32' California Department of Transportation Vertebrates, Chordates, mammals, Phoca vitulina, disturbance, baseline characterization, human impacts, marine, harbor seals, haulout sites Baseline Report_ This study investigated the relationship between recreational boaters and the factors contributing to seal haulout disturbance. Comment and recommendations are as follows:
It is expected that boating traffic up the slough will increse, the recent launch ramp addition to the harbor and the increased bridge clearance facilitating boater access. How much visitor use the slough wildlife can accomodate, in particular the seal herd, without adversely affecting their natural activity patterns is yet to be determined. It is suggested that until such a determination is made, advertisement of Elkhorn Slough in recreational listings be minimized.
The statistics for visitor use reveal that the slough is exposed to far greater numbers than a simple equating of one boat / one person.
Of the mitigation measures outlined in Caltran's ND&EA document, appropriate posting of the haulout area and adherence to the signs by boaters potentially should minimize harassment to resting seals without limiting recreational use.
It is recommended that 3 marker buoys be placed around the haulout to the east, west, and north; each 50 m distance.
It is recommended that interpretive signs be placed on the levees north and south sides where ownerhip property permits, to make access prohibitive to dogs. In addition, the levee approach to the seal haulout should be signed a restricted area.
Priority should be given to maintaining 'fur flats' as a relatively disturbance-free haulout. The site should continue to be accessible to a growing bay seal population. It is also one of the few true estuarine sites available for research in California. M, V esfk?] % Osovitz, Christopher J.
Julian, David 2002i Burrow irrigation behavior of Urechis caupo, a filter-feeding marine invertebrate, in its natural habitat 149-155 Marine Ecology Progress Series 245 18 [07002] Behavioral biology - General and comparative behavior
[07003] Behavioral biology - Animal behavior
[07508] Ecology: environmental biology - Animal
[07512] Ecology: environmental biology - Oceanography
[64001] Invertebrata: comparative, experimental morphology, physiology and pathology - General
[64032] Invertebrata: comparative, experimental morphology, physiology and pathology - Echiuroidea
elkhorn slough, fat innkeeper worm, mudflats Urechis caupo is a burrow-dwelling filter feeder that captures suspended particles in a mucus net and irrigates its burrow with peristaltic body wall contractions. An electromagnetic flow meter was used to measure the burrow irrigation rates of 7 U. caupo in their natural burrows under normal tidal cycles. The average burrow irrigation rate of 266 +- 158 ml min-1 (mean +- SD) was much greater than that typically reported in laboratory studies (10 to 50 ml min-1). Periods of high irrigation activity, which probably corresponded to feeding behavior, represented 33% of the recorded behavior. These events each lasted for 13.8 +- 4.1 min (mean +- SD), during which time the average irrigation rate was 440 +- 160 ml min-1 (mean +- SD) with a maximum sustained rate of 870 ml min-1. The mean pumping frequency (5.8 contractions min-1) was similar to that of laboratory studies, while the mean stroke volume (44 ml) was comparatively high, indicating that increased stroke volume produced the high flow rates observed in our study. Based on previous density estimates (61 m-2), the data suggest that a population of U. caupo in 1 m2 of mudflat can collectively pump 23 000 l water d-1 through their burrows, of which 13 000 l is filtered through the mucus net. I9 http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2002/245/m245p149.pdf# Using Smart Source Parsing
December" have electronic (pdf) version onlyO Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8525, USA. v ?^ Owens, E.A. 2005 Variation in elasmobranch abundance, community composition, diversity, and sex ratio between three sites with varying tidal influence and spatial arrangement in Elkhorn Slough 34 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Santa Cruz University of California Senior8 No abstract: Introduction section is included in "Notes"_ http://library.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Owens2005_SeniorThesis_elasmobranchs.doc
Introduction
"Marine estuaries are among the earth’s most biologically productive ecosystems and provide essential habitats for birds, fish, crustaceans, and many other species" (Van Dyke and Wasson 2005). Many act as a spawning ground and nursery for many immigrant and resident species. They also provide support for diverse species communities and assemblages that differ from each other due to varying factors such as tidal influence and habitat structure. While the importance of these habitats is clear, how and why these communities and assemblages differ remains unknown. It is also unclear if they show any spatial or temporal variation.
The focal marine estuary for this study was Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR), which is a rich and vitally important member of the marine ecosystem in central California. It is home to many different living organisms, from microscopic plankton to large elasmobranch species such as the leopard shark and shovelnose guitarfish. It is the third largest tidal salt marsh in California, and is one of the state’s last remaining coastal marine wetlands. Located 90 miles south of San Francisco and 20 miles north of Monterey, the slough is located at the base of the hills and valleys of the Monterey and San Benito counties (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Elkhorn Slough Regional Map
In estuaries such as ESNERR, tidal influence and habitat structure are important factors in defining communities. The goal of this study was to examine elasmobranch assemblages at three different sites in a marine estuary to gain insight on how they vary spatially at a small scale. The three sites differ in their tidal flow structure, and geographic placement. The importance of this study is to provide more information and understanding about tidal flow and site structure, and how these factors may or may not effect communities and assemblages of elasmobranchs. It is known that as slough habitats are modified structurally, there are changes that occur within the communities and fish assemblages which inhabit them (Yoklavich 2002). Information from this study may help estuary management make more informed decisions regarding marsh restoration, conservation, and spatial changes such as diking, dredging, or drainage of areas. Hence, conservation efforts have increased with scientists and activists working to protect and maintain the beauty and rich diversity of marine estuaries. This study will attempt to address the following questions; 1.are there differences between these sites in regards to abundance, 2.community composition and 3.assemblage, diversity, and sex ratio in elasmobranch species that occur in Elkhorn Slough.
The elasmobranchs, which include sharks, rays, and skates, are of the Class Elasmobranchii (sharklike fishes) a subclass of Chondrichthyes (cartilagenous fishes). Elasmobranchs play a vital role in the health of the slough. As primary predators, they help to keep the ecosystem in balance. In return, Elasmobranchs depend on the protective and resource rich waters of the slough to feed, mate, and breed. There are seven species of elasmobranchs that are known to be found in the slough including the leopard shark ( Triakis semifasciata) , gray smoothhound (Mustelas californicus), brown smoothhound (Mustelas henlei), bat ray (Myliobatis californica), round ray (Urolop?_
j Oxman, D. 1992{ Food habits, movements, and seasonal abundance of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 1-4 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Vertebrates, Mammals, harbor seal, Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, foraging, ecology, marine, prey abundance, species composition, diving Progress Report Preliminary analysis of scat from harbor seals indicate Dover sole (Microstomas pacificus), spotted cuskeel (Chilara taylori), plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) were dominant prey items in all seasons. Cephalopods were abundant during the winter and Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) and embiotocids were abundant in summer months.
Movement of tagged seals shows they are in Elkhorn Slough during the day and in the Monterey Bay at night. Duration of dives is shorter when in the slough than when in the bay.
Otter trawls were conducted monthly day and night to establish seasonal trends in prey abundance and distribution.
The harbor seal census showed a consistent monthly maximum count of 144-149 animals between Nov and march with numbers declining to 128 and 89 in April and May respectively. Harbor seal abundance increased back to 148 in June and peaked at 180 in July. V multiple copies (2) esf
?` j Oxman, Dion Seth 1995w Seasonal abundance, movements, and food habits of harbor seals (Phoca Vitulina Richardsi) in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-125 Department of Marine Sciences Moss Landing, CAL California State University, Stanislaus and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories harbor seal, California, Elkhorn Slough, Food, Behavior, Seasonal distribution, Vertebrates, Chordates, mammals, ecology, abundance, fish M.S. Thesis Harbor seals were counted at least twice per month at haul-out sites in Elkhorn Slough during 1991. Although there was no seasonal variation in abundance, numbers had increased three fold since 1984. Eight juvenile harbor seals (5 females and 3 males) were caught in Elkhorn Slough and fitted with radio transmitters to study movements and activity patterns. Radiotagged individuals were usually found resting ashore inside the slough during the day and diving in Monterey Bay during the nighttime. At night, tagged harbor seals moved as far north as Sunset Beach, but usually were found off Moss Landing. Dives in Monterey Bay were significantly greater in duration than those performed in Elkhorn Slough. Prey hard parts found in harbor seal feces collected from Elkhorn Slough indicated harbor seals consumed mostly benthic species, including octopus (Octopus sp.), spotted cusk-eel (Chilara taylori), and flatfishes, throughout the year. Rockfishes (Sebastes sp.), and other pelagic species were eaten when they became abundant during summer. There was no significant similarity in the species composition between seal diet and otter trawls conducted in Elkhorn Slough, indicating that seals fed mostly in the bay at night. V esf _ ?a
Pace, S.D. 1978 Distribution, abundance and rates of fecundity and growth of Acartia tonsa Dana and Acartia californiensis Trinast (Copepoda) in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-113! Department of Biological Sciences San Jose, CA; Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Crustacea, Copepoda, plankton, Elkhorn Slough, California, seasonal distribution, upper slough, lower slough comparison, Temperature, fecundity, mortality, growth rate, ecology M.A. Thesis The distribution and abundances of endemic populations of Acartia were studied from Sept 1974 - Sept 1976 in Elkhorn Slough. An approach which integrated estimates of laboratory rates of growth and fecundity with synoptic sampling in different water masses was used to investigate the seasonal changes in population distributions and abundances as affected by the factors of food availability and temperature. The objective of the study was to investigate the factors controlling seasonal cycles in distributions and abundances.
Seasonal cycles in distributions and abundances were similar during the two years of study. Species distribution patterns of the upper slough water mass were affected by characteristic seasonal changes in temperature, and were dominated for approximately 300 days of the year by endemic populations of Acartia californiensis. The lower slough water mass was affected by nearshore hydrographic processes, and was seasonally dominated by populations of Acartia tonsa and Acartia clausii. Abundances of both A. californiensis and A. tonsa may be affected by temperature through such population parameters as rates of growth, fecundity, and mortality. I sp esf ?b 3 Page, G.W.
Bidstrup, F.C.
Ramer, R.J.
Stenzel, L.E. 1986I Distribution of wintering snowy plovers in California and adjacent states 145-170
Western Birds 17 4 Charadriiformes, Birds, Ecology, Animal Distribution, Wildlife Management, Terrestrial, Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus, Conservation, sandy beach, dunes, snowy plover, ecology, population size The size of the snowy plover population in western North America (except Utah) at the end of the breeding season is estimated at approximately 13,500, including breeders and juvenals. Surveys of mainland coastal sites in California (including San Francisco Bay) and Oregon between November and February, 1979 to 1985, suggest that approximately 3100 plovers winter there. Most of the major concentrations were found from Bodega Harbor, Sonoma County, south. Up to 900 plovers may also winter in interior California, on the Channel Islands, and in other western states; this liberal estimate is based on surveys of a few interior areas, incidental sightings, and the summer-to-winter population ratio of the mainland coast applied to the islands. These findings suggest that the majority of the plovers west of the Rocky Mountains winter on the Gulf of California and the west coast of Baja California, where our surveys of a few sites, and two Christmas Bird Counts, turned up about 657 plovers. The most important sites in coastal California were spits and dune-backed beaches, particularly at river and creek mouths, although many areas of wide sand beach were used. There is some evidence of a decline in the size of the southern California wintering population since 1961. B esf ?c
4 Page, G.W.
Shuford, W.D.
Kjelmyr, J.E.
Stenzel, L.E. 1992h Shorebird numbers in wetlands of the Pacific flyway: A summary of counts from April 1988 to January 1992 Stinson Beach, CA Point Reyes Bird Observatory Vertebrates; Chordates; birds B not herel ?d & Page, G.W.
Stenzel, L.E.
Kjelmyr, J.E. 1999q Overview of shorebird abundance and distribution in wetlands of the Pacific Coast of the contiguous United States 461-471
The Condor 101 3 shorebirds, Calidris alpina, dunlin, Charadriiformes, Calidris mauri, western sandpiper, Birds, Animals, Wildlife Management, USA, Pacific Coast, Conservation, Ecology, Terrestrial, Breeding, Relative Abundance, Wetland Distribution, Elkhorn Slough, estuary, census, Charadrii0 We coordinated censuses from April 1988 to April 1995 to obtain an overview of shorebird abundance and distribution in Pacific Coast wetlands of the contiguous United States. We attempted to acquire at least 3 years of data for all major wetlands from counts within a short time window each fall, winter, and spring. Fourteen abundant, 8 moderately abundant, and 21 rare-to-uncommon species were recorded. For temperate-zone breeders, peak periods of abundance were fall or winter and, when discernible for arctic breeders, mostly fall or spring. Arctic breeders were relatively more abundant than temperate-zone breeders in Oregon and Washington wetlands. All five of the most abundant temperate breeders were limited primarily to California wetlands in all seasons. Only for Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) and Dunlin (C. alpina) did the estimated total individuals present simultaneously in all wetlands exceed 100,000. Fifty-six of 66 sites surveyed had at least four counts and at least 100 shorebirds on one or more counts; 38 of the 56 sites held at least 1% of 1 of 13 key species during at least one season. San Francisco Bay accounted for 24-96% of the estimated totals for key species; Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, Humboldt Bay, Tomales Bay, Point Reyes Esteros, Bolinas Lagoon, Elkhorn Slough, Morro Bay, Mugu Lagoon, Bolsa Chica, Mission Bay, and San Diego Bay held at least 1% of at least half the key species in at least one season. The usefulness of five criteria for selecting key wetlands for shorebird conservation are examined and potential threats are discussed. BE http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Page_etal_1999.pdf esf ?e
4 Page, G.W.
Stenzel, L.E.
Kjelmyr, J.E.
Shuford, W.D. 1990i Shorebird numbers in wetlands of the Pacific Flyway: A summary of spring and fall counts in 1988 and 1989 1-11 Stinson Beach, CA Point Reyes Bird Observatory Vertebrates, Chordates, birds B not here?f 2 Page, G.W.
Stenzel, L.E.
Shuford, W.D.
Bruce, C.R. 1991] Distribution and abundance of the Snowy Plover on its western North American breeding grounds 245-255 Journal of Field Ornithology 62 2 Charadriiformes, Birds, Ecology, Reproductive System, Distribution, Charadrius alexandrinus, Habitat Availability, Washington, California, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Idaho, Usa, Mexico, terrestrial, population size, Snowy Plovers, Charadrius alexandrinus, beach, dune State-wide surveys between 1977 and 1980 indicated up to 10,200 breeding Snowy Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) in Washington, California, Oregon and Nevada [USA]. Recent surveys of these states (and also Utah) in 1988 and 1989 provided further information on the species' distribution and abundance and showed a possible decline in numbers. In western North America, the Snowy Plover breeds at various sites on either side of the Great Basin; in the San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and Salton Sea regions of California; in Arizona and New Mexico; and along the Pacific Coast from southern Washington into Mexico. Along the United States coast plovers are most numerous from San Francisco Bay south. In 1988 and 1989, the breeding population size in Washington, Oregon, California, and Nevada was estimated to be about 7900 birds, and in Utah about 1700. Most plovers (about 7700) were at interior sites, some (about 1900) were coastal. The estimated population size in 1988-1989 for Washington, California, Oregon and Nevada was about 20% lower than for 1977-1980. Numbers have declined on the Oregon coast since 1979. Several interior sites also had fewer birds in 1988-1989. Often these declines were associated with changes in habitat availability. Since 1978 plover numbers in the San Joaquin Valley have increased sharply at newly constructed agricultural waste water ponds. No surveys have been made in Mexico, Idaho, Arizona, or New Mexico. B J Field Ornithol esf ?g $ Page, G.W.
Stenzel, L.E.
Wolfe, C.M. 1979G Aspects of the occurrence of shorebirds on a central California estuary 15-32! Shorebirds in Marine Environments 2 Pitleka, F.A.. Vertebrates, Chordates, birds B not here Studies in Avian Biology?h / Page, Gary W.
Stern, Mark A.
Paton, Peter W. C. 1995c Differences in wintering areas of snowy plovers from inland breeding sites in western North America 258-262
The Condor 97 1n Charadrius alexandrinus, Charadriiformes, birds, Climatology, Ecology, Reproductive System, Ecology, Migration BE http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Page_etal_1995.pdf ?i
6 Page, G.W.
Warriner, J.S.
Warriner, J.C.
Stenzel, L.E. 19978 Nesting success of snowy plovers on Monterey Bay in 1997 Stinson Beach, CA Point Reyes Bird Observatory Vertebrates; Chordates; birds B not here ?j
S. Palacios 2001F Monitoring of seagrass, marsh plants, and macroalgae in Elkhorn Slough 1-15P Elkhorn Slough Foundation and Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve) Elkhorn Slough, Algae, Plants, monitoring+ Elkhorn Slough Technical Report Series 2001
November 2001I summarizes past monitoring and makes recommendations for future programs. AD http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Palacios_2001.pdf 1 esf?k
Palacios, S.
Wasson, K. 2002t Summary of Christmas bird count shorebird monitoring 1976-2001 at Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve 1-9 ESNERR! Elkhorn Slough, birds, monitoring unpublished report July 2002 Data was analyzed from the Moss Landing count circle of the Christmas Bird count from 1976-2001, for those shorebird and waterfowl species also monitored by the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR) Volunteer Shorebird Monitoring Program. Some bird groups showed considerable variation in abundance over time, while others remained quite stable. Overall, there were few significant long-term trends: most groups are neither increasing or decreasing in this area over time. Species diversity has likewise remained very stable over time, ranging from 63-67 species of shorebirds and waterfowl per count for all years. B esf ?l Palacios, SL; Zimmerman, RC 2007 Response of eelgrass Zostera marina to CO2
enrichment: possible impacts of climate change
and potential for remediation of coastal habitats 12 Marine Ecology Progress Series 344G Eelgrass, Zostera, marina, Carbon dioxide, Climate change, Productivity August 23, 2007t Projected increases in dissolved aqueous concentrations
of carbon dioxide [CO2(aq)] may have significant
impacts on photosynthesis of CO2-limited organisms such as
seagrasses. Short-term CO2(aq) enrichment increases photosynthetic
rates and reduces light requirements for growth and
survival of individual eelgrass Zostera marina L. shoots growing
in the laboratory under artificial light regimes for at least
45 d. This study examined the effects of long-term CO2(aq)
enrichment on the performance of eelgrass growing under
natural light-replete (33% surface irradiance) and light-limited
(5% surface irradiance) conditions for a period of 1 yr. Eelgrass
shoots were grown at 4 CO2(aq) concentrations in outdoor
flow-through seawater aquaria bubbled with industrial flue
gas containing approximately 11% CO2. Enrichment with
CO2(aq) did not alter biomass-specific growth rates, leaf size,
or leaf sugar content of above-ground shoots in either light
treatment. CO2(aq) enrichment, however, led to significantly
higher reproductive output, below-ground biomass and vegetative
proliferation of new shoots in light-replete treatments.
This suggests that increasing the CO2 content of the atmosphere
and ocean surface will increase the area-specific productivity
of seagrass meadows. CO2(aq) enrichment did not
affect the performance of shoots grown under light limitation,
suggesting that the transition from carbon- to light-limited
growth followed Liebig’s Law. This study also demonstrated
that direct injection of industrial flue gas could significantly
increase eelgrass productivity; this might prove useful for
restoration efforts in degraded environments. The broader
effects of CO2(aq) enrichment on the function of natural
seagrass meadows, however, require further study before
deliberate CO2 injection could be considered as an engineering
solution to the problem of seagrass habitat degradation. C P pdf available at ESNERR 1-13 ?m F. Parker 1986/ Survey of the oniscid isopods of Elkhorn Slough. invertebrates; Elkhorn Slough; ecology; isopod I esf ?n j Parkin, J.L. 1998O Ecology of breeding Caspian Terns (Sterna caspia) in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-101 Department of Biology San Jose, CA> Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and San Jose State University pesticides, DDT, reproduction, Vertebrates, Chordates, birds, Caspian Tern, pollution, toxicology, ecology, terresterial, coastal, fledging, clutch size M.S. Thesis Breeding Caspian Terns were studied from 1992 through 1995 at Elkhorn Slough and 1996 at the Salinas River. Mean clutch size was 1.7 (SE=0.01, n=3) for years 1994 through 1996, with greatest fledging success (79.4%) in 1994. Activity patterns indicated signifiant differences among chich age groups during 1994 and 1995. Caspian Terns mainly consumed shiner surfperch, northern anchovy/silversides, crayfish, and Pacific staghorn sculpin. During 1995, this colony suffered extensive reproductive failure following a major flood event in the region. Fledging success decreased to 19.4% in 1995 and 0% in 1996. Concentrations of DDE in eggs increased from a mean 3.06 ppm (n=2) in 1994 to a mean of 6.98 ppm (n=24) in 1995. Organochlorine contaminant concentrations in eggs were correlated negatively with eggshell thickness in 1995 and 1996. It appears that the increase in organochlorine contaminant residues adversely affeced the reproductive capacity of this colony of breeding terns. B esf $ ?o
E Parmelee, R. A.
Penzien, J.
Scheffey, C. F.
Seed, H. B.
Thiers, G. R. 1964W Seismic effects on structures supported on piles extending through deep sensitive clays 1-182 Berkeley, CA; Institute of Engineering Research, University of Californiaw Seismic waves; Bridges; Supports; Clay; Structures; Foundations(Structures); Damping; Creep; Soil mechanics; California Aug 1964x A general method of determining the dynamic response to seismic disturbances of structures when supported on long piles extending through deep sensitive clays is presented. This method accounts for the interaction effects between the superstructure and its pile foundations and the interaction effects between the pile foundations and their surrounding clay media. The method is applied to a specific bridge structure presently being designed by the California State Division of Highways which is to be erected at the Elkhorn Slough site. An extensive soil testing program was conducted using undisturbed clay samples taken from the Elkhorn Slough site; the results of this program are reported. The testing techniques used to determine the non-linear hysteretic stress-strain relations, the damping characteristics, and the creep characteristics of the clay are described in considerable detail. The dynamic response of the specific bridge-pile-clay system, when subjected to the N-S component of the 1940 El Centro ground acceleration, is presented in graphical form and its significance with respect to design questions is analyzed. (Author) G not here SESM642 ?p
Parravano, A. 2004l Elkhorn Slough Tidal Wetland Study: Assessment of Pickleweed Cover, Biomass, Soil Salinity, and Soil Texture Wetland Research AssociatesE http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Parravano_2004.pdf ?q Patch, D.
Jones, T. 1984W Paleoenvironmental change at Elkhorn Slough: implications for human adaptive strategies 19-342 Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 6# Elkhorn Slough; Archaeological Data M v?r Patch, D.A. 1979R The paleoecology of Elkhorn Slough, California: Implications for human subsistence 1-242 Department of Anthropology Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz ethnology, archaeology, anthropology, climate changes, ecosytems, subsistence strategy, foraging, Elkhorn SLough, humans, plants, invertebrates, terrestrial
Senior Thesis
This thesis touched on a number of relevant aspects of evaluating aboriginal lifeways; or seeking an understanding of lost worlds. Only scattered bits of information about Ohlone lifestyle -- bits of mythology, verse, and ideology -- have survived the barage of changes brought on by Europeans. What little else we know ethnographically creates something of a framework by which to interpret archaeological information, and ecological surroundings as they may have affected the aboriginal lifestyle. It should be noted here that dates derived from archaeological sites in the Elkhorn Slough area (ca. AD300 for Ca-Mnt-698; ca. 3000BC for Ca-Mnt-414) predate the linguistically evidenced infiltration of the Ohlone into this area. However, the desert side-notched point found at Mnt-415 which was attributed with a date of around AD 1765, as well as documentation of the early Spaniards attest to Ohlone inhabitation of the same area during later times. Thus the Ohlone provide a model for a subsistence strategy which must have been used, in much the same manner, by their predecessors. In any case, utilization of shellfish as a food resource, probably supplementing an acorn-based diet, is part of a very long-lived subsistence adaptation in this area.
Understanding ecological surroundings, and fluctuations in environmental regimes, presents a template for viewing former subsistence strategies. The present area ecology, geological history, and general trends in the ecological habitat can illustrate what resources were available for human subsistence utilization. People, then, have been viewed as a part of the ecological community. By looking at their remains in an archaeological capacity, we have examined the possibility of past fluctuations in local ecology -- specifically, changes in the hydrographic and habitat regimes of Elkhorn Slough -- and evaluated probable effects on local peoples. Although fluctuations in the ecology of Elkhorn Slough may have caused disturbance in the local population equilibrium of the people, no population upset could have been so drastic as that imposed on the natives by the Spanish, and later climaxed by the Anglo-Americans.
Although, in many respects, this thesis has asked more questions than it has answered, an effort has been directed at shedding some light on one aspect of the lost Ohlone world -- subsistence strategy and how it was applied to changing ecosystems. The Ohlone of the Calendarruc tribelet, and others who may have utilized the resources of Elkhorn Slough, were somewhat buffered from the change in ecological regimes by the wealth of their overall environment, and by the fluidity of the resource utilization pattern. Had shellfish been a year-round "staple" in the diet, consequences may have been far more extreme. M esf ?s : Paull, C.K.
Ussler, W.
Mitts, P.J.
Caress, D.W.
West, G.J. 2006] Discordant 14C-stratigraphies in upper Monterey Canyon: A signal of anthropogenic disturbance 21-36 Marine Geology 233 ?t
Peak, A., 1976a Cultural resource assessment of the proposed Moss Landing wastewater treatment system, California Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State University wastewater; pollutants Report M not here ?u
Peak, A. 1979f Archaeological test excavations of California-Mnt-228 and California-Mnt 229, Moss Landing, California Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State University Archaeological Data Report M )?v
Pelgren, D.E. 1951H Preliminary estimate of the effects of waste discharge on Elkhorn Slough 15! California Fish and Game Bulletin 519 water; human impacts; Human Activity; discharge; effluent M not here@ couldn't find this article in volume 51 or volume from year 1951 ?w
Pendlebury, R.
Wall, B. 2001N Influence of tidal channels on salt marsh vegetation: Central Coast California Elkhorn SloughK http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Pendlebury_Wall_2001.pdf ?x
PG&E 1963* Drift pole study, Moss Landing Power Plant 1-6 Pacific Gas and Electric Companyk Moss Landing, PG&E, Elkhorn Slough, pollution, environmental impact, drift study, human impact, power plant) Department of Enginerring Research Report This investigation was undertaken to measure sea water currents in the area of the proposed cooling water discharge for Moss Landing Power Plant Units 5 and 6 in order that the possibility of cooling water recirculation might be evaluated. On the basis of these studies, it is concluded that some recirculation might occur at the time of high tide following a strong flooding current, but the total amount of recirculation over an extended period of time will probably be very small. W No. 4222-63 esf ?y
PG&E 1969 Summary of ecological studies and agreements between California Resources Agency and Pacific Gas and Electric Co. for thermal power plants 1-31, power plants; pg & e; ecology; human impacts M not herer?z
PG&E 1971e Zooplankton survival study, Moss Landing power plant, Moss Landing, California, April 16 and 20, 1971 1-8 San Francisco, CA.D Department of Engineering Research, Pacific Gas and Electric CompanyN Marine zooplankton, California, Moss Landing, Invertebrates, Thermal pollution Report M, I not here $want abstract
No. 7598.1-71 $ ?{
PG&E 1973~ An evaluation of the effect of cooling water discharges on the beneficial uses of receiving waters at Moss Landing Power Plant San Francisco, CA Pacific Gas and Electric Company Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing Harbor, Monterey Bay, water quality, thermal pollution, human impact, power plant, resource management Reportp This report on thermal waste discharge from Moss Landing Power Plant describes PG&E company operations at that facility and presents the results of studies designed to determine compliance with the objectives of the State Termal Plan. The results of field investigations in the vicinity of the discharges from Moss Landing Power Plant have demonstrated that:
1) Units 6-7 discharge into Monterey produces no deleterious effect in these receiving ocean waters and is therefore in full compliance with the objectives of the Thermal Plan. In addition, monitoring have shown no significant changes in water quality which might have resulted from the operation of the power plant.
2) Units 1-5 discharge into Elkhorn Slough is not in compliance with the specific objectives of the Thermal Plan for estuaries. Specific and separate objectives for a coastal lagoon have not been adopted. M not here7 Only have a copy of the TOC and summary and conclusions esf ?|
PG&E 1973C Moss Landing Power Plant fuel oil storage environmental information 1-46 CA Pacific Gas and Electric Companyd Moss Landing, Power Plant, Petroleum, fuel, Storage, Environmental aspects, California, Moss Landing Environmental Report M not here ?}
PG&E 1979S Moss Landing power plant operation of fuel oil transfer facilities operating manual power plants; Human Activity M not here ?~
PG&E 1983, Moss Landing Power Plant and Marine Terminal 1-274 Moss Landing, CA Pacific Gas and Electric CompanyN Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, marine, coastal, oil spill, environmental impact Oil Spill Contingency Plan This contingency plan is organized to provide the user with a logical format for conducting a response to an oil spill.
Section 100 gives PG&E policy regarding oil spills and lists the scope and format of the plan.
Section 200 describes PG&E's oil spill response organization, assigns specific spill response duties to specified PG&E personnel, and provides procedures for notifying government agencies of a spill occurrance.
Section 300 provides detailed instructions and procedures for responding to oil spills in Monterey Bay.
Section 400 lists site-specific information and response actions for the shoreline of Monterey Bay.
Section 500 contains information on government agencies, oil spill equipment resources, oil disposal practices and training. M esf ?
9 Philip Williams & Associates,
Moffatt & Nichol Engineers, 1992- Elkhorn Slough tidal hydraulics erosion study 1-129 San Francisco, CA- Prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineersr Elkhorn Slough, estuarine, geology, hydrology, resource management, mitigation, erosion, human impact, restoration Report: The purpose of this present study is to determine if the Corps' Moss Landing Harbor Navigation Project has caused, or is causing, any erosion of the vegetated marshlands in Elkhorn Slough. The study will also examine other possible causes that may have led to the current erosion condition at Elkhorn Slough. Lastly, the study will evaluate and recommend solutions to the current erosion problems that exist at Elkhorn Slough.
Conclusions:
1) The pre-1946 slough system had undergone significant alterations from a pristine condition. The most important of these were the 1910 diversionof the Salinas River and the diking and draining of various wetland areas. These changes have resulted in large scale subsidence of several feet; subsidence in the South Marsh/Parson's slough area was especially important.
2) The 1946 opening of the new harbor entrance and maintenance of the dredged entrance channel allowed for full tidal exchange. The resulting higher tidal velocities initiated rapid eronsion in the downstream reaches of Elkhorn Slough. A maximum degradation of about 15 vertical feet has occurred and currently the channel is actively widening in response to the increased channel depths. To date, an estimated 1.2 milion cy of material have been eroded from the system. It appears that the channel and bank erosion is preceeding upstream and over time, more active erosion in the upper slough reaches may occur.
3) The levee breaches of 1983-84 significantly increased the tidal prism to downstream reaches. It is estimated that the breaches are responsible for a depth increase of about 3 feet and an increase in channel cross-section of about 33% in the reaches below the Parson's Slough/Elkhorn Slough junction.
4) A sill across the channel at the Highway 1 bridge can be designed to reduce tidal circulation and associated erosion. A sill across the Parson's Slough at the SPRR bridge in the Reserve also appears desirable.
5) The geomorphic response of the system to these structures will be gradual. Erosion will continue to occur until the sough invert is raised by subsequent deposition. W esf"?
Phillips, P.T. 1988> California State Mussel Watch: Ten year data summary 1977-1987 1-365 Sacramento, CA# State Water Resources Control Board Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution, aquatic toxicology, Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, Salinas River, Pajaro River Water Quality Monitoring Report This report summarizes the results of the California State Mussel Watch (SMW) program rom 1977-1987. The SMW program monitors long-term trends in pollutant concentrations in marine organisms, identifies locations where higher than expected concentrations of pollutants exist, and provides the evidence needed to initiate follow-up studies and actions to detect, correct, and clean-up sources of pollutions.
The report is organized as follows:
1) standards, criteria, and comparisons that are used to evaluate SMW results are listed in Tables 1-11 on pages 3-12.
2) trace metal results are listed in Tables 12 and 13 on pages 13-94
3) trace metal results that exceed standards, criteria, and comparison data are listed in Tables 14 and 15 on pages 95-140.
4) synthetic organic chemical results are listed in Tables 16 and 17 on pages 141-272.
5) organic results that exceed standards, criteria, and comparison data are listed in Tables 18, 19, and 20 on pages 273-313.
6) field and laboratory procedures used by the SMW program are detailed in Appendix A.
7) Station location information is listed in Appendix B.
8) Maps showing the SMW station locations are contained in Appendix C. I No. 87-3 esf ? 7 Phillips, R.E.
Gutoff, D.I.
Hansen, J.E.
Hardwick, J.E. 1986 Distribution of major marine macrophytes, seasonal estimates of Gracilaria standing crop, and spawning activities of the Pacific Herring, Clupea harengus pallasii, in Elkhorn Slough, California; 1979-1982 232-243 California Fish and Game 72 4 Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing Harbor, Vertebrates, Chordates, fishes, Pacific Herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, eelgrass, Zostera marina, red algae, Gracilaria, reproduction, estuary, marine, reproduction, animal, plant, ecology Marine vegetation surveys and Pacific herring spawn assessments were carried out in Moss Landing Harbor and Elkhorn Slough, California for three consecutive herring spawning seasons (1979-80 to 1981-82). The red alga Gracilaria sp. and the marine vascular plant Zostera marina (eelgrass) are the major macrophyte substrate available for herring spawn deposition. Gracilaria standing crops varied considerably among years and locations within the study area. The standing crop of Gracilaria in Elkhorn Slough was physically reduced each winter by storm runoff and strong tidal currents. Biomass estimates of spawning herring were calculated from each season's egg depoits. During the 1979-80 season, an estimated 0.4 short ton of herring spawned on Gracilaria. Biomass estimates of spawning herring for the 1980-81 and 1981-82 seasons were based on all plant substrata and were 0.1 and 0.6 short tons respectively. The density of herring spawn deposition observed in Moss Landing Harbor and Elkhorn Slough was consistently very light (<=0.25 egg layers). P, F multiple copies (2) esf F? Pilling, A. 1955Q Relationships of prehistoric culture among the Indians of Coastal Monterey County& Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers 12 Archaeological Data; indians H not here?
. Pillsbury, N. H.
Bonner, L. E.
Thompson, R. P. 1998@ Coast Live Oak thinning study in the central coast of California San Luis Obispo' California Polytechnic State University! trees; oaks; thinning; management January 1998 P esf?
H Pillsbury, N. H.
Bonner, L. E.
Thompson, R. P.
Mark, W. R.
Cuzick, R. D. 2004 Long-term growth, sudden oak death assessment and economic viability of coast live oak in three California counties: seventeen year results 54 p. San Luis Obispo' California Polytechnic State UniversityJ plants, sudden oak death, terrestrial, Elkhorn Slough, monitoring, ecology June 2004 P 2 copies (hardcopy and CD) esf?
Pine, D.S. 1968+ Water bird counts at Elkhorn Slough 1967-68 1-24& California Department of Fish and Game Elkhorn Slough, Vertebrates, birds, shorebirds, water birds, marine, estuary, mudflats, ecology, distribution, abundance, baseline characterization Report Water bird counts were made at Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California, monthly from Jan 12, 1967 to June 15, 1967; and twice monthly from July 5, 1967 to June 26, 1968. Counts were made at eight stations. A total of 89 species of water-associated birds were identified. The most numerous species was the northern phalarope with brown pelican and American coot in decreasing abundance. Highest total count was made October 11, 1967 (21,160) and lowest count May 18, 1967 (1,132). B esf ?
B. T. Pittman 19959 Upland Conservation Tactics for Protecting Elkhorn Slough 1-49 San Jose San Jose State University. Elkhorn Slough; conservation; Estuaries; marsh report April 21, 1995 M esf ? Pratt, H.M. 1970M Breeding biology of Great Blue Herons and Common Egrets in central California 407-416
The Condor 72 birds, Great Blue Herons, Common Egrets, reproduction, breeding, nesting, ecology, terrestrial, Marin county, clutch size, fledgling Nesting success of Great Blue Herons and Common Egrets was determined for 1967 and 1968 at Audubon Canyon Ranch in California. Fifty breeding pairs of Great Blue Herons estimated to be in residence in 1967 raised 1.5 young per pair. In 1968, 62 estimated breeding pairs raised 1.7 young per pair. Adverse weather in 1967 was held responsible for reduced nesting success. Nesting mortality was 45% in 1967 and 30% in 1968. Greatest loss was between three and four weeks of age.
On heron nests studied in detail in 1968, the incubation period ranged from 25 to 29 days. The heron incubated a full clutch an average of 54 min/hr and brooded the chicks decreasing amounts for the first week.
Heron nests studied in detail in 1968, the incubation period ranged from 25 to 29 days. The herons incubated a full clutch an average of 54 min/hr and brooded the chicks decreasing amounts for the first week.
Heron nests were never seen unattended during incubation and for three weeks after hatching. Nestlings were left alone except for feeding after they were 28 days old.
During incubation adult herons relieved each other on the nest about one in the daylight hours. After hatching, nest relief occurred from 2-5 times.
Heron nestlings of all ages were fed by regurgitation into the nest. Feedings occurred six and ten times per day on two nests in the first week, then decreased to about four times a day until the fledgling period. Fledglings were fed twice daily.
Fledglings heron took their first long flight at about 60 days and abandoned the nest permanently between 64 and 91 days of age.
Seventy breeding pairs of egrets were estimated for 1967 and they raised about 1.4 young per pair. In 1968, 74 breeding pairs were estimated, and they raised about 1.1 per pair. Diminished success in 1968 was due to nestling loss but the reasons for this were unknown. Nestling mortality was 19 % in 1967 and 43% in 1968. Greatest loss occurred between two and three weeks of age. BA http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Pratt_1970.pdf esf ? Pratt, H.M. 1973/ Breeding attempts by juvenile Great Blue Herons 897-899 Auk 908 birds, nesting, juvenile, reproduction, great blue heron This "General Note" reports the first observation of two nesting attempts by Great Blue Herons in juvenile plumage. The observations were made during a 6-year study at the heronry at Audubon Canyon Ranch in central California. B esf? Pratt, H.M. 19772 Great Blue Herons interrupt nest-guarding to drink 501-502
The Condor 79O birds, bolinas lagoon, reproduction, nestling, incubation, terrestrial, ecology A "Short Communication" to report that some herons left eggs and chicks less than three weeks old un attended for short periods in order to drink during unusually hot weather. BA http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Pratt_1997.pdf esf r? Pratt, H.M. 1980 Directions and timing of Great Blue Heron foraging flights from a California colony: Implications for social facilitation of food finding 489-496 Wilson Bulletin 92 4b birds, terrestrial, foraging, Great Blue Herons, estuary, reproduction, nesting, behavior, ecology/ Directions and timing of foraging flights of adult Great Blue Herons did not indicate that they followed each other from the colony to feeding grounds. Some herons apparently went directly to predetermined feeding areas, while others joined aggregations in the adjacent estuary. Herons on less than half of the departures went to the estuary. The majority appeared to be flying to other more distant feeding grounds. Herons incubating or attending small young left promptly, whereas herons at nests with older, unattended young tended to linger in the colony. B esf ? Pratt, H.M. 19831 Marin County California heron colonies: 1967-1981 169-184
Western Birds 14 4f Marin county, birds, terrestrial, ecology, breeding population size, wildlife management, reproduction This paper presents data on the location, population level, and history of 11 heron colonies know to have been occupied between 1967 and 1981 in Marin County, California. Its purpose is to provide a baseline for future comparisons by indicating current and past status. The species nesting in Marin County include the Great Blue heron (Ardea herodias), Great Egret (Casmerodius albus), Snowy Egret (Egretta thula), and Black-crowned Night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax).
The colonies are:
1) Audubon Canyon Ranch
2) Da Silva Island
3) Home Bay
4) Inverness Park
5) Nick's Cove
6) North San Pedro Road
7) Olema
8) Sand Point
9) Schooner Bay
10) Stafford Lake
11) West Marine Island B esf a? Pratt, H.M.
D.W. Winkler 1985i Clutch size, timing of laying, and reproductive success in a colony of Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets 49-63 Auk 102 1 Vertebrates, Chordates, birds, Ecology, Reproductive System, Toxicology, Field Methods, Pesticides, Ddt, Fledging Success, Ardea herodias, Casmerodius albus, terrestrialS During a 13-yr period mean great blue heron (A. herodias) clutch size at a central California colony ranged between 2.72-3.35 eggs, with an overall mean of 3.16. Mean great egret (C. albus) clutch size ranged from 2.70-3.07 eggs, with an overall mean of 2.87. Annual differences in clutch size were weakly significant in both species, and clutch size in both species declined slightly with relative as well as absolute time of breeding. The overall mean number of fledglings produced from heron nests was 1.45, with annual means ranging from 0.89-2.38. Year, clutch size and relative time of breeding had significant effects on heron fledging success. The mean number of fledged egrets/nest was 0.90, ranging from 0.03-2.04 annually; only annual differences accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in fledging success. In both species, the most frequent clutch size was 3 but the most productive size was 4. Overall, 46.8% of the heron eggs and 33.0% of the egret eggs fledged young. The herons nested in smaller numbers and earlier than the egrets. Annual variability in colony mean clutch-initiation dates was less for herons than for the egrets. Egret clutch and brood sizes were smaller before the 1972 ban on DDT and related chemicals than after. Laying dates before and after the ban did not differ significantly. A similar comparison for the herons showed no significant differences associated with the ban on DDT. The herons lost more young to starvation than to predation, and the egrets displayed the opposite trend. Mortality of the young was greatest for the herons in the 2nd wk of life and greatest for the egrets in the third; survival for both species was high after 5 wk. Except for a drop in the number of breeding pairs of egrets after 1 yr of heavy predation, fluctuations in population levels were not correlated with reproductive biology. B esf?? L Prest, H.F.
Jarman, W.M.
Burns, S.A.
Weismuller, T.
Martin, M.
Huckins, J.N. 1992 Passive water sampling via semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDS) in concert with bivalves in the Sacramento/San Joaquin River delta 1811-1823 Chemosphere 25 12 Sacramento River, San Joaqin river, clams, invertebrates, biomonitoring, water quality, pollution, aquatic toxicology, chemistry Freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea) and the Huckins et al. semi-permeable membrane sampling device (SPMD) were simultaneously deployed at three sites on the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers in 1990. Both clams and the SPMDs were analyzed for sequestered pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD). Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and non-ortho PCBs were quantified by high resolution mass spectrometry (MS). In general, levels of organochlorine compounds were approximately 1.6 times higher in clams on a wet weight basis than in the SPMDs, and trends in accumulation were similar except where biofouling of the SPMD membranes decreased uptake rates. Comparisons between the normalized, average levels of PCDDs accumulated showed that while octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) was most prevalent in both clams and SPMDs, much higher levels of 2,3,7,8 TCDD were found in the SPMDs than in the clams; 2,3,7,8 TCDD was 32% of the profile relative to the OCDD level for the SPMDs and <1% of the clam OCDD levels. PCB levels showed the clams primarily accumulated hexachlorinated PCBs while the pentachlorinated and tetrachlorinated congeners were higher in the SPMDs. Differences in profiles for homologous series among the PCBs reveal that some congeners, especially those with 2,4,5 substitutions, are more likely to bioaccumulate than those with lower chlorination of adjacent unsubstituted sites. GC/MS chromatographs indicate the SPMDs also sequestered several polyaromatic hydrocarbons. GC/ECD chromatograms indicate the presence of several unidentified, early eluting compounds in the SPMDs. C, I esf ?
Price, H.J. 1992p Water resources management in the Salinas River basin. Volume 1: Water rights, laws, conflicts and organizations 1-208 Salinas, CA& Monterey County Water Resources Agency^ Salinas River, water resources, fresh water, fluvial, policy, resource management, regulations Report This report contains the following information:
1) Study Area Background: including location adn physical setting; climate; environment and ecology; socioeconomic setting; government; history of water resources
2) Review of Water Rights, Laws and Water Resources Conflicts: Water rights; federal laws and regulations; state laws and regulations; local policies and ordinances; powers of Monterey County water resources agency; local water resources conflicts and controversies
3) Survey of Organizations Affecting Water Resources Management: federal; state; regional and county; cities; public/private; summary of survey results; recommendations W, M esf ?
Price, H.J. 1992\ Water Resources Management in the Salinas River Basin. Volume 2: Review of Studies and Plans 1-220 Salinas, CA& Monterey County Water Resources Agency Salinas River, water resources, fresh water, fluvial, policy, resource management, regulations, hydrology, geology, seawater intrusion, water quality, dams, resevoirs, river, creeks, wetlands, conseration, land use3 Salinas River Basin Water Resources Management Plan Monterey County Water Resources Agency (MCWRA) is developing a Salinas River Basin Water Resources Management Plan. This plan must take into account the large number of previously conducted studies and plans on water resources in the Basin. The purpose of this volume under Task 2.02 is to identify, summarize and provide updates on these previously conducted studies and plans.
There are approximately 250 local studies and plans which are relevant to water resources in the Basin and they have been conducted by a wide variety of organizations and consultants. It is very difficult for individuals involved research and planning to be familiar with all of these studies, particularly when they have been conducted by other groups. Also, because of turnover in staff and Board positions, results and recommendations from previously conducted studies which may be relevant to the Basin Management Plan may be forgotten. This document is intended to serve as a guide and ongoing reference to previously conducted work.
Knowledge of existing plans is also required to make the Basin Management Plan compatible with ongoing programs. However, the large number of studies and plans makes it difficult to keep track of the status of their recommendations. This document can be used to determine whether various recommendations have been implemented, and can be used to establish an ongoing program for tracking and updating their fate. W, M Task 2.02 esf 5?
Prickett, J. 1971U Levels and sites of concentration of trace metals in nearshore fishes of Monterey Bay 1-32 Pacific Grove, CA+ Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University Elkhorn Slough, Pajaro River, Kirby Park, Moss Landing Harbor, Monterey Bay, California, Fish, inshore fishes, trace metals, contaminants, pollutants, aquatic toxicology, chemistry, shiner perch, Cymatogaster aggregata, leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata, top smelt, Atherinops affinis, starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, striped bass, Roccus saxatilis, cadmium, lead, silver, copper, chromium, manganese, zinc Report The sites of concentration of the trace metals cadmium, lead, silver, copper, chromium, manganese, and zinc were determined for five species of inshore marine fishes. Generally, zinc and lead accumulate in the gills; copper, cadmium, and zinc accumulate in liver; and silver, zinc, manganese, chromium and cadmium concentrate in bone. Flesh doesn't noticeably concentrate any of these elements. Concentration levels with regard to trophic levels were also examined, and it was found that manganese in the liver, and zinc in flesh and bone decrease in concentration with increasing trophic level. Cadmium in the liver may show a direct relationship of concentration with higher trophic levels. C, M esf7? Pritchard, P.C. 1993* Undiscovered diamonds for the crown jewels 3-6 Oceanus 36 3M marine, United States, conservation, marine protected area, natural resourcesp Discusses the value of the National Marine Sanctuary Program and the National Estuarine Research Reserve System. R esf ? Ramer, B.A. 1985R Seasonal abundance, habitat use, and diet of selected shorebirds in Elkhorn Slough 1-96! Department of Biological Sciences Hayward, CAH Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and California State University Hayward/ Elkhorn Slough, Invertebrates, mudflats, salt marsh, salt ponds, Calidris mauri, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus, Limosa fedoa, stomach pumping, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalves, Arthropoda, Crustacea, Annelida, Polychaeta, Protozoa, Foraminifera, crabs, insects, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, ecology, foraging M.S. Thesis The seasonal abundance and habitat utilization of shorebirds in Elkhorn Slough were examined from November 1977 through February 1980. The major habitats (salt ponds, salt marsh, and tidal flats) available to shorebirds were described. In addition, the feeding habits of the Western Sandpiper (Calidria mauri), Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus), and the Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa) were studied. Stomach-pumping of Western Sandpipers was evaluated to determine if this technique represented the total stomach content.
Censuses revealed that eleven species of shorebirds were common in Elkhorn Slough. These species were the Least Sandpiper, Western Sandpiper, Dunlin, Sanderling, Short-billed Dowitcher, Long-billed Dowitcher, Black-bellied Plover, Willet, Marbled Godwit, American Avocet, and Long-billed Curlew. The Western Sandpiper accounted for over 78% of the numerical abundance of shorebirds. Marbled Godwits and Western Sandpipers accounted for over 59% of the total biomass of all shorebirds.
The tidal flats served as the primary foraging areas, and all species fed the most on exposed tidal flats as opposed to the water's edge and water microhabitat. The salt ponds and salt marsh were used primarily as high tide roosts.The major prey items in the Western Sandpiper's diet were amphipods, polychaetes, bivalves, copepods, ostracodes, and foraminifera, although insects were seasonally important. The crab Hemigrapsis oregonensis was the most important prey item of the Willet. Marbled Godwits fed on a variety of prey which included polychaetes, bivalves, and decapods. Samples of stomach-pumped Western Sandpipers were representative of prey types in the total stomach and this procedure should be explored further. B esf4 ?
Ramer, B.A. 1989W Results of the shorebird census of Monterey Bay and nearby coastal sites: 22 April 1989 1-6 Stinson Beach, California Point Reyes Bird Observatorys Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, birds, shorebirds, marine, estuary, sandy beach, ecology, monitoring, population size Report The spring count of 13,082 shorebirds (representing 25 species) was 35% of the previous fall count of 37,412 individuals (30 species). However, much of this difference was due to the relatively low numbers of Western Sandpipers (4,593 versus 18,363). Of species that were present in both the fall and spring censuses, only the Semipalmated Plover and the Dunlin were seen in higher numbers this spring.
Although Elkhorn Slough attracts large concentrations of shorebirds (66% of the spring total and 83% of the fall total), the sandy coastal beaches provide essential habitat for several species. In particular, Sanderling, Willets, Marbled Godwits, Snowy Plover, Whimbrels, and Ruddy Turnstones were more numerous on the outer coastal beaches than they were in Elkhorn Slough.
On future censuses, we hope to recruit more volunteers so we can better survey the habitats away from the Elkhorn Slough ecosystem and better understand the distribution of shorebirds throughout the entire Monterey Bay area. B esf
?
Ramer, B.A. 1990+ Monterey Bay shorebird census: August, 1989 1-14 Stinson Beach, CA Point Reyes Bird Observatory Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, birds, shorebirds, marine, estuary, sandy beach, ecology, monitoring, population size, seasonalilty Report The Monterey Bay shorebird counts show the importance of this area to shorebirds. For example, Elkhorn Slough is important to many species, especially the Western and Least sandpipers, Dunlin, dowitcher species, and the Black-bellied Plover. The Outer Beaches provide essential habitats to Sanderling, Willets, and Marbled Godwits.
This year's fall count of 25,639 shorebirds (representing 28 species) was about 64% of last year's fall count of 37,412 individuals (30 species). However, 93% of this difference was due to the comparatively low numbers of Western Sandpipers (7,715 versus 18,697). Because of this variability, the percent composition of the Western and Least Sandpipers differed between the two fall censuses. In the fall 1989 census, Least Sandpipers accounted for 35% of the species seen and Western Sandpipers for 30%. In contrast, on the fall 1988 census, Western Sandpipers accounted for 56% of the species seen and Least Sandpipers for 19%. Except for this difference, the percent composition of the next five most abundant species was similar between the two censuses as Sanderling accounted for 95 of the total in 1989 and 8%i n 1988; marbled godwit, 8% and 6&; willet, 7% and 5%; dowitcher species, 4% and 6%, and blackbellied plover, 2% and 1%. Differences in total numbers of shorebirds on these three censuses are due in part to timing of the censuses in relation to the yearly migration and fluctuations in numbers.
Although Elkhorn Slough and Monterey Bay provide important habitat for shorebirds along the Pacific Flyway, our censuses have shown that the way in which individual species use this area varies over time. For example, while only 7,715 Western Sandpipers were present in Elkhorn Slough on 19 august 1989. 14,425 Western Sandpipers were seen in the MLWMA on Sept 1989 (as compared to the 18,697 Western Sandpipers seen in Elkhorn Slough on 11 Sept 1988). Similarly, no Dunlin were reported on the 19 August 1989 census in Elkhorn Slough and only 7 were seen on 11 Sept 1988. These low numbers contrast with high counts of 6,672 in Nov, 1979; and counts of 14,167 on 1 Jan 1981; 7,986 on 1 Jan 1988; 7,790 on 1 Jan 1989; and 11,104 on 1 Jan 1990.
To better understanding how shorebirds use this area in the winter, we are planning to conduct future censuses during this time of the year. Then, combining these results with the information that we have gained fromt he fall and spring migration censuses should give a better picture of shorebird use of the Monterey Bay area. B esfB?
Ramer, B.A. 1990* Monterey Bay shorebird census: April, 1990 1-2 Stinson Beach, CA Point Reyes Bird Observatory Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, birds, shorebirds, marine, estuary, sandy beach, ecology, monitoring, population size, seasonalilty Report This short report provides data on shorebird numbers on the April 1990 Monterey Bay census for each of the major areas: Elkhorn Slough, outer coastal beaches, lagoons and river mouths, and nearby beaches to the north. A total of 23,573 individual were counted (represented by 23 species) B esf J?
Ramer, B.A. 1990. Monterey Bay shorebird census: September, 1990 1-2 Stinson Beach, CA Point Reyes Bird Observatory Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, birds, shorebirds, marine, estuary, sandy beach, ecology, monitoring, population size, seasonalilty Report$ This short report provides data on shorebird numbers on the September 1990 Monterey Bay census for each of the major areas: Elkhorn Slough, outer coastal beaches, lagoons and river mouths, and nearby beaches to the north. A total of 39,908 individual were counted (represented by 31 species) B esf C?
Ramer, B.A. 1991+ Monterey Bay shorebird census: August, 1991 1-3 Stinson Beach, CA Point Reyes Bird Observatory Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, birds, shorebirds, marine, estuary, sandy beach, ecology, monitoring, population size, seasonalilty Report This short report provides data on shorebird numbers on the August 1991 Monterey Bay census for each of the major areas: Elkhorn Slough, outer coastal beaches, lagoons and river mouths, and Waddell Beach to the north. A total of 25,985 individual were counted (represented by 27 species) B esf B?
Ramer, B.A. 1992* Monterey Bay shorebird census: April, 1992 1-3 Stinson Beach, CA Point Reyes Bird Observatory Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, birds, shorebirds, marine, estuary, sandy beach, ecology, monitoring, population size, seasonalilty Report This short report provides data on shorebird numbers on the April 1992 Monterey Bay census for each of the major areas: Elkhorn Slough, outer coastal beaches, lagoons and river mouths, and beaches north of Santa Cruz. A total of 13,260 individual were counted (represented by 25 species) B esf ?
Ramer, B.A. 1992- Monterey Bay shorebird census: December, 1992 1-4 Stinson Beach, CA Point Reyes Bird Observatory Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, birds, shorebirds, marine, estuary, sandy beach, ecology, monitoring, population size, seasonalilty Report This short report provides data on shorebird numbers on the December 1992 Monterey Bay census for each of the major areas: Elkhorn Slough, outer coastal beaches, lagoons and river mouths, and beaches north of Santa Cruz. A total of 40,123 individual were counted (represented by 23 species). The report also compares total numbers of shorebirds seen on the winter Monterey Bay censuses from 1989 to 1992. B esf ?
Ramer, B.A. 1993* Monterey Bay shorebird census: April, 1993 1-4 Stinson Beach, CA Point Reyes Bird Observatory Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, birds, shorebirds, marine, estuary, sandy beach, ecology, monitoring, population size, seasonalilty Report This short report provides data on shorebird numbers on the April 1993 Monterey Bay census for each of the major areas: Elkhorn Slough, outer coastal beaches, lagoons and river mouths, and beaches north of Santa Cruz. A total of 18,455 individual were counted (represented by 22 species). The report also compares total numbers of shorebirds seen on the spring Monterey Bay censuses from 1989 to 1993. B esf ?
Ramer, B.A. 1993+ Monterey Bay shorebird census: August, 1993 1-4 Stinson Beach, CA Point Reyes Bird Observatory Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, birds, shorebirds, marine, estuary, sandy beach, ecology, monitoring, population size, seasonalilty Report This short report provides data on shorebird numbers on the August 1993 Monterey Bay census for each of the major areas: Elkhorn Slough, outer coastal beaches, lagoons and river mouths, and beaches north of Santa Cruz. A total of 16,317 individual were counted (represented by 30 species). The report also compares total numbers of shorebirds seen on the fall Monterey Bay censuses from 1989 to 1993. B esf~? ) Ramer, B. A.
Page, G. W.
Yoklavich, M. M. 1991T Seasonal abundance, habitat use and diet of shorebirds in Elkhorn Slough, California 157-174
Western Birds 22 4 Elkhorn Slough, Birds, vertebrates, Species Composition, Ecosystem, Feeding Ecology, Animal Behavior, Nutrition, shorebirds, marine, estuary, mudflats, saltponds, saltmarshes, seasonalityx This paper summarizes data collected during shorebird surveys from 1 November 1977 to 27 February 1980 along the main channel of Elkhorn Slough from California State Highway 1 to Hudson's Landing. The authors present data on the following topics: seasonal changes in mean number and biomass of shorebirds, percent composition of most abundant small and large shorebirds species, monthly median number of most abundant small shorebird species, monthly median number of most abundant large shorebird species, density of shorebirds feeding on intertidal mudflats at increasing distance from the mouth of Elkhorn Slough, seasonal variation in the diet of western sandpipers, seasonal variation in the diet of willets, seasonal variation in the diet of marbled godwits, mean winter density of shorebirds on tidal flats in Elkhorn Slough and range of densities in Point Reyes - Bodega Bay area. B multiple copies (3) sp esf ?
$ Ramer, B.A.
Ramer, D.
Warriner, J. 1978( Checklist of the birds of Elkhorn Slough" Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary Vertebrates, Chordates, birds B not here ?
Rasmussen, D. 1995$ State Mussel Watch Program 1987-1993# State Water Resources Control BoardT Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution Data Report
March 1995 I 94-1WQ"?
Reed, J. 2002d Elkhorn Slough and it South Marsh in retrospect including solutions to increased erosional processes 1-55 Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa CruzC Elkhorn Slough, agriculture, restoration, human impact, archaeology unpublished student report This report gives a historical account of Elkhorn Slough, a retrospective description of the South Marsh Restoration Project (SMRP) of 1983 within ES, and addresses the increase of erosion in the South Marsh area and throughout the slough M esf ? Reilly, M.E. 1979+ The salt marsh vegetation of Elkhorn Slough 3-4c The Western Society of Naturalists 60th Annual Meeting Abstracts of Symposia and Contributed Papers2 California State Polytechnic University, Pomona CAz Elkhorn Slough, salt marsh, plants, baseline characterization, intertidal, biomass, distribution, ecology, natural history December 26-30 The salt marshes of central California are poorly known, and a description of the flora of Elkhorn Slough on Monterey Bay, California's second largest salt marsh is entirely lacking. The objective of this study is to determine the floristics of the major species present and the primary productivity of the dominant angiosperm Salicornia virginica. The co-dominants of the marsh include Suaeda californica, Frankenia grandiflora, Triglochin maritima, Distichlis spicata and Limonium californica. Using harvest methods, bi-monthly samples were taken of all aerial portions of S. virginica to determine the seasonal variation in standing crop biomass. Sampling has been done for one year, October 1, 1978 through September 30, 1979, and will continue until October 1980. A peak live standing crop value of 594.0 grams dry weight / m2 in August and a minimum of 161.0 grams dry weight / m2 in March were recorded. These results are in agreement with values reported in other central California salt marsh systems and lower than those reported in southern California. From standing crop values, net aerial primary productivity will be estimated.
Zonation in salt marsh vegetation has been noted in several systems; however, it has largely been described as changes in distribution of different taxa. Elkhorn Slough is primarily a monotypic stand of S. virginica, yet zonation is apparent in this species between the upper and lower marsh and is reflected by differences in phenology and stuanding crop biomass. Reasons for this zonation will be discussed. P not here esfW ? Reilly, P.T. 1978. Phosphate flux from Elkhorn Slough, California 1-80 Department of Natural Science San Jose, CA San Jose State University Elkhorn Slough, inorganic phosphate, salinity, oxygen, pH, tidal flats, channel, seasonality, chemistry, marine, estuary, baseline characterization M.A. Thesis Monthly sampling was conducted at seven selected stations along the length of Elkhorn Slough for dissolved inorganic phosphate, salinity, oxygen, and pH from July, 1975 to June, 1976. Seasonal distributions for salinity and phosphate showed effects of the recent drought.
Rinse water from corings made to a depth of 37 cm in the channel and the tidal flats of the upper slough indicate generally that phosphate concentrations were higher in the channel, where there was often a positive gradient downward in the sediments, then the tidal flats where there was no evident gradient.
Flux studies conducted 5-7 September, 1975 and 19-21 March, 1976 were designed to determine phosphate and salinity flux for the wet and dry seasons. The September flux study indicated that about 40 kg of phosphate were leaving the slough daily under ambient conditions. This implied a desorption of 0.30 mg-at/m2/day from the sediments in the upper slough area.
Cumulative flux calculations indicate that the major portion of flux has a semi-diurnal periodicity. A quarter-diurnal harmonic was identified as being important in characterizing the periodic fluctuations in current velocity, salinity, and phosphate. The quarter-diurnal phenomenon was reasoned to result from the draining and flooding of the tidal flats of the upper slough, thus showing a shape effect.
From monthly sampling and the flux data, calculations of eddy diffusivity for the flux study area were found to be 9.9 x 105 cm2/sec, agreeing with previous findings for the slough during non-drought years. C esf ? Rein, FA. 1999t An economic analysis of vegetative buffer strip implementation. Sase study: Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 377-390 Coastal Management 27 46 Coastal zone management, Water quality, Marine pollution, Pollution control, Erosion control, Agricultural runoff, Buffers, Vegetation cover, Cost analysis, USA, California, Elkhorn Slough, Brackish, Marine, cost/benefit analysis, economic valuation, ecosystem services, nonpoint-source pollution, terrestrial, Vegetative buffer strips (VBS) are being proposed as a tool to protect water quality from nonpoint pollution nationwide, yet no studies have investigated the economics of implementing VBS. This study evaluates environmental costs and benefits of implementing VBS, both to the grower and to society as a whole, as a means of capturing nonmarket ecosystem values and informing decision-making. Results indicate a net economic benefit to the grower for installing VBS within the first year, if the economic costs of erosion are considered. The installation of VBS also has extensive economic benefits to society, including in areas such as tourism, commercial fisheries, long-term road maintenance, and harbor protection. These results support installing VBS as a management strategy in an erosion-prone watershed to protect water quality and preserve soil fertility, as well as to protect economic interests. A number of policy tools to encourage VBS implementation are discussed, including tax incentives and legislative policies. Government intervention through incentive-based programs is advocated due to the clear economic and ecologic benefits to society. P esf ? Rein, Felicia A. 1999f Vegetative buffer strips in a Mediterranean climate: Potential for protecting soil and water resources 210# Department of Environmental Studies Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz Buffer zones, Ecosystem management, California, Elkhorn Slough, Watershed, Agriculture, Environmental quality, Water quality management, plant, sediment, erosion, hydrology, economics, resource management, groundwater, pollution, cost benefit analysis Ph.D. Dissertation My research goal was to compare the efficiency of different vegetation as vegetative buffer strips (VBS) in a Mediterranean climate. VBS bordering Elkhorn Slough, draining into Monterey Bay, California received one fo the three treatments: annual non-native grasses, perennial native grasses, or an unseeded treatment of weedy volunteers. I tested native grasses to determine whether VBS can serve to restore biodiversity while simultaneously capturing sediment and nutrients from conventional row-cropped agriculture.
I measured vegetation composition, canopy cover, above- and below-ground biomass, rooting depth, and plant nitrogen content (Chapter 2). Annual grasses established early while perennial and unseeded treatments had more exposed ground in the first year. Perennial grasses established a dense cover by the second year; however, weeds dominated in all treatments by the fourth year. These results suggest that it may be impossible to restore native grasses on agricultural lands.
Sediment transport was investigated by measuring gullies, micro-topographic change, suspended sediment capture and deposition along the upper plot boundary (Chapter 3). Annual grasses were most efficient in preventing gully formation in the first year. Perennial grasses were most effective in trapping sediment in the second and, possibly, third years. Overall, sediment was lost in the first two years and captured in the third year. All treatments demonstrated approximately a 93% reduction in sediment concentration from the top to the bottom of the VBS in the third year.
Precipitation, groundwater and surface water chemistry, infiltration, and hydraulic conductivity were quantified (Chapter 4). Nitrate concentrations were significantly reduced in groundwater but not in surface runoff. Ammonium and phosphorus showed no significant reduction in groundwater or surface water. Vegetative treatment did not significantly effect nutrient concentrations.
I evaluated environmental costs and benefits of implementing VBS, both to the grower and to society, as a means of capturing non-market ecosystem values (Chapter 5). a net economic benefit to growers for installing VBS was realized within the first year, if the economic costs of erosion were considered. The installation of VBS also has extensive benefits to society. These results support installing VBS as a management strategy in an erosion-prone watershed to protect water quality. P_ http://wwwlib.umi.com/pqdd2/search/do?query=au%28Rein%2C%20Felicia%20A.%29%20and%20da%281999%29 esf ? ! Rein, FA; Los Huertos, M; Holl KD 2007] Restoring native grasses as vegetative buffers in a coastal California agricultural landscape 8 Madrono 54 3~ Bromus carinatus, Deschampsia cespitosa, exotic invasion, Nassella pulchra, native grass
restoration, vegetative buffer strips We investigated changes in vegetation composition of different grass buffer strips in a fragmented coastal agricultural landscape to evaluate the potential for native grass restoration of sites that receive agricultural runoff. Vegetative buffers bordering Elkhorn Slough, draining into Monterey Bay, California, were either seeded with a non-native annual grass (Hordeum vulgare) or with a mix of native perennial grasses (Bromus carinatus, Deschampsia cespitosa, Nassella pulchra), and aboveground biomass and cover of vegetation were measured over a 4-yr period. Based on preliminary results, we initiated a second, smaller-scale experiment to test establishment of native perennial grasses (Bromus carinatus, Elymus glaucus, Hordeum brachyantherum) at different seeding densities with combinations of non-native annual grasses (H. vulgare or Lolium multiflorum and Vulpia myuros) to optimize erosion control.
In the first experiment, plots seeded with non-native annual grasses had greater biomass than native perennial plots in the first year. Biomass and cover of seeded annual grass decreased each year, which resulted in these plots being dominated by unseeded non-native species by the third year. In contrast, seeded native perennial grasses increased in both biomass and cover by the second year, with little cover of non-native species; but, in the third year cover of non-native species increased. By the fourth year, unseeded non-native species provided nearly all plant biomass and cover in all treatments. In the
second experiment, native perennial grass cover was low, but was greater when seeded alone compared to when seeded with non-native annuals. The seeded annual grass V. myuros invaded and provided the majority of cover in most plots by the second year. Our results suggest that some species of native perennial grass can establish on former agricultural lands, but long-term survival is difficult without extensive management. P pdf available at ESNERR 249-257 ?
Reis, D. 1999 Distribution and habitat study of Californian Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii) and Pacific Treefrogs (Hyla regilla) at Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve 1997-1998 1-172 Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve= Elkhorn Slough; amphibians; frogs; treefrogs; Aquatic animals draft January 4, 1999 V esf?
Renoud, D. 2001J Least wanted aquatic invaders for Elkhorn Slough and the Monterey Bay area 1-11 Watsonville2 Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve2 invasive species; alien; management; human impacts
April 1, 2001 M, I
have 2 copies esf ?
! Resource Planning and Management, 19853 Moss Landing Harbor District -- Master plan options management; marine M V?
! Resource Planning and Management, 19869 Moss Landing Harbor Master Plan, Moss Landing, California 1-94 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Harbor Distict~ Moss Landing, Elkhorn Slough, habitat management, resource management, development, harbor, boating, natural resources, marine Report The Master Plan for the Moss Landing Harbor provides an integrated long-term planning framework to guide development and management of the District's physical facilities, as well as the natural resources under its jurisdiction. Areas that can provide additional berths for commercial and recreational boats are identified along with accompanying support facilities. A plan for phasing the development of these facilities is contained within the implementation section.
The Plan addresses development of the harbor west of Highway 1 and focuses on the North and South Harbors, where existing and future navigational and berthing activities is to be concentrated. The District owns extensive properties in Elkhorn and Bennett Sloughs east of Highway 1 and owns and operates Kirby Park on the upper Elkhorn Slough. While management of these areas is an ongoing concern of the District, they are not addressed in the Harbor Master Plan.
The resource management section fo the Master Plan addresses improvement and management of portions of the valuable aquatic and wetland resources unde the control of the District. The Master Plan describes various recommendations intended to enhance habitat areas and provide appropriate access for visitors, researchers, and students.
The Harbor Master Plan is a facility planning, development, and management program for the District, while at the same time, provides information about the District's long-term goals and intentions to the numerous local, state, and federal agencies involved in the Moss Landing area. Many of the proposed improvements will require the approval of the County and the Coastal Commission. These agencies will look to the Moss Landing Community Plan and the Harbor Master Plan for guidance when considering permit requests. M multiple copies (2) esf ? k X Rice, David W.
Seltenrich, Craig P.
Keller, Marilyn L.
Spies, Robert B.
Felton, James S. 1994 Mixed-function oxidase-specific activity in wild and caged speckled sanddabs Citharichthys stigmaeus in Elkhorn slough, Moss Landing Harbor and nearshore Monterey Bay, California 179-188 Environmental Pollution 84 2 Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, Moss Landing Harbor, Enzymology, biochemistry, Marine ecology, Pollution assessment control and management, Soil science, Toxicology, conservation, Flatfish, Citharichthys stigmaeus, Fish, Oxidase, Freshwater pollution, Marine sediment, Seasonality, Enzymes, Physiology, aquatic Toxicology, Public Health, Environmental Health, Air, Water and Soil Pollution, benthic, estuaryX The goal of this study was to characterize the spatial, seasonal and annual hepatic activities of mixed-function oxidase (MFO) in the speckled sanddab Citharichthys stigmaeus, the most common fish in the Moss Landing area. In addition, techniques to monitor MFO activities in caged speckled sanddabs were developed and tested. Once the relationship between MFO activities in caged and wild fish populations is determined, caged-fish could be used to monitor potential hydrocarbon impacts at Moss Landing or other marine sites. During each of the spatial, seasonal and annual sediment samplings conducted in 1985-1987 as part of a separate hydrocarbon variability study at Moss Landing, 12 wild speckled sanddabs were collected from Moss Landing Harbor, Elkhorn Slough and nearshore Monterey Bay sites. In addition, four locations were chosen for a 14-day field caged fish experiment. The caged fish experiments successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using caged sanddabs as indicators of hydrocarbon exposure. The major source of variability in hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in wild speckled sanddabs from the Moss Landing area is due to seasonal rather that, site differences. Significant relationships between caged fish MFO response and sediment hydrocarbon concentrations were found. It is possible that caged fish could be used in place of costly sediment sampling and analysis. and provide a more direct method to assess biological impacts. Many of the caging techniques demonstrated in this study can easily be transferred to other benthic flatfish, and other marine and freshwater environments. F multiple copies (2) esf
M? G Rice, David W.
Seltenrich, Craig P.
Spies, Robert B.
Keller, Marilyn L. 1993 Seasonal and annual distribution of organic contaminants in marine sediments from Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing Harbor and nearshore Monterey Bay, California 79-91 Environmental Pollution 82 1 Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, Moss Landing Harbor, Pollution assessment control and management, Soil science, aquatic Toxicology, Crassostrea gigas (Pelecypoda), Mytilus smaragdinus (Pelecypoda), Animals, Invertebrates, Mollusks, DDT, Biphenyls, Phthalic acid, Carbon, Biological half life, Metal retention, Air, Water and Soil Pollution, Chemistry, Pesticides, Herbicides, Biochemical Methods, benthico This 3-year study provides data on the spatial, seasonal and annual variability of hydrocarbons and total organic carbon present in marine sediments at three sites: Elkhorn Slough , Moss Landing Harbor and nearshore Monterey Bay in the vicinity of Moss Landing, California. The study provides baseline information that could be used to evaluate the potential impacts of future fuel oil releases occurring in the Moss Landing area. Groups of hydrocarbons were chosen to represent the hydrocarbon inputs into the Moss Landing area. These included the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), phthalic acid ester (PAE), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and combustion PAHs ( sum COMBs). For sum DDTs, sum YPCBs, sum PAEs, sum PAHs and sum -COMBs, the major sources of variability were between sites and random effects. Subsites within each site contributed little variability. No significant seasonal differences in any chemical contaminant group were found at any site. Significant seasonal differences in total organic carbon (TOC) and significant annual differences in sum PCBs, sum PAHs, sum COMBs and sum PAEs were found at the nearshore Monterey Bay site. Significant annual differences in sum PAEs and TOC were found within Moss Landing Harbor, and significant annual differences in sum PAEs were found within the Elkhorn Slough site. Implications for future sampling designs in the Moss Landing area are that given the current baseline conditions (a stable, low rate of hydrocarbon input), a variability of 75-150 m-2 may not need to be heavily sampled. Spatial variability, not seasonal or annual variability, is the major source of hydrocarbon variability in Moss Landing sediments, although 3 years may not be long enough to establish tong-term annual trends. Further research to determine the sum PAH spatial sampling scale for oil spills is needed. C multiple copies (2) esf?
j Richards, Lawrence P. 1952j The functional anatomy of the odontophore of the pectinibranch snail Polinices lewisii (Gould) (Naticidae) 1-16 Bodega Marine Laboratory? Elkhorn Slough, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Gastropoda, moon snail Unpublished Student Report I not here $want abstract ?
Richman, Samantha E. 1997 Seasonal abundance and distribution of marine mammals and birds in Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, California from July 1994 to July 1997 1-30 Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz Elkhorn Slough, sea otters, harbor seal, great egret, great blue heron, snowy egret, species diversity, birds, mammals, Phoca vitulina, terrestrial, marine, estuary, distribution, abundance, ecology, seasonality, breeding, reproduction Independent Study Report
November 1997d The Elkhorn Slough is one of California's largest remaining wetlands and home to over 267 species of birds, 400 species of invertebrates, 80 species of fish and several species of marine mammals. This study was carried out from July of 1994 to July of 1997 to observe the seasonal abundance and distribution of marine mammals and birds in Elkhorn Slough. The sea otter has been sighted in the Slough since the early 1970's, but has only recently become a permanent resident. In the winter of 1995, a group of young, male otters entered the Slough and have been increasing steadily since that time, They are distributed throughout the main channel of the Slough as well as in the tidal and sub-tidal creeks. Their primary foraging areas are in the section A, B and C, and they can be seen rafting in large numbers in sections D and E (Seal Bend). Harbor seal abundance increases steadily from early spring to summer, during the breeding and molting season, and then declines throughout fall and winter. Harbor seals can be sighted regularly in the 'seal rest area', on 'seal point', and along the Rubis Creek mudflat. Pupping season begins in early April and continues through mid July. Great Egret and Great Blue Herons nest in the slough near the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve during the spring to early summer and their abundance increases during that time. Their numbers decline throughout the winter with an unusually high number every December. Snowy Egret abundance declines throughout the spring and summer and increases steadily during the fall and winter. They also show an unusually high abundance in December and January. Throughout the study period, over 90 species of birds were sighted along the main channel of the Slough. The large variety of species in the Elkhorn Slough suggests that this coastal estuary is highly productive and critically important. B, V multiple copies (2) esf j?
j Risebrough, R.W.
de Lappe, B.W.
Letterman, E.F.
Lane, J.L.
Firestone-Gillis, M.
Springer, A.M.
Walker, W. 1980 California Mussel Watch: 1977-1978. Vol. III - Organic pollutants in mussels, Mytilus californianusand M. edulis,along the California coast 1-282 Sacramento, CA# State Water Resources Control Board Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution, aquatic toxicology, chemistry, California, Elkhorn Slough, DDT, PCB Water Quality Monitoring Report This report contains data from the following analysis of mussels collected along the California coast in 1977-1978:
Petroleum, Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Biogenic Hydrocarbons, DDT Compounds, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Endosulfan, Toxapene, Chlorinated dibenzodioxins, and other organchlorine pollutants: development of high resolution electron capture capability
Recommendations
1) program operations
2) program procedure and development
3) expansion of chemical studies
4) supportive research
5) archiving of samples and extracts
appendices:
1) Analytical Methodologies
2) Monitoring Strategies and Statistical Design
3) High Resolution Electron Capture Gas Chromatotgrams
4) High Resolution Electron Capture Gas Chromatograms with Coinjection of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
5) Data Processing, Storage and Retrieval
6) GC.MS Ion chromatograms
7) Data from packed Column Electron Capture Gas Chromatographic Analysis I No. 79-22 esf ?
Risebrough, R.W.
Jarman, W.M. 1985U Organochlorine contaminants in California Peregrine Falcons: Birds found dead in 1985 1-8 Santa Cruz, CA0 Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Elkhorn Slough, birds, peregrine falcons, terrestrial, pollution, contaminants, toxicology, species conservation, migratory birds Report This year three peregrines were found dead or injured at Elkhorn Slough, and the birds found injured subsequently died. Analysis of tissues of these birds, which most likely were feeding primarily on local ducks and shorebirds that would be accumulating local contiminants, might be expected to provide some insight into the origins of the pollutants in the peregrine population. Two other peregrines that had died were also used for analysis. Histories of all five birds are given. The birds were analyzed for the following organochlorides: DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, DDD+DDT/DDE, o,p-DDT, PCB, DDE/PCB, HCB, Mirex, DDE/Mirex, alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, heptachlor epoxide, DDE/hapt. epoxide, oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor, gamma-chlordane, alpha-chlordane, dieldrin, DDE/dieldrin B esf ?
Roberson, D. 1985L Monterey birds: Status and distribution of birds in Monterey Co., California 1-266
Carmel, CA" Monterey Peninsula Audubon Society Vertebrates, Chordates, birds B not here ? Roberson, D.
Tenney, C. 1993: Atlas of the breeding birds of Monterey County, California 438 pp.
Carmel, CA" Monterey Peninsula Audubon Society Vertebrates, Chordates,; birds B not here ? Robinson, B.H. 1993' New technologies for Sanctuary research 75-80 Oceanus 36 3 Monterey Bay, deep sea, MBARI, national marine sanctuary, research technology, remotely operated vehicles, buoys, moorings, benthic stations This article discusses new technologies that are being used by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute and other research institutions to study National Marine Sanctuaries, especially the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. It gives examples of new technologies under development or already at work in Monterey Bay that have significant applicability to sanctuary research, both in Monterey and around the country. R esf 0 ?
Rochin, J.A. 1967" A mudflat survey in Elkhorn Slough 1-10 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Elkhorn Slough, Invertebrates, clams, crustaceans, worms, estuary, mudflats, benthic, sediment, ecology, sampling design, abundance Unpublished Student Report This was a study in the usage of sampling techniques in general and the quadrat method. We used a 1/4 m2 quadrat and half gallon samples from the corners. The the remaining mud was removed to a depth equal to that of the subsamples. The remaining mud was seived through a 1/4 inch mesh screen and all macro-invertebrate organisms were counted. The subsamples were split into three strata (bottom, middle and top) and then sieved through a 0.049 inch mesh screen.
The number and types of organisms in each of the three 1/4 m2 quadrats are very similar. This result would lead me to believe that at least for Macoma a fairly uniform distribution exists thoughout the mud. Other organisms were also found but these varied in frequency and abundance in each of the 1/4 m2 quadrats. Therefore, I believe that these other organisms are much less uniform in their distribution throughout the area sampled.
As for the subsamples:
1) Macoma appeared to be more abundant in the subsamples than in the quadrat samples
2) Cryptomya is found in low abundance in the 1/4 m2 quadrats and were absent in the subsamples of two of the three groups - this may be due to sampling error, indicating a need for more subsamples to determine abundance in this species.
3) the data for Bittium shows the opposite result - the subsamples show higher abundance than the 1/4 m2 quadrat (this may be due to the different mesh size used to seive the samples)
4) crustaceans are quite abundant in the top stratum
5) Macoma is found in the top and middle strata R esf ?
j Rodeick, C. 1969y Feeding behavior and stomach analysis of Olivella biplicata occuring at Elkhorn Slough, Pacific Grove, and Monterey wharf 1-34 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Gastropoda, snails, marine, estuary, ecology, foraging, feeding behavior, prey choice, gut contents Unpublished Student Report 1) it seems conclusive that O. biplicata used its radula, contractions and expansions of muscles controlling the oral cavity, and mucous transport to convey food particles into its mouth.
2) Apparently O. biplicata uses a mucous net type of feeding; however, since no transport of particulate matter trapped in the mucous was observed this cannot be stated conclusively.
3) With the proper facilities, radioactive fishmeal could be introduced into an experimental situation to allow tracing of the food from the nets into the specimens.
4) Positive conclusions can be drawn pertaining to O. biplicata's preference to a clean substrate with low organic content.
5) No conclusions pertaining to slope preference can be made at this time.
6) From observations of O. biplicata, it seems that chemoreception plays a part in feeding behavior.
7) Proceeding from a heavily vegetated area to a lesser vegetated one will result in a lower diversity of organic matter found in stomach
8) In a strictly sandy bottom area one of the main constituents of the diet will be calcareous matter
9) In a heavily vegetated area diatoms will be present in the stomach analysis of a high percentage of specimens
10) O. biplicata is an indiscriminate feeder rather than a selective one. I esf?
Rodeick, C. 19694 Sediment analysis and distribution in Elkhorn Slough 1-26 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratoriesh Elkhorn Slough, oceanography, estuary, sediment transport, particulate size, currents, tides, deposition Unpublished Student Report> This paper includes sediment sampling and analysis of thirty stations in Elkhorn Slough. Originally undertaken to provide a reference for future biological work in Elkhorn Slough this project has posed some interesting and complex questions, as to sediment transport and current patterns, which remain for future work. G multiple copies (2) esf ?
Rodgers, C. 1988 TBT in the marine environment 1-4 Elkhorn Slough Foundation{ Tributyltin, TBT, organotins, fouling, shellfish, aquatic toxicology, pollution, crustaceans, molluscs, regulations, marine Unpublished Report This report is an overview of TBT, its use as an anti-fouling agent, its detrimental effects on marine invertebrates, and proposed legislation regulating its use. C esf 3?
Ross, S. W. 2001R A history of the National Estuarine Research Reserve systemwide monitoring program North Carolina NERR management, estuary February 26, 2001o describes the formation of SWMP monitoring and research coordination of the National Estuarine Research Reserve M esf 1?
Ross, S. W. 2003R A history of the national estuarine research reserve systemwide monitoring program North Carolina NERR estuary, management August 22, 2003o describes the formation of SWMP monitoring and research coordination of the National Estuarine Research Reserve M esf ? 8 Ross, S. W.
Dalton, D. A.
Kramer, S.
Christensen, B. L. 2001\ Physiological (antioxidant) responses of estuarine fishes to variability in dissolved oxygen 1-37t spot; pinfish; longjaw mudsucker; staghorn sculpin; National Estuarine Research Reserves; North Carolina; California draft of MS thesis! Cycles of dissolved oxygen (DO) in estuaries can range from anoxia to various levels of supersaturation (200 - 300 %) over short time periods. Aerobic metabolism causes formation of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS), a process exacerbated by high or low DO. Fishes can generate physiological defenses (e.g., antioxidant enzymes) against ROS, but there are little data tying this to environmental conditions. We investigated physiological defenses generated by estuarine fishes in response to high DO and various DO cycles. We hypothesized that chemical defenses and/or oxidative damage are related to patterns of DO supersaturation. Specific activities of antioxidants in fish tissues should be positively correlated with increasing levels of DO, if high DO levels are physiologically stressful. We caged common benthic fishes (longjaw mudsucker, Gillichthys mirabilis, and staghorn sculpin, Leptocottus armatus, in CA and spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, and pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides, in NC) during summer 1998 in two estuarine sites in southern North Carolina and two in central California. At each site a water quality meter measured bottom DO, salinity, temperature, depth, pH, and turbidity at 30 min intervals throughout the study. These sites exhibited a wide variety of dissolved oxygen patterns. After two weeks in the cages, fish gills and livers were analyzed for antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and the metabolite glutathione. All fishes exhibited antioxidant enzyme activity. There was a significant site-dependent effect on all enzyme activities at the NC sites, with the most activity at the site with the highest DO cycling and the most DO supersaturation. There was a trend towards higher enzyme activities under high DO levels at the CA sites. F draft of MS esf u?
j Rote, J. 1968V Ecological studies of the cirratulid worm, Cirriformia spirabrancha, at Elkhorn Slough Pacific Grove, CA Hopkins Marine Station# Invertebrates, Annelida, Polychaeta Unpublished Student Report I not here $want abstract ?
Rote, J. 19680 Succession of marine organisms at Elkhorn Slough 1-18 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories invertebrates, succession Unpublished Student Report R not here $want abstract
? Ruagh, A.A. 1976^ Feeding habits of silversides (family Atherinidae) in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 1-60 Department of Biology
Fresno, CA" California State University Fresno Elkhorn Slough, fishes, smelt, Atherinidae, marine, estuary, pelagic, ecology, distribution, abundance, seasonal cycles, reproduction, spawning, foraging, prey, invertebrates M.A. Thesis Two species representative of the family Atherinidae, jacksmelt (Atherinopsis californiensis) and topsmelt (Atherinops affinis), were studied from August 1974 to August 1975. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the feeding habits of these pelagic, schooling, inshore fishes in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California.
The catches of these two species varied throughout the year of study. Jacksmelt were most abundant from February through May. Topsmelt were abundant from February through July, and were most abundant during the months of May, June, and July. These times of maximum catch correlated with spawning behavior since these species presumably enter Elkhorn Slough in great numbers from the off-shore waters to spawn, thus increasing their chances of being captured.
The collected jacksmelt were generally larger in size than topsmelt, and in both species, females tended to be larger than males. There were more jacksmelt males captured than females, and more topsmelt females than males. This may indicate that both species school in separate sexes. Topsmelt were more abundant than jacksmelt and both species overlap little in habitat.
The mode of feeding exhibited by both species is related to their size. The smaller sizes are mainly filter feeders, and are occasionally more predatory. The larger sizes are both filter feeders and active opportunistic particulate predators. Both larger and smaller sizes probably exhibit a grazing mode of feeding. They were found to feed through the water column, but especialy on or near the bottom.
The dominant food item eaten by both species were the diatom, Melosira moniliformis and Naviculoideae, the alge Enteromorpha spp., the copepods, especially calanoid copepods. Jacksmelt eggs were also an important part of the diet of jacksmelt. The abundance of these food items in both species may be related to their abundance in Elkhorn Slough.
Most topsmelt and jacksmelt with empty stomachs were found during the periods of their maximum observed spawning activity. This may indicate that neither species feed vary much when spawning.
Sex and size appeared to have no influence on the feeding habits of either species, although immature topsmelt contanied more planktonic organisms than adult topsmelt. There were not enough data to determine if immature and adult jacksmelt had different feeding habits. There was little change in both species' food habits throughout the year of study. Most of the major food items were found in every monthly sample.
Topsmelt appeared to have higher food diversity than jacksmelt; however, both species are generalized in their feeding habits, preying on a variety of food items when and where they occur. Both species had similar food items in their stomachs, but they differed in the numeral and volumetric proportions. In spite of their similar feeding morphology and their similar food items, both species overlapped little in their feeding, which probably resulted from the difference in their consumption to the predominant food items. F esf ?
Rudo, M. 1980Y Archaeological reconnaissance of the Moss Landing Harbor District small craft marina site Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State University Archaeological Data; marine Report H not here? Ruiz, G. M. 1991C Consequences of parasitism to marine invertebrates: Host evolution? 831-839 American Zoologist 31 6O Bivalve, Transennella tantilla, Biomphalaria glabrata, Population Biology, Life History, Schistosoma mansoni, Infectious Diseases, Growth, Snail, Prevalence, Cycle, Invertebrates, parasitism, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Platyhelminthes, trematodes, sexual dimorphism, Transennella confusa, Digenetic, Prey Adaptation, Semelparity, Reproduction Parasitism among aquatic invertebrates is common, if not ubiquitous, and can be pathological to hosts. However, host evolution in response to parasitism has received little attention, particularly for marine invertebrates. Drawing on the rich literature demonstrating prey adaptations to predators, I develop analogous predictions for the ways in which host life histories may be molded by their parasites. Such adaptations are expected when the effects of parasites are severe and when the probability of infection is high. Predicted life history changes include the evolution of semelparity, reduced age at first reproduction and reduced size at first reproduction. Using Recent and fossil populations of two bivalves species in the genus Transennella, I show that the incidence of trematode parasites may explain a trend of reduced size through time and contribute to the maintenance of sexual dimorphism for size. I esf ?
Rumrill, S.S. 1994h Non-point source pollution research and monitoring within the National Estuarine Research Reserve system 11-17K Coastal Nonpoint Source Workshop: Measuring Success and Monitoring ProgressO Elkhorn Slough, NERR, water quality, estuarine, monitoring, resource management It is clear that the data derived from NERRS water quality monitoring program must be tied closely to the set of defined assessment objectives. Resolution of cause-and-effect relationships will be difficult to achieve by monitoring alone, however, and will require the tighter experimental controls afforded by short-term intensive research investigations. Nevertheless, monitoring efforts will contribute substantially to evaluations of current NPS management practices scheduled for implementation throughout the coastal region. Clausen (1991) recommends a multi-tiered approach for the evaluation of individual management actions and packages of BMPs where intensive short-term assessments are carried out along with broader long-term investigations. The NERR water quality monitoring program will address both of these approaches by simultaneously gathering information from a wide range of estuarine baseline and BMP treatment sites. Success of the monitoring program will ultimately be dependent upon the establishment of appropriate site selection criteria, and will build upon basic understandings of the estuarine systems developed over time within the NERRS. M esf? Russo, R.A. 1975q Observations on the food habits of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) and brown smoothhounds (Mustelus henlei) 95-103 California Fish and Game 61 2a San Francisco Bay, sharks, fish, marine, estuary, benthic, ecology, foraging, prey, invertebrates Information on the food habits of the brown smoothhound and leopard shark was collected from May 1970 through June 1973. The stomach contents of 45 leopard sharks and 25 smoothhounds from San Francisco Bay, California revealed similar food habitats are found in the Tomales Bay, California.
Of the smoothhounds examined, 39% contained shrimp, 35% crabs, and 22% fish. Of the leopard sharks examined, 17% contained shrimp, 16% crabs, and 19% fish. The occurence of a significant quantity of shore crabs (Hemigrapsus oregonensis) in smoothhound indicates a definite intertidal feeding habit, which is not evidenced by the quality of food in leopard sharks. In addition, 17% of the leopard sharks contained fish eggs, 9% clam necks, and 19% contained worms. While shrimp, crabs, and fish were important items in the diets of both sharks, leopards are distinguished by the appearance of clam necks, worms, and fish eggs in significant quantities. The occurrence of benthic forms like Upogebia, Callianasa and Urechis and various clam necks indicates a shoveling or burrowing habit by leopard sharks in capturing prey. This idea is supported by findings on concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons in leopard and brown smoothhound liver tissue. F esf g? X San Filippo, R.A. 1995e Diet, gastric evacuation and estimates of daily ration of the gray smoothhound, Mustelus californicus 1-71 San Jose, CA San Jose State Universy, fish, Elkhorn Slough, Vertebrates. Chordates M.S. Thesis F not here 0 ?
A Sanger, D. M.
Arendt, M. D.
Chen, Y.
Wenner, E. L.
Holland, A. F. 2002r A synthesis of water quality data: national estuarine research reserve system-wide monitoring program (1995-2000) 135 p.
CharlestonH Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental TechnologyY marine, Elkhorn Slough, water quality, pH, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, sonde, SWMP W National Estuarine Research Reserve Technical Report Series 2002: 3. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Division Contribution No. 500 esf ^? j Sarver, S. K.
Foltz, D. W. 1993Q Genetic population structure of a species' complex of blue mussels (Mytilus spp.) 105-112 Marine Biology 117 1| allozyme electrophoresis, mosaic hybrid zone, Biochemistry and molecular biophysics, Genetics, Physiology, Systematics and taxonomy, Wildlife management , conservation, Mytilus trossulus, Animals, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Distribution, Ecology, Salinity, Temperature, Genetics, Moss Landing Harbor, California, Mytilus galloprovincialis, tidal height, exposure, Alaska, California] Blue mussels representing two nominal species (Mytilus trossulus Gould, 1850 and Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) were collected from 28 intertidal locations along the Pacific coast of the USA in 1990-1991 (total N = 1255) and examined for variation at 15 allozyme loci. Twelve samples, mostly from a region of suspected hybridization, were analyzed for variation in seven shell characters. Principal-components analysis of allozyme data revealed three groups based on first principal-component scores, which were identified as M. trossulus, M. galloprovincialis, and hybrids. Canonical discriminant analysis of shell characters was less successful in separating mussels into discrete groups. Each location was characterized for four environmental variables: (1) temperature, (2) salinity, (3) tidal height and (4) degree of exposure to wave action, which were then used as independent variables in a series of multiple-regression analyses, with the proportions of the two species as dependent variables. Temperature and salinity had significant (P lt 0.05) effects on the macrogeographic distribution of the two species, whereas the effects of height in the tidal zone and degree of wave exposure were not statistically significant. Salinity was found to have a greater influence than temperature on the microgeographic distribution of the two species. M. trossulus was more abundant at locations with lower temperatures and greater salinity variation than M. galloprovincialis. The two species appear to be ecologically distinct, and their genetic integrity is at least partly the result of environmental heterogeneity. I] http://www.springerlink.com/content/p3610515046086m8/?p=87ddbbf7d5ed4dcb91848328fc0d4e62&pi=3 esf ? j
Schaadt, T.J. 2005x Patterns and Causes of Variability in the Cover, Biomass, and Total Abundance of Ulva spp. in Elkhorn Slough, California Masters) California State University, Monterey BayC http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Schaadt_2005.pdf ?
Schafer, E. 1986n Checklist of the amphibians, reptiles and mammals, of Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary and vicinity2 Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Vertebrates, Chordates I, V not here Q?
j Schafer, K. 1991Q The ecological effect of Battillaria attramentaria on the Elkhorn Slough mudflats 1-18 Monterey, CA Hopkins Marine Station Invertebrates, gastropods, snails, invasive species, Elkhorn Slough, mudflats, marine, estuary, benthic, ecology, caging, population dynamics Unpublished Student Reporto The impact of the introduced mudflat grazer, Batillaria attramentaria, on the ecosystem in Elkhorn Slough was studied by building cages to exclude the snails from plots of sediment. Sediment samples were collected from the exclosures and from controls areas where snails were present. These samples were then analyzed for chlorophyll a concentration as a measure of diatom productivity. The high variation within the environment, both spatially and temporally, obscured the effects of the snails. Therefore, the population dynamics of the diatoms must first be elucidated before the effects of the snails can be determined. I multiple copies (2) esf ?
T. Scharffenberger 1999* Elkhorn Slough Watershed Conservation Plan 1-444 Elkhorn Slough Foundation and the Nature Conservancy3 Elkhorn Slough; watershed; conservation; management July 2, 1999 M esf ??
- Scharffenberger, T.
Elkhorn Slough Foundation 2002q Elkhorn Slough at the crossroads: Natural resources and conservation strategies for the Elkhorn Slough watershed 1-41 Elkhorn Slough Foundation3 Elkhorn Slough, conservation strategies, watershed, Report
March 6, 2002 M not here esf 5?
Schettler, S. 1984> Vegetation survey of Las Lomas Ranch for Mrs. Thomas B. Porter 1-16 Elkhorn Slough, plants, saltmarsh, terrestrial, grassland, pasture, wooded slope, baseline characterization, management, survey Interim Report) This initial portion of a vegetation survey covers the lower part of the Las Lomas ranch of Mrs. Thomas B. Porter, deeded to The Nature Conservancy. The area covered is the relatively small (approximately 90 acres) "lower" portion of the ranch lying downslope from Hall Road south of its junction with Elkhorn Road in northern Monterey County. The contours are gently rolling. The property lies at the far northern head of Elkhorn Slough, the second largest salt marsh in California, and constitutes the most intact remaining slough and sloughside vegetation at the head of the slough.
Survey work was conducted throughout the 1984 growing season. Plants were identified on the site and/or samples collected for identification.
Rainfall for the 1984-83 season is nearby Watsonville was recorded at 20.13 inches. As far as vegetation was concerned, it was indeed a functional drought year in central California: annuals withered before reaching maturity, many perennials failed to bloom, and it was considered overall by botanists to be a very poor wildflower year. P esf>?
Schettler, S. 1985| Partial plant list: Property of Mrs. Thomas B. Porter deeded to the Nature Conservancy located at the head of Elkhorn Slough 1-5 Elkhorn Slough, plants, saltmarsh, terrestrial, grassland, pasture, wooded slope, baseline characterization, management, survey Report M esf Մ?
Schettler, S.
Silberstein, M. 1984_ Preliminary list of plant species identified on the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary 1-2' Elkhorn Slough; plants; natural history P not here? j 7 Schew, William A.
Collins, Charles T.
Harvey, Thomas E. 1994c Growth and breeding biology of caspian terns (Sterna caspia) in two coastal California environments 153-159 Colonial Waterbirds 17 2 Development, Ecology, reproduction, Systematics and taxonomy, Sterna caspia, Animals, Birds, USA, Mathematical model, Charadriiformes, Elkhorn Slough, California, Bolsa Chica, Huntington Beach, estuaryr The breeding biology and growth of Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) chicks were studied during the 1987 breeding season at Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve (BC), Huntington Beach on the southern California coast and at Elkhorn Slough (ES), near Moss Landing, on the central California coast in 1978. Both habitats are ecologically similar and may be characterized broadly as coastal Pacific estuarine environments. Three methods of analysis were used to compare chick growth patterns at the two colonies. Growth data were fitted using a logistic model, a modified Richards flexible curve model, and a nonparametric smoothing technique to determine summary growth statistics. Chicks reached an asymptotic size (A) of 570 +- 4.03 g on day 33 at ES and 566 +- 3.85 g on day 32 at BC. Chicks at ES achieved a slightly greater (6%) instantaneous peak rate of growth than chicks at BC. Although small differences were evident in magnitude and instantaneous rate parameters between these sites, estimators of overall growth rate (i.e., K-L and t-10-90), and shape parameters (t, P, and M) were similar, indicating homogeneity in the growth processes of these two populations. Caspian terns grew more slowly than other temperate tern species, possibly owing to physiological limitations imposed by their large size, but the shape of their growth curve exhibited a logistic form similar to other tern species. B not hereM?
Schoenherr, J.R. 1984 Fish species composition in Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary and in two other shallow tidal creeks in Elkhorn Slough 1-32 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratoriesi Elkhorn Slough, fish, trawling, benthic, marine, estuary, ecology, species composition, species diversity Unpublished Student Report Fish species composition of Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary was compared to two tidal creeks in Elkhorn Slough using an otter trawl. Cumulative number of species and cumulative species diversity curves showed that six to eight trawls per site would provide adequate sampling. Analysis of variance by ranks showed that the number of species and individuals caught per tow was the same for all sites. Rubis Creek showed the highest species diversity, ESNES second highest and Kirby Park had the lowest diversity. Species composition comparisons between sites yielded no significant correlation between sites. In general, smaller size classes of a given species were found in the sanctuary. F multiple copies (2) esf?
Scholten, J. 1991S A comparative survey of shorebirds from two sites within Elkhorn Slough, California 1-6 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratoriesu Elkhorn Slough, birds, shorebirds, marsh, estuary, mudflats, ecology, restoration, conservation, foraging, management Unpublished Student ReportR It has been suggested that shorebirds roost and feed in the South Marsh (an area of restored marshes and associated mudflats) in a similar manner to natural slough sites. This study provides continued monitoring and comparison of how shorebirds use restored and natural areas. It includes data on tide-dependent movements to and from areas, shorebird diversity and abundances within them, and preferred feeding habitats. Our observations lead me to believe that the restoration project in Elkhorn Slough has provided greatly to the enhancement of shorebirds in the slough and surrounding areas. B esf ?
Schultz, G. 19791 Elkhorn Slough bridge replacement at Moss Landing0 California State Office of Historic PreservationC construction; Elkhorn Slough; human impacts; bridge; estuary; marsh Archaeological Impact Report M not here ? Schwartz, D.L. 1983A Geological history of Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California San Jose, CA San Jose State University geology; Elkhorn Slough M.S. Thesis G M? * Schwartz, D.L.
Mullins, H.T.
Belknap, D.F. 1986[ Holocene geologic history of a transform margin estuary: Elkhorn Slough, central California 285-302$ Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 22 3 Human Activity, Tectonics, Sea Level Change, Pleistocene, Paleoecology, Historical Record, Elkhorn Slough, geology, estuaries, Holocenev Elkhorn Slough is California's second largest estuary and the United State's first estuarine sanctuary. It occupies the western reaches of Elkhorn Valley, a relic river valley eroded by drainage pouring out of the Santa Clara and/or Great Valley of California into Monterey Bay during the early Pleistocene. During the mid-late Pleistocene Elkhorn Valley was tectonically truncated from its headwaters by right-lateral movement along the San Andreas Fault. During the last glacial maximum, 16-18 .times. 103 years before present (B.P.), local drainage in Elkhorn Valley incised a stream channel at least 29 m below present day sea-level, as its base level was progressively lowered. With the ensuing Holocene sea-level rise, marine waters invaded this incised channel, floored with non-marine sandy gravels, creating a high-energy tidal inlet at the mouth of Elkhorn Slough approximately 8000 years B.P. As sea-level continued to rise, the main channel of Elkhorn Slough became filled by an estuarine, fining-upward sequence characterized by progressively shallower, lower-energy deposits. A quiet water estuary, considerably larger than the present-day Elkhorn Slough, existed approximately 3000 years B.P. As the Slough was slowly filling, salt marshes developed along its landward margins and have progressively advanced toward the center of the Slough during the past 5000 years. Historical records indicate numerous natural changes in the Elkhorn Slough vicinity. In the mid-1850s A.D. Elkhorn Slough was a minor tributary to the much larger Pajaro-Salinas River system which shared a common entrance to the Pacific Ocean north of Moss Landing. In 1909 winter storms modified the course of the Salinas River to its present location south of Moss Landing, while Elkhorn Slough persisted as a tributary to the Old Salinas River channel. Construction of jetties at the Moss Landing Harbor in 1946 provided a direct link between the Pacific Ocean and Elkhorn Slough. At this time, salt marshes began to retreat from the axis of Elkhorn Slough as it evolved into its present form as a relatively stable estuarine embayment. Had the jetties not been installed, Elkhorn Slough would have likely evolved into a freshwater wetland and eventually into a dry alluvial valley within 2000 years. The future fate of Elkhorn Slough will undoubtedly by controlled by relative sea-level changes, sediment supply, and human activities. Gf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WDV-4DV0K2C-6V&_user=10&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F1986&_rdoc=2&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236776%231986%23999779996%23529817%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6776&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=8&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=016683f378d768c175af262da2ce0128 esf$ ?
Seliskar, D.M.
Gallagher, J.L. 1983P The ecology of tidal marshes of the Pacific Northwest coast: A community profile 1-65 Washington, D.C.? U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Biological Services ecology; marsh; estuary; tidal R not here
FWS/OBS-82-32u? Shoemaker, C. R. 1964\ Seven new amphipods from the west coast of North America, with notes on some unusual species 391-4300 Proceedings of the United States National Museum 115 3489W Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Crustacea, Amphipoda, taxonomy, systematics, natural history@ While studying the unidentified amphipods from the west coast of North America in collections of the Smithsonian Institution, I have noted undescribed species from the time to time. Seven of these species are here described and illustrated; also redescriptions and supplementary figures are given of seven other species. I esf F? Shonman, D. 1981. Elkhorn Slough: The source of life for the bay
Monterey Life February Elkhorn Slough;natural history R not here? j Short, J.W.
Sharp, J.L. 1989U Tributyltin in bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) of the Pacific coast of the United States 740-743$ Environmental Science and Technology 23n west coast, U.S., invertebrates, mussels, Mytilus, marine, bays, coastal, marine pollution, aquatic toxicology Tissue concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAA) and by gas chromatography coupled with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer as the detector (GCAA) in bay mussels collected from San Diego Bay (CA), Puget Sound (WA), Auke Bay (AK), and Kodiak harbor (AK) in 1986 and 1987; results from both methods were not significantly different (P<0.871). Concentrations of TBT in mussels ranged from less than 0.005 micrograms of TBT/g of wet tissue weight to 1.08 micrograms/g of wet tissue weight. Concentrations of TBT in mussels sampled from Puget Sound were significantly lower (P<0.033) in March 1987 than in June 1986, possibly due to the influence of boats freshly painted with marine antifoulants launched during the spring. Our results may be useful as a benchmark to gauge the efficacy of recently enacted legislation restricting the use of marine antifoulants containing TBT on the Pacific coast of the United States. I esf ? & Shuford, W.D.
Page, G.W.
Kjelmyr, J.E. 1998E Patterns and dynamics of shorebird use of California's Central Valley 227-244
The Condor 100 2 birds, shorebirds, Calidris alpina, dunlin, Charadrius vociferus, killdeer, Charadriiformes, Limnodromus scolopaceus, long-billed dowitcher, Wildlife Management, Central Valley, California, USA, Ecology, terrestrial, Conservation, Animal Behavior, Limnology, Climate, Habitat Use, Land Use, Population Dynamics, Rice Lands, Habitat, Water Availability, Water Quality, wetlands, agricultural fields Surveys of California's Central Valley between 1992-1995 document it as one of the most important regions in western North America to migratory and wintering shorebirds. Populations averaged 134,000 individuals in August, 211,000 in November, 303,000 in January, and 335,000 in April. Of 33 species, the 10 or 11 that averaged over 1,000 individuals each season accounted for 99% of total numbers. Managed wetlands, agricultural fields (especially rice), and agricultural evaporation ponds held the most shorebirds. Species varied their seasonal, geographic, and habitat use of the Central Valley, primarily in response to changes in water availability from rainfall or management practices and latitudinal variation in habitat availability mediated, in part, by climate. In the record rainfall year of 19941995, shorebird numbers increased 74% between November and January, primarily from coast-to-interior movements of the Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) and local habitat shifts of Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus). Although the Valley's shorebirds face threats from poor or toxic water quality, changing agricultural practices, and habitat loss to urbanization, they should benefit from current efforts to increase flooding of rice fields and to secure a stable high quality water supply for wetlands. Development of a sound conservation strategy is crucial for the preservation of shorebird populations in the Central Valley, as this agriculturally-dominated landscape is among the most altered in North America and remains vulnerable to strong economic and population growth pressures that may impact shorebird habitats in the future. BH http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Shuford_etal_1998.pdf ?
Siewers 1995 Elkhorn Slough Oyster History 1-3J oyster culture, Elkhorn Slough, aquaculture, commercial fishery, shellfish
Memorandum 4/19/95 esf not hereh ? Silberstein, M. 19902 Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve 13-14# Current Journal of Marine Education 10 1# Elkhorn Slough, education, habitatsf this article gives a brief, romantic glimpse into the habitats and education activities at the ESNERR. M< National Marine Educators Association. Pacific Grove, Calif. esf ? Silberstein, M. 1991# A cartoon history of Elkhorn Slough 101 Morro Bay State of the Bay Conference Proceedings Russell, B.
Richards, J. Morro Bay Morro Bay Taskforce management; morro bay October 12, 1991 R esf 0 ? " Silberstein, Mark
Campbell, Eileen 1989 Elkhorn Slough 64, Monterey Bay Aquarium Natural History Series Monterey, CA Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation> Natural history, California, Elkhorn Slough, estuarine ecology R not here
1878244000 UCSC Science Stacks: QH105.C2S48 ?
Silberstein, M.
Fergusson, A. 1991, Elkhorn Slough reader and volunteer handbook2 Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve) Elkhorn Slough; reader; docent; volunteer R not here 0 ?
Silberstein, M.
Oliver, J. S. 1985i Monitoring ecological changes in a restored salt marsh on the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary 1-15+ Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary+ marsh; estuary; Elkhorn Slough; restoration Progress Report April 30, 1985 M esf ?
} Silberstein, M.
Werner, M.
Wunderlich, L.
Los Huertos, M.
Swezey, S.
Gliessman, S.
Tjeerdema, R.
De Vogelaere, A.
Zembsch, S. 1997! Azevedo Ranch, Elkhorn Slough, CA 1-57 Elkhorn Slough Foundation Elkhorn Slough, Azevedo Ranch, agriculture, wetland, estuary, terrestrial, pollution, resource management, conservation, restoration, pesticides, invertebrates, plants.A Report on Lands Owned by the Nature Conservancy in Elkhorn Slough) On the Azevedo Ranch, there is a thorough characterization of an agricultureal site and an adjacent wetland area. There data will provide a baseline for comparison once the site is converted to low-input agriculture and habitat restoration. Over time, we will be able to assess the effects of sustainable agricultural management practices on inputs of sediment and anthropogenic chemicals to the wetland. Because agriculture is considered to be the main origin of NPS pollutants entering Elkhorn Slough, this information will be invaluable in developing management practices and policies that are consistent with the goal of enhancing estuarine water quality. If agriculture is to continue as an environmentally and economically sustainable land-use practice in the region, this information is essential.
It is not enough to simply regulate against land-use practices that are suspencted sources of pollutants. This project will yield and demonstrate alternative practices that can maintain a viable and important local industry, while protecting the estuarine habitat. An additional goal is to initiate productive working relationships with the diverse interests in the Elkhorn watershed and to develop a strong partnership between the public and private sectors for addressing watershed issues in the slough.
Negative impacts resulting from agricultural activities upstream from estuaries are a nearly universal problem, and development of alternative management approaches on the ElkhornSlough watershed will have applicability to farms on other estuarine watersheds as well.
An important component of future work on the site will be the development of an outreach program. The Elkhorn Slough production area is an especially appropriate area for this outreach program, because of the large number of growers and high levels of strawberry production concentrated there. A successful outreach program in this region has the potential for influencing farmers in other parts of the Monterey Bay region and elsewhere. This site has the potential to become a model of the interactions between human land-use patterns, and health and quality of an adjacent estuarine system. It is appropriate that The Nature Conservancy participate in this existing endeavor. The land owned by TNC is perfectly situated to provide the arena for much of this work. M sp esf%? Silberstein, M.A. 1989D Seagrass research in west coast National Estuarine Research Reserves 3707-3711B Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management New York, NY# American Society of Civil Engineers west coast, U.S., plants, seagrass, Zostera, marine, estuarine, benthic, ecology, restoration, distribution, abundance, management Research on species of the seagrass Zostera is being conducted in three of the four west coast National Estuarine Research Reserves. There is an gradient of abundance of seagrass in these Reserves with extensive meadows in the northern sites to an absences of Zostera in the southern California site. Work has focused on mapping of distribution and abundance, ecological aspects of Zostera communities, on factors that may limit the distribution of this species or threaten the communities, on ways to enhance or restore the existing Zostera habitat, and on aspects of the plants genetics and physiology that may effect management of Zostera beds. P multiple copies (2) esf ? Silliman, O.P. 1915$ Range of the California clapper Rail 201
The Condor 17e birds, Elkhorn Slough, Tembladero Slough, Monterey Bay area, clapper rail, biogeography, distribution Short note the purpose of which was to notify the readers of the journal that the range of the clapper rail south of the range that was published to include Monterey Bay estuaries and salt water marshes. BD http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Silliman_1915.pdf multiple copies (2) esf ?
Simpson, G.L.B Sediment dynamics of a portion of the Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing 1-15 Department of Geology San Jose, CA San Jose State Univeristy Moss Landing Harbor, Jetty State Beach, barrier spit, dredging, sand dunes, coastal geology, management, boat navigation, sediment encroachment, shoaling, bathymetry, drifter surveys, wind, wave M.S. Thesis Proposall [This paper is a forerunner of a thesis proposal, which will include harbor monitoring and further sediment transport studies for the northern Elkhorn Slough.]
Preliminary investigation of the geomorphology and active sedimentation of the Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, California, suggests a high rate of sedimentation occurring in the harbor area north of the main channel. A dune and sand-spit complex appears to be migrating landward over relic lagoonal features. Additional snad-spit growth in the harbor north of the inlet has shown dissection by wave energy from wind and boat wakes. Tidal currents are dispersed by many man-made structures which also aid in sediment accumulation and erosion.
Due to various dredging activities over the past few years, some of the natural sedimentary features have been disturbed and intersected by dredge spilling which are common in the sand-spit cusp region north of the inlet. An attempt to correlate the natural sedimentology of the area and determine the effects of harbor maintenance and development reveals that the main channel or inlet (as confined by rip rap and groin development) is causing reorientation of spit-forming processes, which initiate shoaling perpendicular to the main spit. This shoal development is continuing to form a major sand-spit at right angles inside the main spit, resulting in semiconfinement and increased sedimentation of the north harbor area. Recent investigations indicate rapid erosion rates in the cuspate region (adjacent to main spit) wich consequential deposition occurring in the encroaching spit. Additional sand is provided during high wind conditions. G <1975 esfa?
Simpson, G.L. 1978M Shoal migration and dune encroachment, North Harbor, Moss Landing, California 1-48 Department of Geology San Jose, CA San Jose State University Moss Landing Harbor, Jetty State Beach, barrier spit, dredging, sand dunes, coastal geology, management, boat navigation, sediment encroachment, shoaling, bathymetry, drifter surveys, wind, wave M.S. Thesis Field observations and detailed analysis of aerial photographs for the period 1946-1977 of the North Harbor area, Moss Landing, California, indicate the landward progradation of an unstable barrier spit complex (Jetty State Beach). Instability in the Jetty State Beach area is the result of poor engineering design and placement of harbor jetty extensions, inefficient harbor maintenance techniques including the dredging and disposal of spoil materials, and the damage resulting from recreational use and vehicular traffic in adjacent dune areas. Evidence for harbor encroachment is seen in the development of a landward prograding spit and the landward displacement of sand from a major dune blowout at the rate of 750 cubic meters a year. Stabilization of the area could be accomplished by replanting and maintaining modification of the harbor jetty system, and the alteration of drainage presently entering the harbor to provide for greater tidal circulation. G esf` ? Slattery, P.N. 1985T Life histories of infaunal amphipods from subtidal sands of Monterey Bay, California 635-649 Journal of Crustacean Biology 5 4+ amphipods, natural history, benthic, mariney Describes the life history of the amphipod families Phoxocephalidae and Haustoriide of the subtidal sands of Monterey Bay I esf ?
Slattery, P.N.
Oliver, J.S. 1975Q The study of the effect of dredge spoil dumping on the benthic marine environment 1-43 San Francisco, CA The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Moss Landing Harbor, Monterey Bay submarine canyon, dredging, dredge spoil, disposal, dumping, invertebrate, macroinvertebrate, foraminifera, marine, benthic, ecology, human impact, resource management, reproduction, currents Interim ReportS During the construction of the Moss Landing Harbor in 1946 a total of 765,000 cubic yards of material was dredged. Since that time there have been eight maintenance dredging operations. Disposal has been on the beach adjacent to the harbor, from the end of Sandholt Pier, and in the nearshore Monterey Submarine canyon. We have designed our study to examine certain specific problems in more detail. We want to provide information on the magnitude of the initial impact of dumping, the duration of disturbance, the nature of community re-establishment, and the optimal dumping techniques to minimize environmental damage. We have concentrated our sampling at a few stations in order to obtain detailed quantitative information. Our major goals are:
1) To document the ecological changes caused by the dredge spoil dumping, in terms of organisms affected.
2) To determine the recovery rate, and the sequency of re-establishment of the benthic fauna, at both a dredge harbor area and a dredge spoil dumping site.
3) to determine the biological factors which promote recovery to a natural state, such as the capability of organisms to migrate vertically under heavy sedimentation, andt he reproductive abilities of the dominant species.
Our primary emphasis is on the macroinvertebrate fauna, althought microinvertebrate foraminifera studies are also being pursued. G, I, M esf g?
Sliger, M. C. 1980i Factors affecting the distribution of two grapsid crabs found in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 755 American Zoologist 20 4 Crustaceans, Invertebrates, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, Pachygrapsus crassipes, shore crabs, Substrate Type, Tidal Height, Interspecific Interaction, Ecology, Elkhorn Slough, marine, estuarine, benthic Non-overlaping distributions of two burrow-dwelling grapsid crabs, Hemigrapsus oregonensis and Pachygrapsus crassipes, were observed along the intertidal banks of Elkhorn Slough. H. oregonensis was found almost exclusively in the lower bank areas, while P. crassipes was mroe abundant in the upper bank. Field and lab experiments were conducted to determine the importance of substrate type, tidal height, and interspecific interactions. Results indicated the distribution of H. oregonensis was influenced by substrate selection and the presence of P. crassipes, while tidal height and substrate type affected the distributional pattern of P. crassipes. IO Annual Meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, American Microscopical Society, American Society of Limnology [and] Oceanography, Animal Behavior Society, Canadian Society of Zoologists, Ecological Society of America, Society of Systematic Zoology, [and] the Western Society of Naturalists, Seattle, Wash., Usa, Dec. 27-30, 1980. esf ? Sliger, M.C. 1982 Distribution and microhabitat selection of Hemigrapsus oregonensis (Dana) and Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California 1-64 Departemnt of Biology Hayward, CAE Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University Hayward Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Crustacea, shore crabs, vertical distribution, mudflats, desiccation, water, sediment, habitat requirements, Elkhorn Slough, marine, estuarine, benthic, ecology M.S. Thesis The vertical distribution and habitat selection of two species of grapsid crabs Hemigrapsus oregonensis (Dana) and Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall along the main channel bank of Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California was investigated. While the vertical distribution of the two crab species was found to overlap, H. oregonensis typically occupied burrows in the lower region of the bank and P. crassipes was usually found in burrows located in the upper bank or in bank slumps located on the lower mudflats. Substratum and tidal elevation were found to be the most important factors influencing crab distribution along the banks of Elkhorn Slough. Both H. oregonensis and P. crassipes had similar resistence to desiccation abilities, however smaller members of each crab species were more susceptible to desiccation. Hemigrapsus oregonensis was found to be able to tolerate silty-clay water while P. crassipes was highly susceptible to small, unconsolidated mud particles. I sp esfQ?
Small, D. Fishes of Elkhorn Slough 1-5 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesK Vertebrates, Chordates, fish, Elkhorn Slough, species list, marine, estuary Unpublished Student Reporti short description of the fishes found in Elkhorn Slough including short descriptions of the fish species. F esf
?
Small, D. 1984 Diel and tidal variation in catch composition of small otter trawls in a shallow tidal creek in Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary 1-26 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Elkhorn Slough, fish, yellowfin goby, topsmelt, speckled sanddab, arrow goby, pacific herring, shiner surfperch, northern anchovy, three-spine stickleback, longjaw mudsucker, bay blenny, bay goby, staghorn sculpin, california halibut, english sole, starry flounder, pacific sardine, california tonguefish, bay pipefish, marine, estuarine, benthic, ecology, baseline characterization, sampling methods, otter trawl, abundance Unpublished Student Report The purpose of this study was to determine whether three factors - variations due to diel, tidal height or tidal flow - would significantly alter the catch composition of a small otter trawl in a shallow tidal channel (the main channel) in Elkhorn Slough. In addition, this trawling effort will produce a partial species list for fishes in the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine SAnctuary six months after the opening of the main channel to tidal influence.
Trawls were started approximately every four hours from one hour after sunrise to four hours after sunset at the far end of the main channel or adjacent to the Barn and towed against the current if present to the opposite end of the study site. A total of 15 tows were completed and 19 species of fish were found.
The combined trawl samples suggest that one must be cautious when interpreting data using tows taken throughout a 24 hour time period to be used as replicates. Although numbers of fish and biomass was only significantly different for night vs day tows in general, species by species comparison suggests that this effect might also be present in afternoon vs morning tows as well. Additional samples might also detect statistically significant differences in species composition for low vs high tide samples, as the species by species comparisons might suggest. Tidal flow evidently does not affect species composition, although a strong current can affect the distance covered or speed of a 10 minute tow.
However, to obtain an adequate number of samples to negate the variability caused by time of day and perhaps also tidal height would be logistically very difficult. Indeed, if one were to take an adequate sample by those factors, it is possible that seasonal variation or disturbance would affect the large number of samples instead. Therefore, careful interpretation of a smaller number of trawl samples seems appropriate for studies in Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary. This interpretation is aided by small sampling projects such as presented in this paper. V esf &?
Small, D. 1986c Fish colonization of a newly restored salt marsh in the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary Washington, D.C.S Office of Sanctuary Programs, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Vertebrates, Chordates Final Report F not here < ?
Small, D.J. 1983U Some aspects of the early fish colonization patterns in newly created wetland habitat 1-35 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratoriesu Vertebrates, Chordates, Elkhorn Slough, fish, food web, ecology, sampling methods, benthic, baseline characterization Unpublished Student Report The purpose of this study was to examine the early colonization patterns of fishes into the newly created Estuarine Sanctuary. Studies of this type are important as baseline information for estuarine management decisions and as steps toward the understanding of colonization processes after natural or man-made environmental disturbances. Rare is the occasion to study a developing estuairne system, such that the opportuntites for research offered by the Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary should be exploited to the fullest extent.
Some of the patterns observed during this study include:
1) It is clear that certain sizes of fish were captured more effeciently by a certain type of gear. Therefore, it is probable that the species list is not complete and that of the species samples, only certain sizes were sampled. A complete picture of the distribution throughout the marsh restoration project would require a more intensive sampling effort and a wider range of sampling gear.
2) Seine samples were almost entirely comprised of topsmelt. Topsmelt were also captured by gill nets.
3)Staghorn sculpin were caught approximately two weeks after the opening of the main channel and consistently after that time. The presence of staghorn sculpin appears to coincide with the tremendous increase in crab densities - the sculpins main prey species is Hemigrapsus.
4)The tremendous increase in Hemigrapsus can be pinpointed nearly to the day. It appears as though a wave of crabs traveled down the main channel and colonized the main channel in densities similar to those found in Long Canyon.
5) Abundance of piscivorous predators - birds, raccoons, and harbor seals - have increased in the study area.
6) Diversity indices indicated that fish diversity increased after the opening of the main channel.
The patterns seen in this study development after only six weeks. It will be interesting to follow the new marsh development over the soring and summer when much of the slough's reproductive fishes are at their peak. F esf? Smith, A.
Gordon, M. 1948K The marine mollusks and brachypods of Monterey Bay, California and vicinity 147-2451 Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 26$ Invertebrates, Mollusca, Brachyopoda I not here $want abstract` ?
Smith, C. 1982 First addendum archaeological survey report for a proposed borrow area for Elkhorn Slough Bridge replacement project at Moss Landing, California Rohnert Park, CA2 Cultural Resources Center, Sonoma State UniversityJ Archaeological Data; bridge; human impacts; Elkhorn Slough; marsh; estuary Report H not here ?
Smith, E.H. & Associates, 1977: A preliminary report on a baseline study of Elkhorn Slough 1-91 Kaiser Engineers Elkhorn SloughT Part of 316(a) demonstration program for Moss Landing Power Plant, Units 1-5 of PG&E M not here c?
Smith, J.G. 1997> Pesticide Fact Sheets and Pesticide Hazard Rating Coefficients Jƿ? j ! Smith, J. Gary
Nitsos, Richard J. 1969V Age and growth studies of English sole, Parophrys vetulus, in Monterey Bay, California 74-79, Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission Bulletin 7} English sole, Parophrys vetulus, Monterey Bay, growth, age, Elkhorn Slough, fish, flatfish, marine, benthic, pelagic, ecologyc 1) English sole are fished commercially in the eastern Pacific coastal waters from British Columbia to southern California. It is the second most important flatfish landed in California.
2) Age determination were made using interopercular bones from sole collected by beach seine and otter trawl for biological purposes.
3) the use of a binocular microscope and a photographic enlarger to project interopercular images enhanced reading of annuli whereby 79% agreement was achieved on the first reading, and 96% when differences were resolved.
4) Interopercular annuli are considered valid age indicators since length-frequency modes correspond closely to average lengths determined for English sole in age classes I and II. Studies of marginal growth indicate annulus formation occurs between December and February.
5) A relationship was established between total fish length and interopercular length that is applicable to either sex: The combined equation is Y=0.403X + 1.77, where Y=total length in cm and X=interopercular length (3.4X) in mm.
6) Calculated mean, maximum, and minimum lengths at age I were determined from English sole representing 10 year classes. These data indicate a mean length (total length) of 13.5 cm with a range of 12.9 to 15.0 cm at age I.
7) Calculated age-length data for the study period were used in fitting a von Bertalanffy growth equation. F not here Pac. Mar. Fish. Comm. Bull. ?
Smith, R.E. 1970@ Background for a proposed NSF research project on Elkhorn Slough 1-7 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories5 Elkhorn Slough; research; national science foundation Unpublished Student Paper M not hereQ? Smith, R.E. 1972[ Chemical and physical oceanography of Monterey Bay, Elkhorn Slough, and Moss Landing Harbor 22-44@ Environmental Studies of Monterey Bay and the Central California Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories' chemistry; oceanography; Elkhorn Slough Coastal Zone Progress Report C, WP ?
Smith, R. E. 1973I The hydrography of Elkhorn Slough, a shallow California coastal embayment 1-88 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Nutrients, Sediments, Elkhorn Slough, Hydrography, Ocean tides, Harbors, Inlets, Temperature, Salinit,y, Dissolved gases, Diurnal variations, Fresh water, Oxygen, Primary biological productivity, Respiration, Phosphates, California, Moss Landing Harbor, Sea Grant program, Embayments Technical Publicationy From October 1970 through February 1972, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, secchi depth and five major nutrients were observed at approximately monthly intervals in Elkhorn Slough and Moss Landing Harbor. In addition, similar hourly observations were made during two tidal studies during the wet and dry seasons. From the salinity measurements during the summer, a salt balance for Elkhorn Slough is formulated and mean eddy diffusion coefficients are determined. The diffusion model applied to longitudinal phosphate distributions yielded a mean diffusive flux of 12 kg PO4-3/day (140 microgram-at/m2/day) for the area above the mean tidal prism. Consistent differences, apparently due to differing regeneration rates, were observed in the phosphate and nitrogen distributions. Bottom sediments are proposed as a possible source for phosphate and as a sink for fixed nitrogen.
Dairy farms located along central Elkhorn Slough are apparently a source for reduced nitrogen. During summer, nitrogen was found to be limiting nutrient for primary production in the upper slough.
Tidal observations indicated fresh water of high nutrient concentration consistently entered the harbor from fresh water sources to the south. This source water had a probable phosphate concentration of 40 to 60 mircrogram-at/1 and seasonally varying P:N ratio of 1:16 and 1:5 during the winter and summer respectively. W CASUC-MLML-TP-73-02 esf? Smith, R.E. 1974I The hydrography of Elkhorn Slough, a shallow California coastal embayment San Jose, CA San Jose State University Nutrients, Sediments, Elkhorn Slough, Hydrography, Ocean tides, Harbors, Inlets, Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved gases, Diurnal variations, Fresh water, Oxygen, Primary biological productivity, Respiration, Phosphates, California, Moss Landing Harbor, Embayments M.A. Thesisy From October 1970 through February 1972, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, secchi depth and five major nutrients were observed at approximately monthly intervals in Elkhorn Slough and Moss Landing Harbor. In addition, similar hourly observations were made during two tidal studies during the wet and dry seasons. From the salinity measurements during the summer, a salt balance for Elkhorn Slough is formulated and mean eddy diffusion coefficients are determined. The diffusion model applied to longitudinal phosphate distributions yielded a mean diffusive flux of 12 kg PO4-3/day (140 microgram-at/m2/day) for the area above the mean tidal prism. Consistent differences, apparently due to differing regeneration rates, were observed in the phosphate and nitrogen distributions. Bottom sediments are proposed as a possible source for phosphate and as a sink for fixed nitrogen.
Dairy farms located along central Elkhorn Slough are apparently a source for reduced nitrogen. During summer, nitrogen was found to be limiting nutrient for primary production in the upper slough.
Tidal observations indicated fresh water of high nutrient concentration consistently entered the harbor from fresh water sources to the south. This source water had a probable phosphate concentration of 40 to 60 mircrogram-at/1 and seasonally varying P:N ratio of 1:16 and 1:5 during the winter and summer respectively. W
? Smith, R.K. 1987Q Fossilization potential in modern shallow-water benthic foraminiferal assemblages 117-122! Journal of Foraminiferal Research 17 2 Protozoa, Invertebrates, Paleozoology, Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Nomenclature and Terminology, Holocene, Community, Species Abundance, Taxonomic Composition, Monterey Bay, California, Alaska, Bennett Slouh, Elkhorn Slough, Forams, marine, planktonic, fossils, paleontology Selected Holocene shallow-water benthic foraminiferal assemblages illustrate significant taphonomic differences in transition from living to total accumulated to fossil assemblages. One subtropical fauna is composed of approximately 225 living, mostly calcareous, species. Empty tests of more than 40 other species also were found. Five (abundant) species dominate numerically, 10 more are common, and another 25 are numerically significant; species equitability or evenness is relatively high. The total assemblage (living plus dead) appears to have high fossilization potential. Two calcareous and one agglutinated species strongly dominate a living fauna from Alaskan waters. The aggglutinated tests disaggregate easily, whereas the two calcareous dominants remain in the death and fossil assemblages along with as many as 25 other species. Loss of the agglutinated species means a significant percent of specimens are lost and the dominance pattern alters greatly. Yet, the taxonomic composition and diversity (number of species) is little changed. Quite different relationships were observed among three faunas living in a slough off Monterey Bay, California. (1) Moist bottom mud of a very-high-tide pond supports two abundant and one less-abundant living agglutinated species. The dry sediment yields no tests. (2) Seven living and two fossil species constitute the assemblage from a nearby high-tide pond. One calcareous perforate, one imperforate and one agglutinated taxon are common. (3) As many as 21 mainly living (two are dead), mostly calcareous species compose an assemblage from a nearby tidal channel. Two calcareous and two agglutinated taxa dominate numerically. The calcareous tests dissolve and agglutinated tests collapse and soon disaggregate upon the individual's death at these three sites. Thus these living faunas show little to no fossilization potential. Here, then, are cases in which the fossilization potential (1) is high for the total assemblages, (2) is high for many taxa but very low for an important faunal element, and (3) is nil. Such differences illustrate the difficulties encountered in attempting to relate many fossil assemblages to their living communities and to compare then with one another. I, G esf ? Snyder, J.O. 1913? The fishes of the streams tributary to Monterey Bay, California 42-72# Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 32c Vertebrates, Chordates, Monterey Bay, freshwater, rivers, fish, taxonomy, distribution, systematics The present paper deals with the fishes of the streams tributary to Monterey Bay, California. It contains a systematic recordof the species, a discussion of their relationships, and an attempt to account for their present distribution. It involves some of the results of a prolonged investigation of western fluvial fishes which has been based primarily on material collected by agents of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. A microscopic examination of the scales has in some cases revealed reliable specific characters, and photographic illustrations are given. The proportional measurements of specimens are recorded in hundredths of the length from tip of snout to end of last caudal vertebra.
The streams that were examined are: San Lorenzo River, Soquel Creek, Aptos Creek, Pajaro River, and Salinas River.
The species examined include:
1) Entosphenus tridentatus - three-toothed lamprey
2) Catostomus mniotiltus - Pajaro sucker
3) Orthodon microlepidotus - Blackfish
4) Lavinia ardesiaca - Silver minnow
5) Ptychocheilus grandis - Sacramento pike
6) Hesperoleucus venustus - Venus roach
7) Hesperoleucus navarroensis - Navarro roach
8) Hesperoleucus parvipinnis - short-finned roach
9) Hesperoleucus mitrulus - Northern roach
10) Hesperoleucus subditus - Monterey roach
11) Agosia carringtoni - California dace
12) Salmo irideus - Rainbow trout
13) Oncorhynchus tschawytscha - Chinook salmon
14) Oncorhynchus kisutch - Silver salmon
15) Gasterosteus cataphractus - Stickleback
16) Archoplites interruptus - Sacramento perch
17) Hysterocarpus traski - Fresh-water viviparous perch
18) Cottus asper - Prickly bullhead
19) Cottus aleuticus - Aleutian bullhead
20) Cottus gulosus - Rifflefish F esf ?
Sohst, P.M.
Prest, H.P.G PCBs and pesticides in shark serum from Monterey Bay and Elkhorn Slough 1-5 Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, Vertebrates, Chordates, fishes, sharks, elasmobranches, marine, estuary, pelagic, demersal, physiology, biochemistry, contaminants, pollution, pesticide Reportv Blood samples were taken from pelagic sharks in Monterey Bay and from sharks in Elkhorn Slough. The serum portion was separated, extracted, fractionated, and analyzed. Although the most prevalent component in the serum of all sharks was p,p-DDE, significant differences appeared in the chromatographic patterns of pelagic sharks versus those from Elkhorn Slough. Pelagic Blue Shark p,p-DDE concentrations were around 7 ng/g serum and most other components were below or near the detection limit. Serum of sharks of Elkhorn Slough showed higher OC concentrations than found in the pelagic sharks with DDEconcentrations at 8 ng/g serum (Leopard shark) and 62 ng/g serum (Smooth-hound). These differences between pelagic and estuarine sharks reflect in part differences between land based and globally distributed contaminants. However, these differences may imply interesting metabolisms. F esf ?
Soil Conservation Service, 1973 Soils of Monterey County Salinas, CA U. S. Soil Conservation Service soils; geology G?
Soil Conservation Service, 1978* Soil survey of Monterey County, California 1-228 Salinas, CA U.S. Department of Agriculture] soils, soil types, ElkhornSlough, resource management, conservation, agriculture, terrestrial Report This report contains:
1) soil maps for detailed planning
2) use and management of the soils
3) formation, morphology, and classification of soils
4) environmental factors affecting soil use G have table of contents only esf ?
Soil Conservation Service, 1984P Watershed area study: Strawberry Hills target area, Monterey County, California. 1-235 Davis, California. U.S. Department of Agriculture Elkhorn Slough, Strawberry Hills, terrestrial, watershed, pollution, erosion, agricultural practices, conservation, resource management Technical Report2 This Technical Report is the second part of the Strawberry Hills Target Area Watershed Area Study Report. The purpose of the Technical Report is to assist the Target Area Team, Salinas Field Office, and private consultants develop erosion control and implementation plans for individual owners.
This report contains information regarding:
1) economic summary
2) erosion field data summary
3) practice evaluation and selection
4) design aids
5) selected conservation practices, typical designs and costs
6) temporary practices
7) problems and corrective actions M esf ?
Soil Conservation Service, 1985( Strawberry Hills erosion control program Salinas, CA Soil Conservation Service agriculture; erosion; soil M not here ?
I Soil Conservation Service,
Monterey Coast Resource Conservation District, 1994N Elkhorn Slough Watershed Project: Monterey and San Benito Counties, California 1-83 Davis, CA U.S. Department of Agriculture Elkhorn Slough, plants, terrestrial, agricultural practices, erosion, run off, pesticides, pollution, sedimentation, resource management,1 Fianl Watershed Plan and Environmental Assessment This document describes a plan to reduce erosion and sediment damage and non-point source pollution in Elkhorn and Moro Cojo Sloughs and their watersheds. The plan proposes establishment of a team to provide technical assistance to growers on the installation of the land treatment practices to reduce erosion and resulting sedimentation and pesticide transport. Special focus will be given to assisting ethnic minority farmers and strawberry growers. The goal of the project is to reduce sediment yield by 50 percent. The recommended plan stresses the socioeconomic aspects of the delivery of technical assistance, rather than specific conservation practices. Alternatives presented include no action and the recommended plan. M* Also have a copy of a draft of this report esf ? Solem, Icarus Peter 2000 Estimation of uncultured ammonia-oxidizing bacterial diversity in Elkhorn Slough sediment communities based on direct recovery of sequence information from 16S rRNA and ammonia monooxygenase genes 1-99 Department of Marine Sciences Santa Cruz, CA$ University of California, Santa Cruzl Microbial ecology, California, Elkhorn Slough, Biogeochemical cycles, Marine microbiology, Marine sediments M.S. Thesis Z not here UCSC Science Stacks: QR106 .S65 #? l Sorensen, F. E.
Lindberg, D. R. 1991y Preferential predation by American black oystercatchers on transitional ecophenotypes of the limpet Lottia pelta (Rathke) 123-1362 Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 154 1 Crypsis, Habitat Selection, Haematopus bachmani, Lottia pelta, rocky Intertidal, Disturbance, animal Behavior, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Gastropoda, limpets, Point Piedras Blancas, California, birds, marine, ecology, prey choiceV Three ecophenotypic forms (rock, Egregia, Mytilus) of the limpet Lottia pelta (Rathke) are described. When ecophenotypes move among substrata their shell color and morphology change, and an ontogenetic record of past microhabitats is preserved in the shell. Collections of prey items from American black oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani Audubon nest sites along the central California coast demonstrate that specimens of L. pelta that have changed substrata occur at a significantly higher frequency than would be expected based on their presence in the adjacent rocky intertidal, and we propose that the discontinuities in shell pattern make these limpets more obvious to visual predators such as oystercatchers. Limpet shells indicate that the direction of movement is primarily from unstable (Mytilus and Egregia habitats) to stable (rock) substrata. If http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T8F-48BK8MV-2C&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F06%2F1991&_rdoc=6&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235085%231991%23998459998%23417581%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5085&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=6&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=99631dcc04d3870ecb5de1603a8046e2 not ES esf ? k Sousa, W.P. 1983 Host life history and the effect of parasitic castration on growth: A field study of Cerithidea californica Haldeman (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) and its trematode parasites 273-2962 Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 73 Invertebrates, Mollusca, Gastropoda, mud snail, parasites, Trematodes, Platyhelminthes, Bolinas Lagoon, marine, estuary, benthic, ecology, parasitism, growth rates( The prevalence of parasitic infection by larval trematodes in natural populations of the mud snail, Cerithidea californica Haldeman, was found to increase with snail length; all snails >= 33 mm were infected. Distributions of infections by the seven most common larval trematodes were heterogeneous due to two species being more common then expected in the smaller size classes of snails, two being more common than expected in the larger size-classes of snails and three species being most prevalent in snails of intermediate length. The relative abundance of trematodes in different size-classes these distributional patterns.
A mark-recapture field study of snail growth rates failed to demonstrate that parasitic infection causes gigantism in Cerithidea. Parasitism tended to stunt the growth of juvenile snails and to a lesser degree, that of adult snails. The effects of trematodes on snail growth was shown to be species specific. This finding contrasts with those of earlier studies in which gigantic growth was observed in infected snails. This discrepancy is attributed to differences in the life histories of the host snail. It is predicted that gigantism will occur commonly in short-lived or semelparous species of snails but rarely, if ever, in long-lived iteoparous species which are predominately marine. If http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T8F-48898DC-FW&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F20%2F1983&_rdoc=6&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235085%231983%23999269996%23411481%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5085&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=7&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=003f5b3e4adca2b2846cb1ccb0c5a57f esf ? Sousa, W. P. 1991N Can models of soft-sediment community structure be complete without parasites? 821-830 American Zoologist 31 69 Mercenaria mercenaria, Ilyanassa obsoleta, Wasting Disease, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, Trematode Parasitism, Infectious Diseases, Population Biology, Trophic Structure, Seagrass Cover, Bivalve, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Gastropoda, parasites, Trematodes, Platyhelminthes, Bolinas Lagoon, California, ecology, estuary Most of the organisms that live in marine, soft-sediment environments are hosts for parasites. Rates of infection by micro- or macroparasites can be quite high, but vary in space and time. Despite the prevalence of parasites, their potential influence on soft-sediment communities is poorly understood. None of the conceptual models of soft-sediment community structure or dynamics published to date considers the impact of parasitism. A variety of potential direct and indirect effects of parasites on host populations and communities are discussed. The greatest challenge for future research in this area is the development of experimental methods for manipulating the abundance of parasites under field conditions. R esf
m? j Sousa, W. P. 1993P Size-dependent predation on the salt-marsh snail Cerithidea californica Haldeman 19-372 Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 166 1U Horn Snail, Larval Trematode, Lined Shore Crab, Salt Marsh, Size-Dependent Predation, Willet, Optimal Foraging Theory, Carcinus maenas, Prey Size, Zooplankton Communities, Callinectes sapidus, Shore Crab, Blue crab, Vulnerability, Mortality, Host, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Bolinas Lagoon, California, estuarine, benthic, ecologyb Predation by crabs and shorebirds on the salt-marsh snail Cerithidea californica Haldeman was investigated with laboratory feeding experiments, a field mark-recapture study, and by examining shorebird regurgitation pellets. In Bolinas Lagoon, the field site of the study, the primary predators of Cerithidea are the grapsid crab Pachygrapsus crassipes Rathbun and the willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Gmelin. In the laboratory, male Pachygrapsus of three different size classes were offered snails of six different shell lengths. The average and maximum sizes of consumed snails increased and the proportion of snails in the smallest size class that were eaten declined, with increasing crab size. In a separate comparison of male and female crabs, males ate larger snails on average than did females of equal size. Shell sculpture in the form of varices appeared to reduce the rate of successful attack by crabs, but crabs cirumvented this defense in several ways. Rates of predation by a natural population of Pachygrapsus on marked and released Cerithidea were measured over a 10-wk period in summer. The local crab population consumed marked snails of a wide range of sizes. Larger snails suffered lower rates of predation, however, there was no evidence of an absolutely invulnerable snail size. There was no difference in the rates of predation on snails that were parasitized larval trematodes and those that were uninfected. Rates of predation on marked snails varied widely, and in a density-independent manner, among the 10 snail subpopulations into which they had been released. The density of crabs living in the immediate vicinity of a snail subpopulation was the best predictor of local variation in predation rates. The sizes of Cerithidea preyed upon by willets were determined by measuring shells in willet regurgitation pellets. This shorebird consumes much smaller snails on average than does the local crab population. Considering the broad diet of willets and experimental results of others, it appears that predation by shorebirds can sometimes depress the density of small Cerithidea, but its impact is highly variable in space and time and apparently density-independent. Living snails were found in several willet regurgitation pellets, suggesting that transport in the crop/gizzard of a bird is a potential mechanism of Cerithidea dispersal within and among coastal lagoons. If http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T8F-488834F-6D&_user=10&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F1993&_rdoc=3&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235085%231993%23998339998%23410654%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5085&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=9&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=2d7883e1cb0a8e74d4b822b671a99fb4 only have abstract esf? l Sousa, W.P.
Gleason, M. 1989 Does parasite infection compromise host survival under extreme environmental conditions? The case of Cerithidea californica (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) 456-464 Oecologia 80 4C Invertebrates, Mollusca, Gastropoda, parasites, digenean trematode, Platyhelminthes, Physiological stress, host population, Bolinas Lagoon, Ecology, Animal, Parasitism, Biochemistry, Population Dynamics, Water Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity, Mortality, Anoxia, estuary, Cerithidea californica, salt marsh, benthic, This laboratory study examined the influence of parasitic infection by larval trematodes on the survival of extreme environmental conditions by the salt marsh snail, Cerithidea californica. Experimental treatments simulated the durations, combinations, and levels of potentially lethal environmental extremes to which the snail is exposed in its natural habitat, as determined from long-term field measurements. No significant difference was found in the rates of mortality suffered by infected and uninfected snails when exposed to simulated, natural extremes of water temperature, water salinity, or exposure in air. Exposure to low levels of dissolved oxygen was the only treatment that caused differential mortality: infected snails died at higher rates than uninfected. This differential mortality was accentuated by high water temperature, and varied with the species of infecting parasite. The potential impact of this interaction between parasitism and anoxia on snail survival and population dynamics is discussed. I esf ?
Spanne, L. 1979 Elkhorn Slough bridge project0 California State Office of Historic Preservation$ Elkhorn Slough; construction; bridge Archaeological Impact Report M not here ?
Spratt, J.D. 1982C Results of sampling clammers in Elkhorn Slough during 1978 and 1979 1-12 Monterey, CA? Marine Resources Region, California Department of Fish and Game Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Elkhorn Slough, bivalves, clams, marine, estuary, benthic, fisheries, resource management, catch limits& Marine Resources Administrative Report A limit of 12 gapers and common Washington clams, in combination, may be taken from Elkhorn Slough on any minus tide. Average catch rates range from 3 to 7 clams per h on tides between 0.0 and minus 0.4 ft and increase up to 17 clams per h on tides lower than minus 1.4 ft. The size of clams taken increased with lower tides and ranged from 30 to 200 mm SD (shell diameter) for gapers and from 40 to 135 mm SD for common Washingtons. Gapers and common Washingtons averaged 119 and 100 mm SD, respectively. M, I No. 82-11 esf? % Stallard, M.
Hodge, V.
Goldberg, E.D. 1987; TBT in California coastal waters: Monitoring and assessment 195-220' Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 9 Moss Landing Harbor, invertebrates, algae, marine, benthic, surface water, sediments, contamination, pollution, aquatic toxicology, chemistry, human impact Butyltins were monitored at over eighty sites, primarily marinas, in surface waters and sediments of the California coast. Values of tributyltin (TBT) in marina waters ranged from 20 to 600 ppt while lower values were usually found in harbors and on the coast. The origin of the tributyltin is in its use as an antifouling agent in marine paints. In those marinas where the concentrations are greater than about 100 ppt, there is usually a conspicuous absence of native organisms, especially molluscs, which are among the most sensitive animals to the highly toxic TBT. The impact of TBT upon not-target organisms recalls the DDT episode of the 1970s. Increasing uses of TBT-containing antifouling paints in the future may have even more drastic effects on coastal organisms than those observed today. The conclusion is inescapable that TBT should be banned for use in commercially available marine paints. M esfW?
Stanbury, K.B. 1994 Area and height of islands as a framework for rstablishing diversity in plant species and bird visitations in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-9 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Elkhorn Slough, ecology, species diversity, Vertebrates, Chordates, birds, plants, topography, reserve design, terrestrial, island, marsh, resource management Unpublished Student Report The species-area relationship associated with island equilibrium theory is investigated as a predictor of species diversity on nine islands in the ElkhornSlough National Estuarine Research Reserve. Elevation of the islands above mean high water is also considered regarding plant species richness and bird visitation frequency. There is no linear relationship between the parameters of area and height and the species richness or frequency of bird visitations to the islands. Is is suggested that conservationists designing islands for reserves should considered not only area and height but also the slope of the island and habitat heterogeneity. P, B multiple copies (2) esf j? j + Starbird, C. H.
Baldridge, A.
Harvey, J. T. 1993 Seasonal occurrence of Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in the Monterey Bay region, with notes on other sea turtles, 1986-1991 54-62 California Fish and Game 79 2 turtles; reptiles; marine; sea Sightings of leatherback sea turtles (n=96) within 50 km of Monterey Bay, California were collected primarily from recreational boat skippers using the area from 1986 to 1991. The greatest number of sightings were recorded in August (n=47), corresponding to the highest monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST) for the study period. Leatherback sea turtles enter Monterey Bay when SST warm to 15-16 C, probably to eat seasonally abundant scyphomedusae. Coastal areas of central California that have high scyphomedusae abundance may attract leatherback sea turtles. Elevan leatherback sea turtles (1961 - 1991) and five other sea turtles (green and olive ridley, 1982 - 1991) are known to have stranded in Monterey Bay. V esf k?
. Starr, Richard M.
Cope, Jason M.
Kerr, Lisa A. 2002) Trends in fisheries and fishery resources 1-156 La Jolla$ California Sea Grant College Program fish, marine, human impact Fishery trends are summarized this updated report of the 1998 Sea Grant Publication "Fishery Resources of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary". F esf \ ?
s State of California Department of Transportation,
U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, 1980e Elkhorn Slough Bridge Replacement: Bridge No. 44-74 on Highway 1 in Monterey County Near Moss Landing Sacramento, CA0 State of California Department of TransportationS Elkhorn Slough, animals, plants, wetlands, habitat degradation, resource management Environmental Assessmentm An Environmental Assessment (Initial Study) has been prepared by the California Department of Transportaton (Caltrans). Based on this study, it has been determined that the proposed action will not have a significant effect on the environment for the following reasons:
1) There will be not change in the volume or composition of traffic
2) There will be no adverse effects on community services on the economic stability of the area.
3) The project will not have a significant impact on the biological resources of the area. There will be not effect on rare or endangered species of wildlife or plants. A wetlands area that will be lost will be replaced. The project will not affect a proposed National Wildlife Area nor will it affect a proposed National Estuarine Sanctuary. There will be no significant increase in boat traffic in the Slough.
4) No cultural or historic properties will be affected. There will be no adverse impact on archaeological resources.
5) There wil be no significant change in noise levels, air quality or water quality.
6) Aesthetics and the character of the community will remain essentially unchanged. M8 Only have table of contents and the negative declaration esf( ?
Stein, J. 1984 A comparison of the feeding ecologies of the Snowy Egret, Egretta thula, and the Common Egret, Casmerodius albus, in the South Marsh area of the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary 1-29 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Elkhorn Slough, birds, egrets, marine, estuary, shallow water, mudflats, ecology, feeding ecology, distribution, abundance, behavior Unpublished Student Report Conclusions:
1) Snowy Egrets were more abundant in the study area than Common Egrets, however, numbers varied considerably from day to day.
2) Highest mean numbers of both species were counted during the morning hours when tides were low.
3) Snowy Egrets were observed in groups more often than Common Egrets and they had a more varied feeding repertoire.
4) Snowy Egrets made more strikes per minute than Common Egrets, but a higher proportion were unsuccessful. The percentage of successful versus unsuccessful strikes varied with the tide for Snowy Egrets but remained nearly equal for the Common Egret.
5) All prey observed caught by the egrets were identified as fish. Topsmelt appeared to be the most important prey taken by both species. The Common Egrets captured more large fish however.
6) The south marsh area of the Elkhorn Slough National EStuarine Sanctuary appears to provide important feeding habitat for both species of egrets.
7) A large number of individual bird observations are needed in order to substantiate the above conclusions statistically. Multivariate analyzes are recommended for testing the effects combined factors have on the feeding ecology of the egrets. B multiple copies (2) esf x ?
4 Stenzel, L.E.
Kjelmyr, J.E.
Page, G.W.
Shuford, W.D. 1989| Results of the first comprehensive shorebird census of northern and central California Coastal wetlands: 8-12 September 1988 1-27 Stinson Beach, CA Point Reyes Bird Observatoryf Elkhorn Slough, birds, shorebirds, estuary, ecology, baseline characterization, survey, Pacific flyway Report During the period 8-12 September 1988, 345 observers counted shorebirds at six major wetlands systems, nine small wetlands and river mouths, and nine segments of outer coast shoreline between the Smith River mouth, Del Norte County, and Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County, in California. Of the 497,000 shorebirds counted, 487,000 were in the major wetland systems. The San Francisco Bay system held 78%, Humboldt Bay held 7%, Elkhorn Slough 6%, the Point Reyes/Bodega wetlands systems held 3%, Lakes Talawa and Earl held 3%, and Morro Bay held 3% of the birds in major wetlands systems.
The critical importance of shorebirds of all the major wetlands systems covered by this census is apparent. The hemispheric importance of the San Francisco Bay system, first documented in sprin 1988, was reaffirmed. Within the San Francisco Bay system the South Bay was confirmed as a region of hemispheric importance on both spring and fall counts. San Pablo Bay is also likely to emerge as a discrete area of hemispheric importance, capable of supporting over 250,000 shorebirdsin the course of a year.
IN addition, two of the wetlands systems, Humboldt Bay and Elkhorn Slough, contained over 30,000 shorebirds on the fall counts. Such sites are recognized as having regional importance to shorebirds. Lakes Talawa and Earl, the Point Reyes/Bodega wetland system, and Morro Bay will probably also be revealed as sites of regional significance after more censuses are conducted.
The species composition of the shorebirds differed among the six major wetland systems and between wetlands and the outer coast shoreline. Shorebirds abundance and species and species composition also differed between the north and south regions of Humboldt Bay, among the six wetlands in the Point Reyes/Bodega wetland system, and among four regions within San Francisco Bay. These differences demonstrated that coastal wetlands in California vary within and among themselves in terms of the resources provided to different species of shorebirds. B multiple copies (2) esf
m? m Stenzel, Lynne E.
Warriner, Jane C.
Warriner, John S.
Wilson, Katherine S.
Bidstrup, Frances C.
Page, Gary W. 1994J Long-distance breeding dispersal of snowy plovers in western North America 887-902 Journal of Animal Ecology 63 4 Charadrius alexandrinus, Charadriiformes, birds, climatology, Ecology, Estuarine Ecology, Physiology, Behavior, Genetics, Reproductive System, California, USA, movement, Breeding Site Fidelity, Female Mate Choice, Gender Differences, Habitat Use, Monterey Bay, Nesting Absence, Nesting Activity, Nesting Strategy, Parental Role, Point Reyes, Polygamous Nesting, Seasonality, partial migration, Elkhorn Slough, sandy beach, dunes 1. The year-round movements and nesting activities of snowy plovers that bred on the California coast in the Monterey Bay and Point Reyes areas were closely monitored between 1984 and 1989.
2. About half of 208 females and a quarter of 190 males with histories of one or more complete breeding seasons were absent from focal nesting areas for all or part of at least one breeding season. The incidence of such absences in the population was 41% in females and 16% in males, as estimated from regular nesters at the focal areas.
3. Partial-season absence was far more common than entire-season absence for regular nesters in the focal areas. Presence for partial-seasons was more common than presence for entire seasons for irregular nesters in the focal areas.
4. Of 147 plovers with any absences, 25 females and 14 males were found during the breeding season from 50 to 1140 (median = 175) km from their study area nesting sites. Positive or highly suggestive evidence of nesting at alternative locations was documented for 16 females and seven males. Movements were both north and south. We found evidence only for movements of individuals, not pairs.
5. Winter migrants were more likely than residents to make long-distance movements, a phenomenon partly attributable to birds that typically migrate to their nesting area making occasional nesting attempts on their wintering grounds. During years that the nesting season began exceptionally early at one focal area, some winterers made very early nesting attempts and in years in which they returned before July, some made late attempts in their wintering areas.
6. There was no relationship between breeding success and long-distance movement.
7. The large difference between female and male long-distance breeding dispersal rates is hypothesized to be due to the species' variable and widely spaced nesting habitat, polygamous nesting strategy. parental roles, and possibly the exercise of female mate choice. B esf T ?
Stephens, L.A. 1930 A Lagoon in September 3 The Gull 12 11 ?
Stephenson, M.
Kaplan, K.B.< Sea Otter Toxicity Screening - Moss Landing / Elkhorn Slough Moss Landing California Fish and Game"?
_ Stephenson, M.
Smith, D.
Ichikawa, G.
Goetzl , J.
Eastman, S.
Manera, M.
Bennett, J.
Martin, M. 1985< State Mussel Watch Program preliminary data report 1984-1985 1-84 Monterey, CA& California Department of Fish and Game Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution, Elkhorn Slough, aquatic toxicology, marine, estuary1 Report to the State Water Resources Control Boardb The data are summarized in Appendices I-IV. Appendix I contains information on the collections. Appendix II contains the synthetic organic hydrocarbon data. Appendices III-IV are summaries and individual data for the trace metal analyses. Appendix V is a summary of the State Mussel Watch procedures for collection, metal, and synthetic organic analyses. I esf ?
J Stephenson, M.
Smith, D.
Ichikawa, G.
Goetzl, J.
Laurendine, W.
Martin, M. 1987< State Mussel Watch Program preliminary data report 1986-1987 1-110
Monterey, CA.& California Department of Fish and Game Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution, Elkhorn Slough, aqautic toxicology, marine , estuary1 Report to the State Water Resources Control Board7 The data are summarized in Appendices I-VIII. Appendices I and II contain station information on the collection of trace metal and synthetic organic samples, respectively. Appendix III contains the synthetic organic hydrocarbon data and Appendix IV contains the trace metal data. Appendix V is a summary of the selenium analyses, conducted as part of the State Water Resources Control Boards's Selenium project. Appendix VI is a summary of the samples that were not recovered. Appendix VII contain station information and data for TBT samples. Appendix VIII is a summary of State Mussel Watch procedures for collection and analysis of trace metals and synthetic organics in mussels and freshwater clams and contains the trace metal results from the analysis of the National Bureau of Standards, Standard Reference Material. I esf/?
> Stephenson, M.
Smith, D.
Ichikawa, G.
Goetzl , J.
Martin, M. 1986< State Mussel Watch Program preliminary data report 1985-1986 1-92 Monterey, CA& California Department of Fish and Gamew Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution, Elkhorn Slough, aquatic toxicology1 Report to the State Water Resources Control Board The data are summarized on Appendices I-V. Appendicies I and II contain station information on the collection of trace metal and synthetic organic samples, respectively. Appendix III contains the synthetic organic hydrocarbon data and Appendix IV contains the trace metal data (mean +- s.d.). Appendix V is a summary of barium and cobolt analyses of two samples, conducted for the RWQCB, Region 9. Appendix VI is a summary of the State Mussel Watch procedures for collection and analysis of trace metals and synthetic organics in mussels and freshwater clams and contains the trace metal results for the analysis of National Bureau of Standards Standard Reference Material. I esf ?
4 Stephenson, M.D.
Coale, S.L.
Martin, M.
Martin, J.H. 1980 California Mussel Watch: 1979-80. Part I: Trace metal concentrations in the California mussel, Mytilus californianus, and the bay mussel, M. edulis, along the California coast and selected harbors and bays 1-101 Sacramento, CAH Surveillance and Monitoring Section, State Water Resources Control Board Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution, estuary, harbor, Monterey Bay, aquatic toxicology, Pacific Grove Water Quality Monitoring ReportY As part of an ongoing coastal monitoring program, mussels were collected from twelve open coast sites and analyzed for aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, silver, and zinc. Royal Palms, Corona del Mar, and Santa Catalina Island are notable "hot spots" for copper, lead, silver and zinc. San Francisco Bay, Los Angeles City and County municipal outfalls, Newport Harbor, and the Point Loma and/or Mission Bay municipal outfalls appear to be important sources of trace metals to the open coastal sites. Monitoring was expanded significantly into bays and estuaries during 1979-80. California mussels, collected from a "clean" reference area, were transplanted to twenty four bay stations. Marine del Rey stands out as most polluted station investigated for copper, lead, and zinc. Los Angeles Harbor and Santa Catalina Island mussels display high concentrations of lead and silver. San Diego mussels are high in zinc. In general, resident bay mussels collected for comparative purposes reflected these trends although different uptake patterns were observed in the two species examined.
From data collected at bay stations, it appears that mussel tissue concentrations of copper, lead and zinc are correlated; likewise cadmium, chromium and nickel are correlated. Zinc is negatively correlated with incremental growth and condition indices, suggesting a possible adverse effect of zinc on mussels.
Analysis of archive samples collected eight to nine years ago suggests that lead levels have increased. The other metals have not decreased substantially as has been reported for PCB's and DDT. IQ One bound report contains two parts: Stevenson et al. 1980 and Martin et al. 1980 80-8 esf ?
k Stephenson, M.D.
Coale, S.L.
Martin, M.
Smith, D.
Armbrust, E.
Faurot, E.
Allen, B.
Cutter, L.
Ichikawa, G.
Goetzl , J.
Martin, J. 1982 California Mussel Watch: 1980-81. Part II: Trace metal concentrations in the California mussel, Mytilus californianus, from California's coast, bays, and estuaries 1-77 Sacramento, CAE Surveillance and Monitoring Unit, State Water Resources Control Board Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution, estuary, harbor, Elkhorn Slough, aquatic toxicology Water Quality Monitoring Report The State Mussel Watch (SMW) Marine Monitoring Program fulfills the State Water Resource Control Board's (SWRCB) objective of providing the State with a monitoring system to document and assess long term trends in selected indicators of the quality of coastal marine and estuarine waters.
Based on the identification of potential problem areas between 1977 and 1979, intensive sampling of these areas was implemented in 1980. Such a sampling strategy was intended to confirm previous findings, to establish the magnitude of the potential problem, and to identify the location of pollutant sources. In order to monitor bays and harbors, a study was implemented using transplanted mussels. In this case, transplant stock was obtained from a relatively trace metal-free station (Bodega Head) and transplanted to the bays and harbors of interest.
This report presents the findings of the 1980-81 SMW program. The trace metals analyzed in mussel tissue include silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se), and Zinc (Zn). Analytical methods for two of these elements, arsenic and selenium, were developed by SMW during 1980-81. I, One bound report contains Part I, II and III 81-11 TS esf? Stephenson, M.D.
Leonard, G.H. 1994 Evidence for the decline of silver and lead and the increase of copper from 1977 to 1990 in the coastal marine waters of California 148-153 Marine Pollution Bulletin 28 3 Pollution Assessment Control and Management, Waste Management, Biochemistry, Silver, Ag, Lead, Pb, copper, Cu, Nearctic region, Resource Management, Toxicology, Sewage Disposal and Sanitary Measures, Water Pollution, Herbicides, Co-Polymer Anti-Fouling Paint, Effective Reclamation, Increased Vessel Traffic, Leaded Gasoline Use, North Pacific Ocean, Wastewater Emission Rates, Invertebrate, mussels, Monterey Bay Data collected from 1977 to 1990 by the California State Mussel Watch programme was analysed for long-term trends in silver, copper and lead at 20 sites along the California coast. 75% of the sites showed a clear trend in at least one heavy metal. Changes were evident in contaminated harbours as well as remote sites. 55% of the sites showed significant decreases in silver, 25% increased in copper and 40% decreased in lead. Declines in silver and lead appear related to decreased mass emission rates by wastewater treatment facilities, more effective reclamation efforts, and decreases in the use of leaded gasoline. Increase in copper appear related to increased vessel traffic and use of new, copolymer anti-fouling paints. These results suggest that the coastal waters of California are becoming cleaner, at least with respect to silver and lead. However, trends in copper are disturbing. These and other sites should continue to be monitored to document the status of copper and other trace metals in the environment. Ci http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6N-488Y94W-23M&_user=10&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F1994&_rdoc=18&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235819%231994%23999719996%23413413%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5819&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=33&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=8fc95df362b798f4e1dcc78c05a9c60a esf H ?
X A Stephenson, M.D.
Martin, M.
Lange, S.E.
Flegal, A.R.
Martin, J.H. 1979x California Mussel Watch 1977-1978. Volume II: Trace metal concentrations in the California mussel, Mytilus californianus 1-110 Sacramento, CAH Surveillance and Monitoring Section, State Water Resources Control Board Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution, aquatic toxicology, monitoring, estuary, Monterey Bay Water Quality Monitoring Report The California mussel, Mytilus californianus, was analyzed for cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, silver, zinc, aluminum, iron, and manganese at thirty-two stations along the California coast. Samples were collected on four occasions in 1977 and 1978. Lead, silver, and zinc in mussel tissue were highly correlated with metropolitan areas. Areas with significant accumulations of lead, silver, and zinc in mussels are San Diego-La Jolla Ecological Reserve Area of Special Biological Significance (ASBS), Newport Beach Marine Life Refuge ASBS, Santa Catalina Island West ASBS, Royal Palms State Beach, Anacapa Island ASBS, Mugu Lagoon to Latigo Point ASBS, Pacific Grove Marine Gardens ASBS, and the Farallon Islands ASBS. Proposed FDA alert levels for the protection of shellfish harvesting were exceeded at ten of the 32 stations. Mercury levels were below FDA shellfish standards for human consumption, but were elevated above background levels at locations with marine mammal populations. I No. 79-22 esf? + Stephenson, M.D.
Martin, M.
Tjeerdema, R.S. 1995W Long-term trends in DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls, and chlordane in California mussels 443-4506 Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 28 Elkhorn Slough, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, monitoring, pollution, aquatic toxicology, human impacts The California State Mussel Watch program is a long-term monitoring program conducted by the State Water Resources Control Board and the Department of Fish and Game. In a fifteen year time span, from 1977-1992, mussels were collected at 378 stations. From these stations, 47 were chosen to -conduct statistical analysis based on the criteria that they had been sampled at least 6 times for total DDTs, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and total chlordanes. Declines of total DDTs and chlordanes were noted at approximately half of the stations. Declines of total PCBs were noted at approximately one-quarter of the stations. Declines of PCBs but not DDTs in mussels near Los Angeles County's sewer discharge corresponded to declines of these contaminants in treated effluent. I esf ?
Stevens, T.P. 1988N California State Mussel Watch 1986-87: Marine water quality monitoring program 1-140 Sacramento, CA# State Water Resources Control Board Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilus, water quality, biomonitoring, pollution, aquatic toxicology, Elkhorn Slough, marine, estuary Water Quality Monitoring Report All results for the 1986-87 SMW monitoring year, with the exception of tributyltin data, are presented in appendicular tables. Appendix C lists pertinent information about the 1986-87 SMW monitoring stations. Results, by station, for metals and organics are listed in Appendix D. Trace metal data are listed using both dry weight (Table D-1) and wet weight (Table D-2) units. Data for synthetic organic substances are listed on dry weight (Table D-3), wet weight (Table D-4) and lipid weight bases (Table D-5). Samples where USFDA Action Levels, NAS Guidelines, or medians of international standards were met or exceeded are listed in Appendices E (USFDA, NAS) or G (MIS). An expanded discussion of medians calculated for international standards is included in Appendix F. Tables H-1 through H-8 list the Elevated Data Levels (EDLs) for trace metals and organic substances applicable to resident and transplanted mussel or clam samples. Appendix I tables list the 1986-87 SMW samples for which levels met or exceeded EDL 85 and EDL 95 values.
Within the RESULTS section, Tables 7 and 8 summarize, by region and county, those instances where SMW results for 1986-87 met or exceeded slected criteria (FDA, NAS, MIS, or EDL values) for trace elements and synthetic organic substances, and include information contained in several different appendices. Tables 7 and 8 are included in order to help identify those samples results which may be considered relatively high, and which indicate locations of concern for toxic substances in the coastal marine environment. I No. 88-3 esf ? Stone, R. 1991$ Single-celled killer in Monterey Bay 1113 Science 254 pelicans, Plankton, Vertebrates, Chordates, birds, red tides, harmful algal bloom, dinoflagellate, Monterey Bay, diatoms, Nitzschia pseudoseriata, neurotoxin, domoic acid, anchovies,f A brief communication about an incidence of domoic acid poisoning of pelicans in Monterey Bay in 1991. P esf ? ' Stromberg, M. R.
Kephart, P.
Yadon, V. 2001I Composition, invasibility, and diversity in coastal California grasslands 236-252 Madrono 48 4 plants, terrestrial, management P esf ݄?
Strong, C. 1990O Bird use of the Moss Landing Wildlife Management Area, April 1988 to April 1989 1-17" Santa Clara Valley Audubon Society Vertebrates, Chordates, birds Final Report B not here?
Supplee, R. 19869 Elkhorn Slough: An analysis of management and restoration 1-7 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesQ Elkhorn Slough, disturbance, restoration, estuary, watershed, resource management Unpublished Student Reportz Like all watershed systems, the Elkhorn Slough watershed is dynamic, responding to all natural and/or human stresses. Before its designation as an Estuarine Sanctuary, it had a history of disturbances. As such it might be viewed as an altered system. The Slough poses the fundamental quetion to the environmental manager - What to restore the system to? The physical response to this question is generally under constraints of geological, historical, economical, political, and biological factors of the area to be restored. This paper will examine those constraints as they relate to the management and restoration of Elkhorn Slough. M esf ? Swartz, Richard C. 1989 Marine sediment toxicity tests 115-129: Contaminated Marine Sediments - Assessment and Remediation+ Committee on Contaminated Marine Sediments, Washington, D.C. National Academy PressG aquatic toxicology, sediment toxicology tests, marine, sediment quality Sediment toxicity tests have been developed on the basis of virtually all levels of biological organization from sub-cellular through model ecosystems. Rapid, cost-effective techniques based on acute exposure are often used in research and regulatory programs to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of sediment toxicity, and the relative toxicity of individual chemicals and complex wastes spiked into sediment. Sediment toxicity tests are part of several comprehensive methods for generating sediemnt quality criteria. Major research needs include test methods for chronic exposures, field validation of acute toxicity tests and the geochemical integrity of test materials, the relation between toxicity and the bioavailability/partitioning of contaminants in different sediment phases, models of toxicological interactions between sediment contaminants, and sediment wasteload allocation models. C, G not here7 Filed under BA (first study in packet is Barrick et al) esf ? Talent, L.G. 1973f The seasonal abundance and food of elasmobranchs occurring in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 1-58 Department of Biology Moss Landing, CAG Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and California State University Fresno Elkhorn Slough, fish, elasmobranches, sharks, rays, marine, estuary, benthic, ecology, distribution, abundance, seasonal cycles, food preferences, prey, invertebrates M.A. Thesis Elasmobranch seasonal cycles of abundance and food habits were studied in the Elkhorn Slough from October, 1971, through November, 1972.
Seven species of elasmobranchs were captured in Elkhorn Slough: leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata; bat ray, Myliobatis californica; gray smoothhound, Mustelus californicus; round stingray, Urolophus halleri; shovelnose guitarfish, Rhinobatos productus, brown smoothhound, Mustelus henlei; and thornback, Platyrhinoidis triseriata. All but the thornback and possible the brown smoothhound showed definite seasonal cycles of abundance. Round stingrays and gray smoothhounds were very abundant during the winter but much less abundant during the remainder of the year. Bay rays and shovelnose guitarfish reached a peak in abundance during the summer but were uncommonly caught during winter. Leopard sharks were captured the entire year but different size sharks were more commonly captured during some months than at other times of the year.
Elasmobranchs ate a variety of food organisms in the slough but crabs, clams, fish, fish eggs, and Urechis caupo were the most important. Gray smoothhounds, brown smoothhounds, guitarfish, and small leopard sharks fed primarily on the mud crab, Hemigrapsus oregonensis. Larger leopard sharks fed heavily on fish, crabs, Urechis caupo, fish eggs, and clams. Small bat rays ate mostly clams, while larger bat rays fed heavily on Urechis caupo in addition to clams.
Species that had much food overlap did not usually occur in the slough simultaneously. Guitarfish and gray smoothhounds both fed mainly on Hemigrapsus oregonensis, but guitarfish were abundant during the summer and gray smoothhounds abundant during the winter, therefore avoiding direct competition. Similarly, large leopard sharks and large bat rays had food habits that overlapped. Large leopard sharks were uncommon during the summer but common the rest of the year while large bat rays were common during the summer and uncommon the remainder of the year, thus preventing direct competition between the species. F esf8 ? j Talent, L.G. 1973p Albinism in embryo gray smoothhound sharks, Mustelus californicus, from Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 595-597 Copeia 3c Elkhorn Slough, Chondrichthyes, Animals, Fish, shark, Developmental Biology, genetics, pigmentation The author report an incidence of albinism in 5 out of 10 embryos contained in one female gray smoothhound. The female was collected in Elkhorn Slough. F multiple copies (2) esf~? j Talent, L.G. 1976c Food habits of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata, in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California 286-298 California Fish and Game 62 4 Chondrichthyes, Arthropods, Chordates, Crustaceans, Fish, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Urechis caupo, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, Crab, Clam, Importance, Ranking, Size, Variation, Ecology, Elkhorn Slough, Elasmobranches, marine, estuary, benthic, prey, diet Leopard sharks Triakis semifasciata (436) were collected in Elkhorn Slough , Monterey Bay, California [USA] from Oct. 1971-Nov. 1972. Of the sharks' stomachs 367 (84.2%) contained identifiable food items which were analyzed as to frequency of occurrence, percentage of total volume and numerical importance. The index of relative importance (IRI), which combines the numerical, volumetric and frequency of occurrence measurements of each prey item into 1 value, was used to rank the importance of each food item. Leopard sharks from Elkhorn Slough fed largely on crabs, clams, fish, fish eggs and the echiuroid worm, Urechis caupo. Considerable variation occurred in the diets of different sized sharks. The yellow shore crab, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, was the most important food item for sharks under 90 cm total length, but as they approached 90 cm, U. caupo and fish eggs became increasingly important. U. caupo was the most important species in the diet of sharks over 90 cm, but various species of crabs, calms and fish eggs were also important items. The diet of sharks 120-130 cm was almost evenly divided between crabs, clams, fish, fish eggs and U. caupo. Fishes were the most important food items in sharks 130-140 cm. There was no significant difference between the diet of male and female leopard sharks of similar size. Leopard sharks were able to utilize a variety of food sources in Elkhorn Slough without being dependent on any one source. F multiple copies (2) sp esf ? Talent, L.G. 1982 Food habits of the gray smoothhound, Mustelus californicus, the brown smoothhound, Mustelus henlei, the shovelnose guitarfish, Rhinobatos productus, and the bat ray, Myliobatis californica, in Elkhorn Slough, California 224-234 California Fish and Game 68 4, Elkhorn Slough, Chondrichthyes, Echiuroidea, Pelecypoda, Pisces, Animals, Arthropods, Chordates, Crustaceans, Fish, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, Cancer gracilis, Cancer productus, Cancer antennarius, Urechis caupo, Clam, Size, Animal Behavior, Ecology, Nutrition, marine, estuary The food habits of 4 elasmobranch fish, collected from Oct., 1971, through Dec., 1972, were examined. The study took place in Elkhorn Slough , a shallow estuary near Moss Landing, California [USA]. Gray smoothhound sharks fed primarily on crabs in Elkhorn Slough ; the yellow shore crab, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, was the most important food item for all sizes of gray smoothhounds, but 3 spp. of Cancer crabs [C. productus, C. gracilis and C. antennarius.] were also important food items. Brown smoothhound sharks fed mostly on crustaceans, with H. oregonensis, C. gracilis, and C. productus being the most important crustaceans; fish were important food items for larger sharks. Shovelnose guitarfish fed mostly on crustaceans, with H. oregonensis being the most important food item in all sizes of this guitarfish. Bat rays fed mostly on clams and the echiuroid worm, Urechis caupo. Small bat rays fed primarily on small clams, but there was a transition from clams as the major food source to U. caupo in bat rays > 80 cm disc width. F multiple copies (2) esf H ?
Talent, L. G. 1985v The occurrence, seasonal distribution, and reproductive condition of Elasmobranch fishes in Elkhorn Slough, California 210-219 California Fish and Game 71 4[ Chondrichthyes, Animals, Chordates, Fish, Triakis semifasciata, Myliobatis californica, Mustelus californicus, Urolophus halleri, Rhinobatos productus, Mustelus henli, Platyrhinoidis triseriata, Abundance, Conservation, Resource Management, Ecology, Wildlife Management, Animal Distribution, reproduction, Elkhorn Slough, marine, estuary, benthic, The occurrence, seasonal distribution, and reproductive condition of elasmobranch fishes were studied in Elkhorn Slough , a shallow estuary near Moss Landing, California, from 1 October 1971 through September 1972. Seven species of elasmobranch fishes were captured. In order of abundance they were: leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata; bat ray, Myliobatis californica; gray smoothhound, Mustelus californicus; round stingray, Urolophus halleri; shovelnose guitarfish, Rhinobatos productus, brown smoothhound, Mustelus henlei; and thornback, Platyrhinoidis triseriata. Leopards sharks and bat rays were commonly captured in Elkhorn Slough throughout the entire year. Gray smoothhounds, round stingrays, shovelnose guitarfish, and brown smoothhounds were only seasonally common at the study site. Thornbacks were rare at the study site during all seasons. Of the elasmobranch fishes captured in Elkhorn Slough , leopard sharks and bat rays were apparently the only species that regularly gave birth to young in the slough . F multiple copies (2) esf ? Talent LG, Talent CL 1980 A population of the endangered Santa Cruz long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum, from Monterey County, California. 2 California Fish and Game 66 3 V pdf available at ESNERR 184-186 #~? 4 Tamburri, Mario N.
Wasson, Kerstin
Matsuda, Masayasu 2002[ Ballast water deoxygenation can prevent aquatic introductions while reducing ship corrosion 331-341 Biological Conservation 103 3 Organisms-Unspecified; (Ecology; Environmental Biology--General; Methods); Ballast Water Deoxygenation; Invasive Species; Mortality; Ship Corrosion; Survivorshipy One of the most important mechanisms for the introduction of aquatic nuisance species is transport in ship ballast waters. Although several ballast tank treatments to prevent transport of aquatic organisms appear promising, all existing approaches will result in significant costs to the shipping industry. This study describes a treatment that can dramatically reduce the survivorship of most organisms found in ballast waters while providing economic benefits to ship owners. Purging of oxygen from ballast tanks with nitrogen was recently found to be a cost-effective technique for reducing corrosion and therefore extending ship life. We tested the tolerance of larvae of known invasive invertebrate species to low levels of oxygen, comparable with those resulting from the anticorrosion treatment, and detected significant levels of mortality. Two separate literature reviews further support the conclusion that few organisms will be able to withstand extended periods of exposure to nitrogen-treated ballast water. This novel deoxygenation technique may therefore have direct benefits to both marine conservation and the shipping industry. M pdf available at ESNERR 7831038 esf ?!
Tarpley, J. 1986U The impact of shorebird predation on the intertidal mudflat infauna of Elkhorn Slough 1-15 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Invertebrates, Infauna, Vertebrates, Aves, Birds, Elkhorn Slough, shorebirds, estuary, mudflats, benthic, ecology, foraging behavior Unpublished Student Report/ In this study, the impact of shallow-feeding shorebird predation on the mudflat infauna of Elkhorn Slough was examined. To determine the magnitude of impact, replicate exclosures were used to exclude birds. Replicate open control and exclosure control treatments ensured that no experimental artifacts from the exclosures altered the predators' foraging behavior or the infaunal environment. Sediment cores were used to sample and determine mudflat infaunal densities. Results showed that there were no significant differences in oligochaete, polychaete, nemertean, or total abundances between treatments over four weeks. There were also no density differences of infaunal classes ove time within treatments except for polychaetes in the control treatment. From this experiment it was concluded that predation by shallow-feeding shorebirds had not significant effect on the mudflat infauna. Personal observations and results from the exclosure control treatment suggest that experimental artifacts have no adverse effects on shorebird feeding behavior or on the infauna. B, I esf =~?"
Tenera Environmental Services, 20005 Moss Landing Power Plant Modernization Project 316(b) Oakland, CA Prepared for Duke Energy* Human Activity; power plants; construction Resource Assessment M not hereM Available from Duke Energy, 655 3rd Street, PMB 49, Oakland, California 94607 sp ?#
Tera Corporation, 1981j Moss Landing Power Plant Units 1-5 demonstration supplement infaunal analysis and fish predator-prey study$ Invertebrata; Vertebrates; Chordates F, M not here ?$ Tinsley, J. C. 1975J Quaternary geology of northern Salinas Valley, Monterey County, California 195 Dept of Geology Stanford Stanford University geology, Salinas Valley Ph.D. G have abstract only 6?%
Tomich, P.
White, M.D. 1993 The effects of the crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis on the success of transplanted eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-18 Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Invertebrates, Arthropods, Crustaceans, crabs, Plants, seagrasses, Elkhorn Slough, estuary, benthic, ecology, foraging, restoration, habitat Unpublished Student Report Grazing activity by the crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis was thought to destroy selected transplanted eelgrass beds in Elkhorn Slough. The current study determines the effects of Hemigrapsus oregonensis as a potential grazer on transplanted eelgrass (Zostera marina). Inclusion cages containing four treatments of crabs, eelsgrass, and Ulva (an alternative food source) in various combinations were examined. Grazing activity was quantified as the loss of length in eelgrass in each treatment. H. oregonensis did not feed noticeably on eelgrass in the presence or absence of Ulva. These results do not support the previous hypothesis of eelgrass destruction; however, various physical and biological factors may be responsible for the lack of effect. I esf
?& X Toomey, B.H. 1995U A multixenobiotic defense mechanism in the embryos of the echiuran worm Urechis caupo 1-102! Department of Biological Sciences
Palo Alto, CA Stanford University Invertebrates, Echiura, fat innkeeper worm, pollution, sulfide, Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing Harbor, marine, estuary, benthic, mudflats, biochemistry, physiology Ph.D. Dissertation A multixenobiotic defense mechanism was identified and characterized in the developing stages and adults of the marine worm Urechis caupo. This mechanism utilizes a membrane protein that transports moderately hydrophobic compounds out of the cells and is related to the mammalian multidrug transport protein (P-glycoprotein). Multixenobiotic transport activity was studied primarily using a fluorescent dye assay in which cells that have a multixenobiotic transport protein expor the dye. A variety of moderately hydrophobic drugs, dyes, and contaminants are substrates or inhibitors of the transporter in Urechis embryos as identified by their ability to inhibit dye transport from the cells. The eggs contain a membrane-associated protein that is immunologically related to mammalian P-glycoprotein and is also a drug-binding protein.
All stages (oocytes, embryos, and larvae) appear to have a protein that is labeled by an antibody to mammalian P-glycoprotein. Dye transport activity, however, is present in mature oocytes, embryos, and larvae but not in early immature oocytes developing in the coelomic fluid of the adult. The localization of the dye transport activity in larvae and Western blot analysis of adult tissues indicates that a protein related to mammalian P-glycoprotein is abundant in digestive tissues.
A clone encoding a conserved portion of a pgp gene was obtained by screening an Urechis egg cDNA library with two antibodies to P-glycoprotein. The sequenced clone which consists of most of the 3' cytoplasmic domain and includes both of the ATP-binding sites is approximately 50% identical to the other P-glycoprotein sequences in this region
The potential roles and environmental significance of this defense mechanism were also studied. An extract of the sediment in which the worm lives contains potential substrates of the transporter, and multixenobiotic transport may protect Urechis from these compounds. Bacteria isolated from midgut of the adult worm secrete compounds that inhibit dye transport in the eggs indicating that they are producing substrates of the multixenobiotic transport protein. Thus, another role of the protein may be the transport of xenobiotics associated with bacteria that make up the worm's diet. I have additional copy of abstract esf ?' j Toomey, B. H.
Epel, D. 1992p Multidrug resistance in the echiuroid worm Urechis caupo: Dealing with toxic compounds in the marine environment A123 Molecular Biology of the Cell 3 SUPPL. Invertebrates, Echiura, Urechis caupo, mxr, Elkhorn Slough, Ecology, Environmental Biology, Animal, Toxicology, Pollution, Physiology, Biochemistry I not here abstract from conference0 ƾ?( j Toomey, B. H.
Epel, D. 1993Y Multixenobiotic resistance in Urechis caupo embryos: Protection from environmental toxins 355-364 Biological Bulletin 185 3 Hamster Ovary Cells, P-Glycoprotein Gene, Multidrug Resistance, Cystic Fibrosis, Transporter, Mechanism, Binding, Identification, Purification, Antibodies, Invertebrates, Echiura, Urechis caupo, mxr, Elkhorn Slough, marine, benthic, physiology, biochemistry Urechis caupo is a marine worm that lives and reproduces in sediments containing a variety of potentially toxic environmental chemicals (xenobiotics). Its embryos have a multixenobiotic transporter, which is similar to the multidrug transporter in mammals, as indicated by their ability to transport a variety of moderately hydrophobic compounds such as dyes, drugs, and pesticides out of the cells. The cell membranes of the embryos contain a protein of approximately 145 kD that is immunologically related to the mammalian multidrug transport protein and that can be cross-linked by a photoactivatable substrate of the mammalian multidrug transport protein. The sediments in which the worm lives contain potential substrates for the transporter, indicating that this multixenobiotic transport activity may protect Urechis embryos from naturally occurring toxic compounds. Embryos of a sea urchin from a pristine environment do not have this transport activity and are sensitive to hydrophobic toxins. These data strongly support a role for multixenobiotic transport as a mechanism of protection from environmental toxins and indicate an unsuspected mode of protection in invertebrate embryos. I- http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/185/3/355 pdf available at ESNERR Biol Bull esf?) Toomey, B. H.
Epel, D. 1995i Characterization of a cDNA clone from the marine worm Urechis caupo with homology to P-Glycoprotein genes 1017-1017 Molecular Biology of the Cell 66 Invertebrates; Echiura; Urechis caupo; Elkhorn Slough; I not here ?* j Toomey, B.H.
Epel, D. 1995R A multixenobiotic transporter in Urechis caupo embryos: Protection from pesticides 299-302 Marine Environmental Research 39 1-4a Resistance; Invertebrates; Echiura; Urechis caupo; mxr; Elkhorn Slough, biochemistry, physiology Much is known about how adult organisms protect themselves from exposure to foreign compounds (xenobiotics), but for a population to successfully colonize a habitat, all life stages of the organism must be able to grow and develop normally in that habitat. In this study, a multixenobiotic transporter is described which is similar to the multidrug transporter in mammalian cells, used by some embryos as protection from natural xenobiotics they may encounter in their environment. It is shown that some moderately hydrophobic pollutants - but not very hydrophobic pollutants - are competitive substrates of the multixenobiotic transporter in the embryos of a marine worm. Multixenobiotic resistance may protect Urechis caupo embryos from certain toxic substances by preventing their entry into cells. In this way the xenobiotics cannot interfere with cellular processes that are crucial for normal development, such as DNA synthesis, cell division, and gene transcription. Ib http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V7H-3YRSGN3-24&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1995&_rdoc=64&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235843%231995%23999609998%23167308%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5843&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=132&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=bc47850a268a9a73fea5e12399f2dae2 sp esf?+ j % Toomey, B. H.
Kaufman, M. R.
Epel, D. 1996k Marine bacteria produce compounds that modulate multixenobiotic transport activity in Urechis caupo embryos 393-397 Marine Environmental Research 42 1-4 P-Glycoprotein Gene ; Resistance Mechanism ; Expression ; Binding; Invertebrates; Echiura; Urechis; Bacterial symbionts; Elkhorn Slough6 Marine bacteria isolated from the intestine of the sediment-dwelling worm, Urechis caupo, produce compounds that are potential substrates of the multixenobiotic transport protein in Urechis embryos. Three strains isolated from the intestines of two worms were identified as Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus and Shewaneila putrefaciens. A fourth strain was not identified. Compounds extracted om V. harveyi were most effective at modulating dye transport in Urechis embryos. However, an extract of V. harveyi obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) did not affect dye accumulation in the embryos suggesting differences in the two isolates. This may be due to a difference in plasmids isolated from both strains (two plasmids were found in the Urechis isolate while no plasmids were found in the ATCC strain). Thus, the multixenobiotic defense mechanism may be important in Urechis adults and embryos to protect this organism from compounds produced by bacteria in the sediment to which the worm may be exposed or may ingest. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd I, Zj http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V7H-41JTBNR-46&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F1996&_rdoc=121&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235843%231996%23999579998%23216610%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5843&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=129&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=d9a200f1d0f92133e9aea2588bf64efb esf ?,
) Toxscan Inc.,
Kinnetic Laboratories Inc., 1993M Chemical analysis and toxicity evaluation of sediments at Moss Landing Harbor San Francisco, CA U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' chemistry; pollutants; sediment; marine Draft final report
April 1993 C esf ?-
Travis, J. 1992 Biting back at lyme disease 1623 Science 256# invertebrates; ticks; disease; lyme I not here ?.
Turner, B. 1972G Productivity of the halophytic vegetation in Elkhorn Slough, California
Fresno, CA Fresno State University Elkhorn Slough, plant M.S. Thesis P not here V?/
9 U.S. Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, 1980 Santa Cruz County, California, with overlap into Monterey, San Benito, San Mateo, and Santa Clara Counties; includes Elkhorn Slough The Service6 Santa Cruz County, Aerial photographs. Elkhorn Slough, 80 aerial photographs R not here Scale 1:40,000. ?0
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1937J Soil erosion prevention of old Salinas River and Elkhorn Slough watersheds U.S. Army Corps of Engineers5 soils; erosion; geology; Elkhorn Slough; River; water M not here BWR G42142: F7 ?1
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1946 Moss Landing Harbor 1-30 San Francisco, CA U.S. Engineer Office! Harbors, California, Moss Landing M not here ?2
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1947 Report on proposed additional work at Moss Landing, California: Report on remedial measures to date at Moss Landing, California San Francisco, CA U. S. Army Corps of Engineers construction M not here
?3
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 19658 California coastline, Monterey County; Moss Landing area The CorpsT Coasts, California, Aerial photographs, Elkhorn Slough,Moss Landing, Monterey County 19 aerial photographs M not here Scale 1:4,800. ?4
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 19678 California coastline, Monterey County; Moss Landing area The CorpsU Coasts, California, Aerial photographs, Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, Monterey County 7 aerial photographs M Scale 1:12,000.A?5
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1971k Report of tests for pollutants in sediment and water samples form Humboldt Bay, Santa Cruz and Moss Landing
Sausalito, CA The Corpsq Water Pollution, California, Sedimentation and deposition, Water Analysis, Santa Cruz, Humboldt Bay, Moss Landing M not here ?6
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1974` Environmental evaluation of Pajaro River Flood Control Project, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties San Francisco, CA U.S. Army Corps of Engineers management; flooding; rivers M not here ?7
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1974# Moss Landing Harbor extension study 1-11 San Francisco, CA The Corps+ Dredging, California, Harbors, Moss Landing Public Brochure M not here?8
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1974M Maintenance dredging (FY 1974), Moss Landing Harbor, Moss Landing, California 1-119 San Francisco, CA U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) Dredging, California, Moss Landing Harbor Draft Environmental Statement M not here ?9
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1975K Maintenance dredging FY 1977, Moss Landing Harbor, Moss Landing, California 1-141 San Francisco, CA San Francsico District) Dredging, California, Moss Landing Harbor Final Environmental Statement M ?:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1986a Comprehensive condition survey: North and south jetties, Moss Landing Harbor, Monterey County, CA Los Angeles, CA Los Angeles Distric* Jetties, Harbors, California, Moss Landing M not here Main report and appendices A-D-?;
4 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
ESCA-Tech Corporation, 1974^ Santa Cruz County, California, with overlap into San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Monterey Counties U.S.A Santa Cruz County, Aerial photographs, Año Nuevo, Elkhorn Slough Aerial Photographs R not here Scale 1:24,000. ?<
U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1978* Soil survey of Monterey County, California 1-51 Salinas, CA U.S. Soil Conservation Service
soil; geology G not here ?=
U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1994 Elkhorn Slough Watershed Project$ Monterey and San Benito counties, CA Elkhorn Slough; watershed0 Draft Watershed Plan and Environmental Asessment M ?>
U.S. Department of Commerce, 1979+ Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary. Elkhorn Slough, environmental impact statement$ Final Environmental Impact Statement R not hereB Elkhorn Slough Collection ESTU-3 (also have earlier draft version) esf ??
U.S. Department of Commerce, 1990: National Estuarine Research Reserve System: Site catalogue 1-36 Washington, D.C.r National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Marine and Estuarine Management Divisione Elkhorn Slough, estuary, animals, plants, site description, education, research, outreach, management Report- This report provides the following information for each NERR:
1) Location
2) site description
3) significant plant and animal species
4) on-site public education and interpretation programs
5) off-site public education and interpretation programs
6) research program
7) volunteer program
8) facilities R esf :?@
% U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980- Ambient water quality criteria for endosulfan Washington, DC.k Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Criteria and Standards Division, Environmental Protection Agency water; chemistry; pollutants U.S. EPA Report M not here 440/580-046 ?A
% U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980# Ambient water quality for toxaphene Washington, D.C.O Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Criteria and Standards Division, EPA water; pollutants; agriculture U.S. EPA Report M not here 440/580-076G?B
% U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1982h Hexachlorohexahydromethano-2,4,3-bencodioxathiepin-3-oxide (endosulfan). Pesticide registration standard Washington, D.C.J Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Environmental Protection Agency. chemistry; pollutants; agriculture; pesticides C not here ?C
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1978F Proposed Land Acquisition, Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California 1-86$ Elkhorn Slough; marsh; estuary; land M not here.?D
3 U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1971 Santa Cruz and San Mateo Counties, California; Monterey County (partial), Santa Clara County (partial), San Benito County (partial), and Alameda County (partial) 1-52 Houston, Texas@ Earth Resources Research Data Facility, Manned Spacecraft Center Santa Cruz County, Aerial photographs, San Mateo County, San Francisco, San Francisco International Airport, Moffett Field, San Jose, Elkhorn Slough, Gilroy Aerial Photographs R not here NASA/MSC 164 Scale 1:120,000. K?E
O U.S. Office of Coastal Zone Management,
California Department of Fish and Game, 1979 Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary: Proposed Estuarine Sanctuary Grant Award for Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California --* Elkhorn Slough; estuary; marsh; management$ Final Environmental Impact Statement M not here %?F Underwood, A.J. 1990R Experiments in ecology and management: their logics, functions and interpretations 365-389 Australian Journal of Ecology 15 4_ Null Hypothesis, Data Manipulation, Data Falsification, Temperature, Reef, ecology, experiments not ES, not here R?G
Uyeda, T. 1994N Santa Cruz harbor expansion mitigation project in Elkhorn Slough-Azevedo Marsh 1-41 San Jose, CA San Jose State UniversityO Elkhorn Slough, Azevedo Marsh, estuary, marsh, habitat restoration, management, Unpublished Student Report
March 1994 This report covers the following topics:
1) site description - Azevedo Marsh
2) significance of site
3) management problems and strategies M missing odd numbered pages esf ?H Van Coops, J. F.
Yap, J. A. 1998 Developing integrated access to contemporary aerial photography and water quality-related data for a portion of the Elkhorn Slough and vicinity, North Monterey County 370-381k California and the World Ocean '97. Taking a Look at California's Ocean Resource: An Agenda for the Future 1A Orville T. Magoon
Hugh Converse
Brian Baird
Melissa Miller-Henson
Reston, VA# American Society of Civil Engineers Marine parks, Estuaries, Nature conservation, Coastal zone, management, Water quality, Aerial surveys, USA, California, Monterey, Water Quality Management, Aerial Photography, Watersheds, Nonpoint source pollution, Information Systems, remote sensing, Coastal zone, Elkhorn Slough, Effective management of water quality and non-point source pollution in the vicinity of the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Sanctuary (NES) in Monterey County has been hampered by lack of, or difficult access to, information required for implementation of adopted strategies and procedures, status and trends analysis, evaluation of permitting issues and impacts, and monitoring of mitigation sites and permit condition compliance. This paper describes a project undertaken by the Technical Services Division of the California Coastal Commission to develop access to contemporary aerial photography and a variety of water quality-required information for seven critical subwatersheds in the vicinity of Elkhorn Slough NES, and to provide these essential elements of the material required for effective stewardship and balanced decision-making to all levels of resource managers and interested persons in the region. R not here ?I Van der Land, J. 19708 Systematics, zoogeography, and ecology of the Priapulida 3-118 Zoologische Verhandelingen 112* priapulida, natural history, invertebrates Novemeber 25, 1970 I esf ?J & Van Dyke, E.
K. D. Holl
J. R. Griffin 2002> Maritime chaparral community transition in the absence of fire 221-229 Madrono 48 4W plants, terrestrial, ecology, natural history, restoration, management, chaparral, fire P esfh |?K Van Dyke, Eric
Wasson, Kerstin 2005O Historical ecology of a central California estuary: 150 years of habitat change 173-189 Estuaries 28 2 Aprw We investigated the historical ecology of Elkhorn Slough, a 1,200 ha tidal wetland system in central California. The goal of this study was to identify patterns of change in the extent and distribution of wetland habitats during a 150-yr period and to investigate the causes of these changes. Using a geographic information system (GIS), we interpreted historic maps, charts, and aerial photographs. We created a series of summary maps to illustrate and quantify changes in tidal flow and habitat types at six representative historical periods. With the aid of custom software tools, we performed semi-automated spatial analysis of historic aerial photographs to quantify changes in marsh cover at fixed quadrats and tidal creek width at fixed cross sections. Our multiscale analysis documents dramatic shifts in the distribution of habitat types resulting from anthropogenic modifications to the hydrology of the slough. More than half of the marshlands were diked, and more than two thirds have either degraded or been converted to other habitat types. The construction of an artificial mouth abruptly transformed the wetland system from depositional to highly erosional, enlarging channels, widening creeks, and converting marsh to intertidal mudflat or open water. Increased tidal amplitude and velocity are the likely causes. In recent decades, levee failure and intentional breaching have restored the acreage under tidal influence to nearly historic levels, but recolonization of former wetlands by salt marsh vegetation has been minimal. Degraded former marshland and unvegetated mudflat are now the dominant habitat types at Elkhorn Slough. The rate of habitat change remains high, suggesting that a new equilibrium may not be reached for many decades. This study can help tidal wetland managers identify patterns and mechanisms of habitat change and set appropriate conservation and restoration goals. H pdf available at ESNERR 0160-8347 BIOSIS:PREV200510110924 ?L
Varoujean, D.H. 1973> A study of the California clapper rail in Elkhorn Slough, 1972' California Department of Fish and Game. Vertebrates; ChordatesE Special Wildlife investigation, Project W-54-R-4. Final Report Job 11 B ?M j Vega, Rebecca L. 1999 Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) serum: A comparison of contaminant profiles in leopard shark serum from urban and agricultural estuaries 1-71 Department of Biology Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz Elkhorn Slough, south San Francisco Bay, fish, leopard sharks, elasmobranches, estuarine, benthic, biochemistry, pollution, pesticides, contamination, physiology, aquatic toxicology
Senior ThesisG Blood serum samples collected from leopard sharks in South San Francisco Bay and the Elkhorn Slough, California, were found to contain significant concentrations of both polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contaminants. Serum samples were extracted for PCBs and OCPs using solid phase extraction, open column chromatography, and analyzed with GC/MS in electron impact ionization (EI). Geographical differences were found for PCBs, such that serum collected from sharks in South San Francisco Bay exhibited higher levels of PCBs in comparison to serum collected from sharks in the Elkhorn Slough. In contrast, organochlorine pesticides showed similar concentrations for both areas. In addition, significant differences in female and male contamination levels were observed for both PCBs and OCPs combined. High standard deviations existed for all the calculated concentration levels on an individual sample basis. This reflects, in part, the variations in exposure, lipid content, and many other possible factors that could effect PCB and OCP uptake and dissipation. F esf2D~?N C Von Thun, S.
Puglise, K.
Culley, A.
Kuhnz, L.
Morgan, S.
McAfee, S. 2000. Larval transport in Elkhorn Slough, California( 4th International Larval Biology Meeting Santa Cruz, California Elkhorn Slough, invertebrates, crabs, zooplankton, marine, estuary, planktonic, ecology, vertical stratification, transport, biological oceanography, hydrology Considerable research in estuaries along the Atlantic coast of the USA has shown that larvae that migrate between parental and larval habitats exploit predictable hydrographic patterns. These horizontal migrations often are mediated by vertically migrating between stratified water masses or by remaining between them, near the level of no net motion. Vertical swimming often is timed endogenously relative to light-dark and tidal cycles. Few such studies have been conducted in sloughs typical of the West Coast, and it was unclear whether similar mechanisms would operate in the absence of strong two-layered flow. In response, we studied larval transport by 12 species of brachyuran and anomuran crabs at three stations spanning an onshore-offshore transect across the mouth of Elkhorn Slough. Vertical distributions of larvae relative to tidal and light-dark cycles were determined during four 24-hour long cruises.
We found a continuum of larval transport in the Slough from species that were exported to species that were retained. Exporters included Cancer gracilis, Pachygrapsus crassipes, and Hemigrapsus oregonensis, while retained species were Pinnixa sp. B and Pinnixa franciscana. We also found the Emerita analoga was actually imported into the Slough. There was however, very little evidence of vertical migration, which would allow these larvae to obtain optimal horizontal positioning. It is possible that the larvae that are being retained are remaining on the bottom of the Slough and were therefore, missed by our plankton nets. This study suggests that larvae can maintain horizontal positioning within a tidal embayment that has very little vertical stratification. I have copy of abstract sp esf ?O j # Wadford, D.A.
Dixon, B.A.
Cox, M.E. 1995B Techniques for the recovery of Bacteroides vulgatus from shellfish 533-535 Journal of Shellfish Research 14 2 water quality, pollution, shellfish sanitation, Bacteroides, indicator organism, PRAS media, fecal coliform, invertebrates, marine` Clinical techniques and prereduced anaerobically sterilized (PRAS) media were utilized for the isolation and identification of Bacteroides vulgatus from shellfish. B. vulgatus is one of the most commonly recovered anaerobic bacteria from the human colon and outnumbers fecal coliforms in the human intestine a thousandfold. Identification of B. vulgatus was verified by the organism's resistance to kanamycin, vancomycin, colistin, ability to grow in the presences of bile, and inability to hydrolyze esculin. 66 shellfish samples were examined. 28 of these samples (42%) possessed levels of fecal coliform exceeding the established wholesale market limit. 15 (23%) tested positive for the presence of B. vulgatus. Of these 15 B. vulgatus positive samples, 8 (53%) had fecal coliform levels greater then the wholesale market standard, 5 (33%) had fecal coliform levels less than the market standard, and 2 (13%) had nondetectable fecal coliform levels. An experimental PRAS medium, Bacteroides vulgatus selective agar, was developed and tested for a more rapid recovery and identification of B. vulgatus from shellfish. I esf ?P
Wang, J.C.S 1981 Taxonomy of the early life stages of fishes -- Fishes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary and Moss Landing Harbor- Elkhorn Slough, California 1-168 Concord, CA Ecological Analysts, Inc. Vertebrates; Chordates F not here ?Q
Ward, B.B. 1995L Xenobiotic degradation by denitrifying bacteria in intertidal microbial mats 1-4 Santa Cruz, CA$ University of California, Santa Cruz^ Quantitative analysis, Degradation, Bacteria, Enzymes, Coastal regions, Cores, Production, Communities, Secondary; Sites, Depth, Reduction, Profiles, Scale, Incubation, California, Production rate, Sediments, Harbors, Microorganisms, Bays, Nitration, Hybridization, Estuaries, Acclimatization, Mats, Benzoates, Xenobiotic, Tomales Bay, Elkhorn Slough Technical Publication 22 Jun 19953 Two estuaries on the central California coast, Tomales Bay and Elkhorn Slough, which harbor well developed microbial mats in the intertidal region were chosen as experimental sites. At both sites, we investigated denitrification, benzoate degradation and bacterial production rate processes of the intact community whole cores. At Elkhorn Slough, we used a newly designed flow-through incubator to assess bacterial community acclimation to challenge from xenobiotics, using 2,4-D as a model. The simulated in situ incubation apparatus was used to (1) measure integrated total secondary production within the mats and (2) determine the ability of the consortium to transform xenobiotic compounds and assess the changes which occur during acclimation of the mat to xenobiotic exposure. An immuno-magnetic bead separation method was optimized for measuring species specific bacterial production, using a marine denitrifying strain to demonstrate the approach. The diversity of denitrifying bacteria, including several isolated from Tomales Bay mats, was investigated using RFLP analysis and probes for nitrite reductase. Quantitative, non-radioactive, hybridization methods for measurement of gene abundance were developed and used to quantify nitrite reductase and xy1E in mm scale depth profiles in the sediments at the study sites. Z not here CASUC-MLML-TP-7302 ?R ' Warnock, N.
Page, G.W.
Sandercock, B.K. 19970 Local survival of Dunlin wintering in California 906-915
The Condor 99 4 bird, predator, raptor, Calidris alpina, dunlin, Charadriiformes, adult, female, juvenile, male, Population Studies, Bolinas lagoon, California, USA, Ecology, Predation, local survival, Wintering, mark recapture, survival, estuary, terrestrial, Dunlin, shorebirds, age, sex We estimated local annual survival of 1,051 individually color-banded Dunlin (Calidris alpina) at Bolinas Lagoon, California from 1979 to 1992. Resighting rates for birds banded as adults varied significantly among years, and resighting rates for first-year birds varied by sex and year. No significant differences in local survival rates were found between males and females in any age classes. First-year birds had lower local survival rates than adults. We suspect that raptor predation accounted for much of this difference and other variation in survival rates. Adult Dunlin had lower local survival rates in the year of capture than in subsequent years. Variation in resighting of some groups of individuals including transient Dunlin may account for some differences. However, capture and release of Dunlin may induce short-term behavioral changes that increase the risk of depredation by avian predators within the first few days after capture. BH http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Warnock_etal_1997.pdf esf ?S - Warnock, Nils
Page, Gary W.
Stenzel, Lynne E. 1995H Non-migratory movements of Dunlins on their California wintering grounds 131-139 Wilson Bulletin 107 1 Calidris alpina, Charadriiformes, birds, Dunlin, Climatology, Ecology, Physiology, Behavior, California, Animal Behavior, Ecology, Movement, Behavior, Rain, Seasonality, Storm, terrestrial, In 1991-1992, we tracked 150 marked Dunlins (Calidris alpina) from two central California coastal sites to ascertain if they made winter-time movements to inland areas and examined census data from these and other coastal sites to document the possible extent and frequency of these movements. Between December 1991 and January 1992. Dunlin numbers at four central California coastal sites decreased by 44-84% during periods of heavy rain. Subsequently, six or seven of the marked Dunlins from one of these sites were located inland, up to 140 km away. The sudden disappearance of more than 40% of the wintering Dunlins from this coastal area in 10 of 21 years suggests that such movements may be fairly frequent. Median (October-March) numbers of Dunlins at this site during the 21 years were negatively correlated with local rainfall, suggesting a relationship between winter storm activity and the level of use of coastal sites. It remains to be determined whether deteriorating conditions in coastal wetlands or the increased availability of inland habitats related to winter storms is responsible for reducing Dunlin winter-time use of coastal sites. B esf ?T 6 Warriner, J.F.
Warriner, J.C.
Page, G.W.
Stenzel, L.E. 1986X Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous Snowy Plovers 15-37 Wilson Bulletin 98 1 Pajaro River Mouth, Monterey Bay, Mono Lake, California, terrestrial, birds, shorebirds, terrestrial, dune, beach, ecology, reproduction, behavior, fledging, nesting, breeding, egg-laying, hatching, snowy plover, Charadrius alesandrinus) This six-year study describes the breeding of a partly resident, partly migrant population of Snowy Plover (Charadrius alesandrinus) in California. Migrants arrived between 6 January and 27 April, with females prededing males. Migrant males did not pair as early as resident males, whereas resident and migrant females paired at about the same time. Early pairbonds often were with the same mate in two consecutive years. Egg laying occurred from 23 March to 13 July. Replacement clutches were initiated between 11 April and 11 July, typically seven days after loss of the preceding one, and usually with the same mate. Over the season, the time required for a pair to complete the three-egg clutch decreased from five days to four days. during egg laying, males spent more time in the nesting territory and on the incomplete clutch than did females. Incubation averaged 28.4 days early in the season, but only 26.9 days late in the season. During daytime, males averaged only 10.7% of the incubation time, but they appeared to be the main incubators at night. Over six years, 58.2% of 189 clutches hatched at least one chick. Females normally deserted hatched young within six days; males attended the young for 29 to 47 days. Fledging typically occurred at about 31 days of age. Over six years, 39% to 42% of 296 chicks fledged. After deserting broods, at least 22 of 60 females renested with new mates. At least 10 of 18 males fledging chicks before 1 July renested with new mates, and in at least 13 of 27 cases, males losing broods before 1 July renested, usually with new mates. Males appeared to outnumber females by 1.4:1. Sexual differences in survival rates are nearly sufficient to account for the difference in sex ratio. We suggest that the female's serial polyandry may be a facultative response to a skewed sex ratio. B Wilson Bull esf ?U
Wasson, K. 1997^ Systematic revision of colonial kamptozoans (entoprocts) of the Pacific coast of North America 1-63) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 121 1} Kamptozoa, Entoprocta, Barentsiidae, Pedicellinidae, Systematics, Pacific, Taxonomy, invertebrates, marine, benthic, taxonomy Collection of colonies in the field and examination of museum specimens revealed eight species of stolonate colonial kamptozoans (entoprocts) occurring on the Pacific coast of North America. One of these, Pedicellina newberryi, is a new species misidentified until now as P. cernua, P. echinata, or P. nutans. A second new species, Barentsia hildegardae, has been misidentified until now as B. gracilis nodosa. These two new species are described, and the remaining six species (Myosoma spinosa, Barentsia benedeni, B. conferta, B. discreta, B. parva, and B. ramosa) are described. B. conferta is a replacement name for B. robusta Osburn, 1953, which is an invalid junior homonym. Two species (B. benedeni, B. discreta) have cosmopolitan distributions, while five of the other six appear to be endemic to the northeastern Pacific. The published ranges of three species (B. conferta, B. parva, and B. ramosa) are extended considerably farther southward as a result of this investigation. Earlier authors reported the occurrence of several European species (including Pedicellina cernua, P. nutans, and Barentsia gracilis) from the Pacific coast of North America, but closer examination has shown these identifications to be in error. The same colony, stolon, stalk, calyx, reproductive and larval characters were consistently used for each species description, and the character states for each species are summarized in tabular form. A subset of these taxonomic characters was used to carry out a cladistic analysis of the evolutionary relationships between these eight species. The resulting cladogram strongly supports a close relationship between Barentsia discreta, B. hildegardae, and B. ramosa. I not here esf ?V
Wasson, K. 2003F Investigating changes in the mudflats of a central Californian estuary 1-3
Coastlines 13 5m Elkhorn Slough, management, restoration, natural history, invertebrates, bivalves, crustaceans, polychaetes, R not here esf ?W Wasson, K
Fenn, K.
Pearse, J.S. 2005= Habitat Differences in Marine Invasions of Central California 935-948 Biological Invasions 74 estuary; habitat; intertidal; invasion; invertebrate We carried out a two-part investigation that revealed habitat differences in marine invertebrate invasions. First, we compared invasion levels of hard vs soft substrata in Elkhorn Slough, an estuary in Central California, by comparing abundance and richness of native vs exotic species in quantitative samples from each habitat type. Our results revealed that the hard substrata were much more heavily invaded than the soft substrata. Nearly all the hard substrata in Elkhorn Slough, as in most estuaries along the Pacific coast of North America, are artificial (jetties, rip-rap, docks). Some exotic species may by chance be better adapted to this novel habitat type than are natives. Two major vectors responsible for marine introductions, oyster culturing and ship-hull fouling, are also more likely to transport species associated with hard vs soft substrata. Secondly, we compared estuarine and open coast invasion rates. We examined species richness in Elkhorn Slough and adjacent rocky intertidal habitats along the Central California coast. The absolute number of exotic species in the estuary was an order of magnitude higher than along the open coast (58 vs 8 species), as was the percentage of the invertebrate fauna that was exotic (11% vs 1%). Estuaries on this coast are geologically young, heavily altered by humans, and subject to numerous transport vectors bringing invasive propagules: all these factors may explain why they are strikingly more invaded than the open coast. The finding that the more species rich habitat - the open coast - is less invaded is in contrast to many terrestrial examples, where native and exotic species richness appear to be positively correlated at a broad geographic scale. pdf available at ESNERR#?X
/ Wasson, K.
Lohrer, D.
Crawford, M.
Rumrill, S. 2002^ Non-native species in our nation's estuaries: A framework for an invastion monitoring program 1-57* National Estuarine Research Reserve SystemM Elkhorn Slough, invertebrates, estuary, monitoring, human impact, management, Technical Report Series July 2002f Summarizes research and monitoring efforts pertaining to invasive invertebrates (workshop proceedings) MG http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Wasson_etal_2002.pdf copy #1 and #2 1 esf
?Y Wasson, K.
Newberry, A.T. 1997? Modular metazoans: Gonochoric, hermaphroditic, or both at once? 159-175) Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 31 1-3 animals, invertebrates, Physiology, Reproductive System, Reproductive System, Comparative Morphology, Hermaphroditism, Reproductive System, Sexual reproduction, sessile, benthic We introduce a classification system for the sexual modes of modular (clonal and colonial) animals which incorporates both spatial and temporal components of modular sexuality. After explaining and illustrating each potential sexual mode, we compare the prevalence patterns of sexual modes among modular animals, unitary animals, and flowering plants. Our conclusions are: (1) There are far more potential colonial modes of sex, and more clonal modes of sex, than there are unitary modes of sex. This is a function of the tri-level and bi-level organization, respectively, of colonial and clonal animals, in contrast to the single level of unitary ones. (2) Only five of ten potential colonial modes of sex have known examples, while only four of six potential clonal modes of sex have known examples. (3) The sexual mode of many modular metazoans is not known, in part because of a previous lack of terms by which to refer to modular sex at all its levels of expression. (4) Comparison of clonal and colonial animals reveals that genet gonochorism is nearly twice as common in clonal as in colonial animals. Genet hermaphroditism achieved by gonochoric modules of both sexes (monoecy) is about three times as common. in colonial as in clonal animals. (5) Comparison of unitary and modular animals reveals that genet sequential hermaphroditism, while moderately common among unitary animals, has virtually no examples among modular ones. Genet gonochorism is also more prevalent among unitary animals than among modular ones (and conversely, genet simultaneous hermaphroditism is far more prevalent among modular than unitary animals). (6) Despite striking differences in the prevalence of different sexual modes at the genet level, clonal, colonial, and unitary animals display very similar patterns of sexual mode when examined at the modular level. (7) Comparison of seed plants and modular animals reveals that both genet gonochorism and monoecy are considerably rarer in plants than in modular animals. Sequentially hermaphroditic genets may be more common among plants than among modular animals. Some sexual modes in our classification may be represented among plants, but not among animals. I not here ?Z
; Wasson, K.
Van Dyke, E.
Kvitek, R. G.
Brantner, J.
Bane, S. 2001 Tidal erosion at Elkhorn Slough 1-6J Elkhorn Slough, tidal erosion, tidal scour, Moss Landing Harbor, estuaries review Virtually all of California's tidal wetlands have been dramatically altered. Hydrological manipulations - changes in water flow - are widespread. Either flow has been decreased by diking and draining lands for agricultural uses, or it has been increased by dredging of deep channels for boat traffic. Both of these sorts of alterations have been carried out at Elkhorn Slough, a large estuary on the central Monterey Bay coast. The most substantial diking project was the creation in the 1880s of an embankment to carry the railroad line right through Slough wetlands. All marshes to the south and east were separated from the main channel by this dike, and many of them were subsequently used as pastureland. While dikes decreased tidal flow to some parts of the Slough, another project radically increased tidal flow to the undiked main channel and marshes. This was the 1947 opening of a large artificial mouth to the Slough. W not here esf~?[ < Wasson, K.
Zabin, C.J.
Bedinger, L.
Diaz, M.C.
Pearse, J. S. 2001k Biological invasions of estuaries without international shipping: The importance of intraregional transport 143-153 Biological Conservation 102 2l alien, invasive species; Ballast Water Deoxygenation; shipping; transportation; transport; larvae; treatmentc Increased awareness of the problem of introduced marine species has led to recent surveys of several large bays with international shipping. To our knowledge, no thorough search for introductions has been carried out in an embayment not connected to an international harbor. In 1998, we investigated the macroinvertebrate fauna of Elkhorn Slough (ES), an estuary in central California. Fieldwork and a literature review revealed 56 known exotic species at ES, a surprising diversity considering the rather modest search effort, the relatively natural setting of this estuary, and the lack of international shipping. While some exotic species at ES were probably introduced directly from distant waters with cultivated oysters, others likely arrived more indirectly via San Francisco Bay or other regional ports with thriving populations of invaders, travelling for instance as adults fouling boats or as larvae on currents. The effect of international shipping, including ballast water dumping, is thus not limited to areas with major harbors, but rather reverberates up and down the coast to seemingly isolated embayments. M pdf available at ESNERR spp ?\
Water Resources Engineers, 1968q Investigation to Develop a Water Quality Control Plan for Moss Landing Harbor and Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County 1-33 Walnut Creek, CAo Elkhorn Slough, water quality, marine, estuary, watershed, hydrology, runoff, human impact, resource management First Progress Report Moss Landing Harbor and Elkhorn Slough are located in Monterey County, California on Monterey Bay. In addition to the obvious influx of tides from the Pacific Ocean, the Harbor may receive inflows from several inland streams, including the Old Salinas River, Tembladaro Slough, Moro Cojo Slough and Elkhorn Slough. Generally speaking for the moment, the present investigation must assess the water quality implications of each of these sources to determine their individual or collective effects on the water quality of the Harbor and Elkhorn Slough so that meaningful water quality management scheme for the area can be deduced.
Perhaps of primary concern for the present and the immediate future if the coliform organism level in Elkhorn Slough. Within this investigation, the major contributing source or sources of coliforms are to be identified and alternative solutions to this problem are to be evaluated for relative feasibility.
This report covers the following topics:
1) Hydrology and hydrodynamics: fresh water inflows, ocean influences, effects of pumpages
2) Land and Water Use: agriculture, municipal and industrial, scientific study, navigation, recreation, waste discharge
3) Environmental Water Quality: coliform organisms, temperature, clarity, bacteriological examinations of shellfish M esf ?]
Water Resources Engineers, 1969` Evaluation of alternative water quality control plans for Elkhorn Slough and Moss Landing Harbor 1-70 Walnut Creek, CA} Presented to the California State Water Resources Control Board and the Central Coastal Regional Water Quality Control Board} Elkhorn Slough, water quality, marine, estuary, watershed, hydrology, runoff, human impact, resource management, Moss Landing Report4 Elkhorn Slough is located in Central California and is a tidally-affected tributary to Monterey Bay. There are nine identifiable water users of this body of water ranging from shellfish harvesters to heavy industries. There are also nine sources of coliform organisms (fecal and otherwise) whose waste discharges or water transfers reach Elkhorn Slough and Moss Landing Harbor. These dischargers include some of the nine water users, as well as commercial and pleasure boats, dairy farm ponds, and secondary waste treatment plants.
As a consequence of these diverse uses of the waters of Elkhorn Slough, the following conditions exist:
1) The prevailing total coliform organism standard for the slough is 70 MPN/100ml.
2) The prevailing total coliform density in the slough is approximately 400 MPN/100ml.
3) The eight water uses other than shellfish harvesting have coliform criteria of 1000 MPN/100 ml or greater.
Analyses indicate that the two major sources of coliform organisms to the slough harbor system are the dairies on Elkhorn Slough and the diluted waste treatment effluents being carried to the harbor by Tembladero Slough and the Old Salinas River.
Although analyses showed that it would be difficult to support the standard for coliform organisms which would permit consumption of shellfish taken from Elkhorn Slough, nothing should be construed from this result to suggest that the ecological environment of the slough should be allowed to degrade. Indeed WRE would suggest that the present level of coliforms, about 400 MPN/100 ml, is indicative of a rather good natural water and that the present level should be maintained. Whereas there is no apparent economic justification for attaining the 70 MPN/100 ml standard neither is there any social or moral justification for permitting the quality of Elkhorn Slough to decay. M esf\ ?^
Watershed Institute, 19962 Northern Salinas Valley Watershed Restoration Plan 1-554 Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments (AMBAG)n Elkhorn Slough, marine, estuary, watershed, pollution, aquatic toxicology, water quality, restoration, wetland Draft Report 1996* This is a draft report for a final report for a project entitled "Nonpoint Source Pollution in Coastal Harbors and Sloughs: Problems Assessment and Best Management Practices". This report has been prepared for the AMBAG by their consultant/contractor MLML, working in conjunction with the Watershed Institue of CSUMB. The primary goal of this project has been to develop and adaptive water quality management plan for the northern Salinas Valley watershed. The primary water quality improvement method proposed by this plan is the restoration of former wetland and riparian areas throughout the target watershed. This report addresses all relevant aspects of wet corridor restoration, including the various benefits of restoration, technical approaches to restoration, long-term restoration monitoring, ongoing local restoration demonstration projects, the issues surrounding obtaining landowner permission to conduct restoration activities, public education, and the uncertaintied and barriers to successful wet corridor restoration that still need to be addressed. M esf ?_
! Watkins, D.
Reiner, C.
Crane, D. 19844 Toxic Substances Monitoring Program 1983 data report 1-134 Rancho Cordova, CA& California Department of Fish and GameH Salinas River, Pajaro River, Lower Tembladero Slough, trace metals, tissue, sediment, arsenic, mercury, copper, zinc, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, silver, pollution, aquatic toxicology, monitoring, fish, freshwater, marine, estuary, synthetic organic compounds, pesticides, water sampling, chlorinated hydrocarbon, chemistry Laboratory Report Methods of sample collection, preparation, and analysis were similar to those of previous years' are are discussed in this report. Though collecting success was very good, not all desired fish were available at each station. Intensified studies of the occurrence of mercury in the fish of Lake Nacimiento and Clear Lake were undertaken this year. The staff studied the occurrence of pesticides in the Moss Landing Harbor watershed first noted by the State Marine Monitoring Program (Mussel Watch) and investigated by TSM in 1982. The staff also collected samples from three recreational lakes in the Los Angeles Region. Sample were also collected from four stations for the analysis of priority pollutants.
Analytical results for flesh analyses are presented in Appendix 2. Appendix 3 contains the results of water and sediment analyses. Standards adopted by the National Academy of Science (NAS) for the protection of predators and by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the protection of human health are presented in Table 14. At the request of the State Board staff, comparison of results with those standards and with previous program findings will be made under separate cover and incorporated into the 1983 Toxic Substances Monitoring Program annual report.
Appropriate recommendations for future sampling and program development will be made as data analysis is completed and reported in the annual report. M No. 84-2 esf ?`
E Watkins, D.
Reiner, C.
Crane, D.
Imai, R.
Seto, W.
Baumgartner, S. 19854 Toxic Substances Monitoring Program 1984 data report 1-159 Rancho Cordova, CA& California Department of Fish and GameH Salinas River, Pajaro River, Lower Tembladero Slough, trace metals, tissue, sediment, arsenic, mercury, copper, zinc, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, silver, pollution, aquatic toxicology, monitoring, fish, freshwater, marine, estuary, synthetic organic compounds, pesticides, water sampling, chlorinated hydrocarbon, chemistry Laboratory Report Methods of sample collection, preparation, and analysis were similar to those of previous years' are are discussed in this report. Though collecting success was very good, not all desired fish were available at each station. Intensified studies of the occurrence of mercury in the fish of Lake Nacimiento and cadmium in the fish of Lake San Antonio were undertaken this year. The staff also assisted with an intensive study of the Moss Landing Harbor watershed in an attempt to locate the source(s) of pesticides found at elevated levels by the State Mussel Watch and the TSMP. The staff also collected samples from seven stations for the Environmental Protection Agency's National Dioxin Study. M No. 85-2 esf?a
J Watkins, D.
Reiner, C.
Crane, D.
Morgan, N.
Seto, W.
Lew, T.
Miller, N. 19834 Toxic Substances Monitoring Program 1982 data report 1-103 Rancho Cordova, CA& California Department of Fish and GameH Salinas River, Pajaro River, Lower Tembladero Slough, trace metals, tissue, sediment, arsenic, mercury, copper, zinc, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, silver, pollution, aquatic toxicology, monitoring, fish, freshwater, marine, estuary, synthetic organic compounds, pesticides, water sampling, chlorinated hydrocarbon, chemistry Laboratory Report Methods of sample collection, preparation, and analysis were similar to those of previous years' are are discussed in this report. Though collecting success was good this year, not all desired fish (or types of fish) were available at each station. As in previous years, species substitutions were necessary at some stations. Two stations went unsampled dur to poor access caused by inclement weather late in the collecting season.
Analytical results for flesh analyses are presented in Appendix 2. Standards adopted by the National Academy of Science (NAS) for the protection of predators and by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the protection of human health are presented in Table 14. A comparison of selected results with those standards is made in Table 15. In addition to those noted inb Table 15, a cursory inspection of the data indicates the following data need further explanation and/or investigation:
1) the occurence of 6.6 mg/kg cadmium in largemouth bass from Lake San Antonio exceeds, by 2.5 times, the previous maximum concentration noted by TSM.
2) A reduction in mercury concentrations in largemouth bass from Clear Lake.
Analytical results for sediment and water area presented in Appendix 3.
Further analyses of the data will be undertaken for inclusion with the 1982 Toxic Substances Monitoring Program annual report. Appropriate recommendations for future sampling and program development will be made as data analysis is completed. M No. 83-1 esf ?b
Watson, L. M. 1995 The sponges of Elkhorn Slough 1-15
Santa Cruz$ University of California, Santa Cruz0 invertebrates; sponges; Porifera; Elkhorn Slough
senior thesis I esf$ ?c 1 Welschmeyer, N.
Younan, L.
Thurber, A.
Wagner, G. 2004C Phytoplankton, biodiversity, and invasive species in Elkhorn Slough 13-14 Ecosystem Observations 2003 Moss Landing Moss Landing Marine Laboratories/ algae, plants, invasive species, Elkhorn Slough P esf ?d Wenner, E. L.
Geist, M. 2001Y The National Estuarine Research Reserves program to monitor and preserve estuarine waters 1-17 Coastal Management 297 monitoring; Elkhorn Slough; restoration; estuary; marsh M esf ?e & Wentworth, F.S.
Lee, S.
Robitsch, E. 1966J Salinity fluctuation with tidal variations of the waters of Elkhorn Slough 95-120? California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports: salinity; tidal; Elkhorn Slough; hydrology; estuary; marsh W not here ?f Werner, MR. 1997L Soil quality characteristics during conversion to organic orchard management 151-167 Applied Soil Ecology 5 2 Apples, Bulk density, Water holding capacity, Organic carbon, pH, Electrical conductivity, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Microbial biomass Microbial respiration, Potentially mineralizable nitrogen, Mycorrhizal fungi, Earthworms, Pitfall trap, Watsonville, California Soil quality measurements were made as part of a larger study of conversion to certified organic management in a California apple orchard, and results are reported here. The general objectives of the soil research were: (1) to compare soil properties between the two production systems (conventional and transitional organic); (2) relate observed differences to soil processes and management practices; and (3) determine the relative usefulness of each of the measured parameters as soil quality indicators.
Bulk density and water holding capacity were useful indicators of changes in soil physical characteristics. Because treatment differences in bulk density were detected, biological and chemical data were expressed volumetrically to more closely approximate in-field values. EC, Ca, and Mg readings were used as an indication of the absence of significant salinity problems in both production systems. Soil pH in surface soils was mildly acidic, and values were slightly higher in the organic production system plots.
Potentially mineralizable nitrogen and biomass carbon (C) were more sensitive indicators of system change than total N or organic C. Because microbial respiration was higher from organic plots on some sample dates, C loss via CO2 was evaluated against C inputs in the two systems. It was concluded that in both production systems, C inputs appear to outweigh C loss via microbial respiration, and therefore the potential for net organic matter loss is minimal. No significant treatment differences were seen in the respiratory ratio, or in the ratio of biomass C to total organic C. Increased colonization by mycorrhizal fungi seemed to provide an explanation for higher tissue P levels in the organic trees, and thus was an indicator of increased soil biological function in the organically managed plots.
Soil invertebrates did not seem to be sensitive indicators of short-term responses to management changes in the current study, as no significant differences were seen during 1990-1991, the first 2 years of transition to organic management in the organic treatment plots. However, earthworm abundance and biomass increased significantly during 1992 in the organic plots, and seemed to provide an indication of long-term response to changes in weed, pest, and soil fertility management. Pitfall trap arthropods were too variable in abundance and diversity to discern any significant treatment effects with the sampling scheme used, and therefore these parameters were not useful indicators of soil quality changes. M esf ?g # Werner, MR
Kluson, RA
Gliessman, SR 1990 Colonization of strawberrry roots by VA mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems under convential and transitional organic management 139-151% Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 7 2 Glomus intraradices, Fungicide, Fumigant, Fungal Toxicity, Nutrition, Reproductive Growth, Soil, Phosphorus Level, Elkhorn Slough, California, Agriculture, land management, terrestrial, plant* Mycorrhizal colonization of strawberry roots was studied for two agricultural management systems on the California [USA] central coast, one conventional and one in transition to organic. Low levels of VAM colonization early in the first year of the experiment may be the result of past management practices, which included conventional production of a non-mycorrhizal crop with high levels of phosphorus inputs. In the second year colonization levels were higher in the transitional organic plots. Annual use of a fumigant and a fungicide in the conventional plots was implicated with depleting the VAM inoculum reservoir and maintaining low colonization levels. Inoculation of organically managed plots with Glomus intraradices at the second planting did not change colonization levels. Soil analyses showed that available soil phosphorus levels remained high (range 62 to 101 ppm) in both treatments throughout the study. In both years colonization increased during the spring and summer harvest season, and it is hypothesized that the high phosphorus demand of strawberries during the reproductive growth stage may create a microzone of phosphorus depletion around roots, even in soil with high levels of phosphorus. If present, this depletion microzone would enhance the formation and potential benefits of mycorrhiza. P not here Go get at sci. lib
e?h
> Werner, Matthew Robert
Gliessman, Stephen R.
Los Huertos, Marc 1994 Developing a model system for assessing the effects of conversion to sustainable agricultural practices in a sensitive estuarine watershed, Elkhorn Slough, California 1-53 Davis, CA/ University of California Water Resources Center Sustainable agriculture, California, Elkhorn Slough, Watershed, Wetland conservation, Agricultural pollution, water quality management, Erosion, ecology, non-point source pollution, sediment, nitrogen, plants, animals, estuary, terrestrial, resource management, land management Technical Completion Report The Elkhorn Slough is located in the Central Monterey Bay area and is considered one of the most ecologically important estuarine systems in California. Over 1400 acres of the slough are in the NERRS. Non-point source pollutants from farm use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been identified as a primary cause of water quality degradation in Elkhorn Slough. Erosion of sediments from cultivated slopes surrounding the slough is likewise a serious problem. In spite of this, there have been few studies addressing the relationship between cultivation practices, inputs to the estuary, and ecological effects of these inputs.
This paper reports preliminary, first-year results of a long term project to examine the effects of agricultural production on an adjacent wetland on a 137 acre ranch in the Elkhorn Slough. In two to four years, the organizations involved in the project intend to begin coverting management of the land to more sustainable agricultural practices. Portions of the land will be restored to native habitat, while others will be used for implementing and testing sustainable agricultural practices. On the upland portions of the ranch we have documented land-use history and current management practices and inputs, and we have soil characteristics, movement of sediment and runoff water, leaching of nutrients in soil water, and deposition of sediment and nutrients. In the wetlands portion we mapped out marsh vegetation, assessed macroalgae and invertebrate populations, censused birds, and measured marsh water quality. These parameters will be used in the future to assess what changes occur after conversion of the land. This information will be used as an ecological baseline for designing low-input management systems in the future. An additional goal is working with the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve and the Elkhorn Slough Foundation to develop a strong partnership between the public and private sectors for addressing watershed issues in the slough. M esf5?i
Werner, M.R.
Silberstein, M. 1993U Agriculture and wetlands: Examining the interface at the Elkhorn Slough in California 1-15+ agriculture; estuary; marsh; Elkhorn Slough Unpublished Manuscript MO was this every published anywhere? Can't find it in BIOSIS or Current Contents esf ]?j
Werner, M.R.
Silberstein, M
Los Huertos, M.
Gliessman, S.
Newman, J.
Tjeerdema, R.
Caffrey, J.
Shaw, S.
De Vogelaere, A.
Mason, J. 1997 Agriculture and wetlands: Examining the interface at the Azevedo Ranch and the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve in coastal central California 1-92L U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration nutrients, wetlands, vegetated buffer strips, pesticides, runoff, water quality, macrofauna, groundwater, soil erosion, strawberries, Sustainable agriculture, California, Elkhorn Slough, Watershed, Wetland conservation, Agricultural pollution, water quality management, Erosion, ecology, non-point source pollution, sediment, nitrogen, plants, animals, estuary, terrestrial, resource management, land management Final Report October 1997 During this three year research project we characterized the environmental interactions between cultivated uplands and a sensitive, estuarine wetland. The report is organized into five chapters, with the first giving a detailed description of the research site, and the problems associated with strawberry cultivation on hilly, sandy soils, subsequent erosion, transport of sediment and agricultural residues and effects on the wetlands. The research site is the Azevedo Ranch and the adjacent Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, which provided ideal locations for long-term studies of this nature. Azevedo Ranch is jointly owned by The Nature Conservancy and the Monterey County Agricultural and Historical Land Conservancy. Chapter two presents original research results of out characterization of soils on the site, and the surface transport of sedimens and nutrients. Chapter three focuses on the fate of nitrogen and phosphorous in subsurface soil water, presenting results from three years of lysimeter studies. Pesticide residues in the uplands and wetlands are the focus of chapter four, which presents data from two years of soil and sediment sampling. The fifth and final chapter presents a detailed characterization of the pocket marsh wetlands, including topographical analyses, and descriptions of wetland flora and fauna. Ongoing studies at the site are examining the effects of vegetated buffer areas between the agricultural land and wetland as a technique for minimizing land uses impacts on the wetlands. M esf ?k
q Werner, W.
Wunderlich, L.
Los Huertos, M.
Swezey, S.
Gliessman, S.
Silberstein, M.
Tjeerdema, R.
De Vogelaere, A. 1993 Agriculture and wetlands: Developing a model system for assessing the effects of conversion to sustainable agricultural practices in a sensitive estuarine watershed, Elkhorn Slough, California 1-55` National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management Agriculture, wetlands, erosion, pesticides, sustainable, ecology, non-point source pollution, Elkhorn Slough, plants, animals, estuary, terrestrial, resource management, land management, Sustainable agriculture, California, Elkhorn Slough, Watershed, Wetland conservation, Agricultural pollution, water quality management, Erosion, ecology, non-point source pollution, sediment, nitrogen Final Report The Elkhorn Slough is located in the Central Monterey Bay area and is considered one of the most ecologically important estuarine systems in California. Over 1400 acres of the slough are in the NERRS. Non-point source pollutants from farm use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been identified as a primary cause of water quality degradation in Elkhorn Slough. Erosion of sediments from cultivated slopes surrounding the slough is likewise a serious problem. In spite of this, there have been few studies addressing the relationship between cultivation practices, inputs to the estuary, and ecological effects of these inputs.
This paper reports preliminary, first-year results of a long term project to examine the interactions of agricultural production and an adjacent wetland on a 137 ac. ranch in the Elkhorn Slough. In two to four years, the organizations involved in the project intend to begin coverting management of the land to more sustainable agricultural practices. Portions of the land will be restored to native habitat, while others will be used for implementing and testing sustainable agricultural practices. On the upland portions of the ranch we have begun to document land-use history and current management practices and inputs, and we have measured residue loads of persistent pesticides in soils and sediments, movement of soil, leaching of nutrients in soil water, and deposition of sediment and pesticide residues. In the wetlands portion we mapped out marsh vegetation, assessed macroalgae and invertebrate populations, censused birds, and measured marsh water quality. These parameters wil be used in the future to assess what changes occur after conversion of the land. In the current cropping system, we also quantified soil characteristics, and crop weed and arthropod populations This information will be used as an ecological baseline for designing low-input management systems in the future. An additional goal is working with the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve and the Elkhorn Slough Foundation to develop a strong partnership between the public and private sectors for addressing watershed issues in the slough. M esf Y?l
West, G.J.< Exploratory Pollen Analysis of Sediments from Elkhorn Slough ?m Whitaker, B. 1976 Ethnobotany of the Coastonoans Santa Cruz, CA$ University of California, Santa Cruz3 ethnobotany; indians; coastonoans; native americans
Senior Thesis P, H not here ?n
White, C.
Williams, P. 1985I Hydrological characteristics of Moss Landing Harbor and adjacent wetlands San Francisco, CA Philip Williams and Associates# hydrology; wetlands; estuary; marsh W not here ?o
j Whitmore, R. 1967p A preliminary study of Pismo clam (Tivela stultorum), populations in the area of Moss Landing Harbor, California 1-18 Moss Landing, CA.5 Prepared for PG&E by Moss Landing Marine Laboratories! Invertebrates, Mollusca, Bivalvia Progress Report I not here $want abstract'?p Whitt, M. 1992# Grappling in black-shouldered kites 81-83
Western Birds 23/ birds, behavior, kites, California, terrestrial This note describes the behavior of black-shouldered kites on a day in March 1990. This behavior included flutter flight and grappling. B esf ?q X Wickham, D. E.
Roe, P. 1987] Selectivity in transmission to crab hosts by the symbiotic nemertean, Carcinonemertes epialti 697-701 Journal of Parasitology 73 4 Crustaceans, Invertebrates, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, Hemigrapsus nudus, Cancer magister, Host Preference, Behavioral Biology, Ecology, Parasitology, Nutrition,
Elkhorn Slough, California, Monterey Bay, Carcinonemertes epialti, estuary Three species of crabs, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, H. nudus, and Cancer magister, were held in cages in Elkhorn Slough , Monterey Bay, California, to measure rates of infestation by the egg predator Carcinonemertes epialti and to determine whether host preference was displayed. Larval worms showed a clear preference for both species of Hemigrapsus over Cancer magister. Worm larvae also selected H. oregonensis at a rate approximately twice that for H. nudus. I J. Parasit. esf r?r
Williams, S.L.
Zedler, J.B. 1992] Restoring sustainable coastal ecosystems on the Pacific Coast: Establishing a reserach agenda 1-19 La Jolla, CA California Sea Grant Collegeq estuaries, resource management, research priorities, biodiversity, physical processes, restoration, water quality Reportz A workshop on "Research Needs for Restoring Sustainable Coastal Ecosystems on the Pacific Coast" was held at the meeting of the Estuarine Research Federation in San Francisco in November 1991. The workshop was convened by the California Sea Grant College in recognition of a significant gap in the understanding of Pacific coastal ecosystems.
Coastal ecosystems on the Pacific Coast are characterized by their great diversity and their uniqueness, particularly when compared to better-known coastal ecosystems on the Atlantic and Gult of Mexico. The result of the workshop was a listing of critical research needs for Pacific coastal ecosystems, particularly in estuaries. The research needs were ranked by workshop participants in order of highest priority within each of four categories: 1) hydrology, 2) habitat function, 3) habitat requirements of organisms, and 4) population dynamics. M Summary of a Workshop sponsored by the California Sea Grant College at the meeting of the Estuarine Research Federation in San Francisco, Nov 1991 No. T-CSGCP-026 esf ?s Williams, T. 2002 America's largest weed 24-31 Audubon January-February+ eucalyptus, plants, invasive species, trees P esf
?t
Willis and Associates Inc., 1977. Rubis Ranch Property, Moss Landing, California 1-58 San Francisco, CAN Elkhorn Slough, Rubis Ranch, ecology, archaology, geology, hydrology, land use' Environmental Resource Inventory Report This report covers the following topics about the Rubis Ranch Property:
1) archaeology and history
2) benthic studies and biotic studies
3) civil and traffic
4) soils, geology, hydrology, water quality, and marina studies
5) sanitary sewers
6) survey and boundary M esfI?u
Wilson, M. 19920 Distribution of the macrofauna of Elkhorn Slough 1-9 Santa Cruz, CA$ University of California, Santa Cruz Invertebrates, polychaete, echiura, crustaceans, molluscs, Elkhorn Slough, benthic, infauna, ecology, distribution, abundance, estuary Unpublished Student Report In general, the data obtained from this study supported my hypothesis that species' diversity and abundance would decrease with progression up Elkhorn Slough. However, because I was not able to get access to an "ideal" mid site, my data showed a dramatic drop-off in the number and type of species between the low, bridge site and the "mid" reserve site. Nybakken's study in 1977 revealed a more gradual decrease in species' number and diversity, most likely because he was able to take samples from a true mid site. R esf{?v X , Winstead, J.T.
Middaugh, D.P.
Courtney, L.A. 19912 Ovarian mycosis in the topsmelt Atherinops affinis 221-223 Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 10 3 Animals, Chordates, Fish, California, USA, fungus, Oomycetes, Granuloma, Follicular Atresia, Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, Reproductive System, pathology, Mycology, topsmelt, pelagic An ovarian mycosis in a topsmelt Atherinops affinis (Ayres), collected from Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California, USA, is reported. The fungus caused a considerable host response resulting in numerous granulomas and follicular atresia. Based on morphologic characteristics, the fungus was probably a member of the class Oomycetes. This is the first report of an invasive ovarian mycosis in a marine fish. F Dis. Aquat. Org. esf ?w
Wong, C.R.y Investigation of water-budget changes caused by wetland restoration in Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve 1-29Z Elkhorn Slough, hydrology, oceanography, tidal currents, tidal elevation, current velocity Report The hydrology of Elkhorn Slough has recently been modified by the restoration of tidal action to several hundred acres of former salt marsh. We have taken current, tidal and area measuremens to assess changes in the overall water budget of the Slough and to establish a water budget for the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve restoration site. Interpretation of these data suggest that 1) current velocities have increased by 28% since 1972; 2) the Slough channel depth has increased approximately 2 meters at the Slough mouth since 1972; 3) the tidal phase lag within the National Estuarine Research Reserve restoration site is different from Slough main channel; and 4) the tidal prism of the restoration site is about 5.7 x 105 m3 on a 5 foot tide. M esf ?x
Wong, C.R. 1989: Observations of tides and tidal currents in Elkhorn Slough 1-105 Department of Marine Science San Jose, CA> San Jose State University and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories^ Elkhorn Slough, hydrology, oceanography, tidal currents, geology, tidal elevation, temperature M.S. Thesis Marshland restoration, from 1983 to 1986, has altered the hydrography of Elkhorn Slough. A time series study of tidal height and current velocity in September 1986 characterized the changed tidal regime.
Results indicate that intertidal water storage over the tidal flats was responsible for an asymmetric tide, a longer rising water duration and a higher ebb current. These characteristics classify Elkhorn Slough as an ebb dominant system. Tide asymmetry was also indicated by the generation of shallow water constituents, M4, MK3 and 2MK3.
Phase lags of high and low water have doubled since 1976, and at the slough entrance, currents have increased 55% since 1972. The highest predicted current velocity is now 113 cm/s. Low tide volume has increased from 2.0 x 106 to 2.1 x 106 m3 while diurnal high tide volume has increased from 6.0 x 106 to 7.8 x 106 m3 with a mean diurnal tidal prism of 5.7 x 106 m3. W esf T ?y
Wong, Vincent Don 1970/ Moss Landing Harbor, California: A case history 1-6 Berkeley, CA Univeristy of California[ Coast changes, Jetties Design and construction, Dredging, California, Harbors, Moss Landing Report for Civil Engineering R@ http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Wong_1970.pdf 299Y?z Woodward, Lillian B. 1983 Lillian Woodward's Moss Landing 75 pp. Don Woodward, Jr Carmel, CA. Woodward PublishingD Moss Landing, California, Description and travel, History, Anecdotes M not heres Previously printed in the Monterey Peninsula Herald, the Watsonville Register-Pajaronian or the Salinas Californian?{
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, 1973W Effects of possible offshore oil spills at the Moss Landing Power Plant Marine Terminal 1-237 San Francisco, CAJ Prepared for Pacific Gas and Electric Company by Woodward-Envicon Division Environmental impact statements, California, Moss Landing, Oil spills, Environmental aspects, Petroleum, Environmental aspects, Petroleum, safety measures, Marine terminals, Electric power plants Environmental Impact Assessment M not here Project 73-650X ?|
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, 1974H Oil spill contingency plan: Moss Landing Power Plant and Marine Terminal 1-157 San Francisco, CAJ Prepared for Pacific Gas and Electric Company by Woodward-Envicon DivisionK Petroleum, California, Moss Landing, Safety measures, Electric power-plants Final Draft Report M not here.?}
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, 1979H Oil spill contingency plan: Moss Landing power plant and marine terminal 1-6 San Francisco, CA- Prepared for Pacific Gas and Electric CompanyK Petroleum, California, Moss Landing, Safety measures, Electric power plants Final Draft Report M ?~ Woolery, E. S. 2003 Leopard sharks and their prey: effects of prey availability on the movement patterns of Triakis semifasciata within the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve 22 Moss Landing San Jose State University fish, Elkhorn Slough, Vertebrates, Chordates, Chondrichthyes, ecology, marine, benthic, elasmobranches, estuaries, natural history
undergraduate The leopard shark Triakis semifasciata, is a good example of an Elkhorn Slough part-time resident elasmobranch which uses the reserve in essential parts of its life history, foraging in the slough and bearing its young in the tidal creeks. The hypothesis that there are differences in prey availability within three distinct habitats (intertidal and subtidal mudflats, deepwater channels, and subtidal lagoons) of Elkhorn Slough and these differences can be related to the daily movement patterns of one leopard shark tracked within the reserve in 2003 was addressed by several methods (baited traps and video surveys). There was no significant difference in prey abundances between any of the three habitats shown in the results of the ANOVA calculated from the mean CPUE of all species by location.Video surveys illustrated many qualitative differences between the habitats. There appeared to be a significant difference in time spent between the mudflats and the channels, with greater time spent in the mudflats. FC http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Woolery_2003.pdf esf ?
; Woolery, E. S. 2004m Optimizing methods for mark/recapture studies of the green crab Carcinus maenas in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-24 Moss Landing Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Carcinus maenas, crustaceans, crabs, Elkhorn Slough, green crab, mark/recapture, invasive species, non-indigenous, Schnabel method, resampling stats, demographics, optimizationo The extent of the impact of aquatic non-indigenous species, in particular the green crab (Carcinus maenas), can best be understood if its population dynamics are known within the system that it has invaded. Mark/recapture techniques are an important tool in understanding theses dynamics, as they can provide information on demographic variables such as birth, mortality rates, and absolute abundance. I studied how to optimize these techniques in terms of minimizing trapping time and cost by examining the iterative results of mark/recapture sessions, and hypothesized that for a given population of crabs there exists a finite number of mark/recapture sessions that will optimize these parameters. Trapping took place in a shallow subtidal lagoon within the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve near Moss Landing, California. Crabs (n=146) were trapped and marked, and mark/recapture analysis following the Schabel technique estimated an abundance of 518 crabs (+399/-183 95% confidence interval) over an area of approximately 9.3 x 104 m2. Data were then analyzed for trends in the reduction of variability during the sampling sessions. Due to possible violations of some assumptions of the Schnabel technique, a virtual population of crabs was created and sampled in Resampling Stats, and the mean results of this iterative simulation compared with the above data. IC http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Woolery_2004.pdf have electronic (pdf) only=?
Woolfolk, A.M. 1998e Effects of human trampling and cattle grazing on salt marsh assemblages in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-64 Moss Landing, CAL California State University, Sacramento and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories anthropogenic disturbances, Elkhorn Slough NERR, grazing, invasion, Salicornia virginica, trampling, plant, terrestrial, saltmarsh, estuary, ecologyF Final Report to the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research ReserveY The effects of human trampling on Salicornia virginica assemblages in Elkhorn Slough, California were experimentally tested using 9 levels of trampling intensity over 6 months, then allowing plots to recover for 1 year. Responses to cattle grazing also were examined. Human trampling at all levels decreased S. virginica height and flower production. Percent cover of S. virginica remained high (~90%) in intermediate and lightly trampled plots, but bare ground dominated in heavily trampled areas. Once trampling ceased, open space was first colonized by non-native upland plants, and later, S. virginica. After 1 year of recovery, trampled S. virginica in heavily trampled areas was shorter than untrampled controls, bare patches remained in some plots, and there were significant differences between invertebrates present in heavily trampled areas and controls. Actively grazed cattle pasture was characterized by high percentages of bare ground and Distichlis, while ungrazed marsh was comprised of ~100% S. virginica. However, plants responded quickly to the removal of cattle. After 15 months of recovery, Distichlis and bare ground declined, and S. virginica increased. Overall, trampling and grazing can decrease S. virginica abundance, lead to changes in community organization, promote invasion by introduced species, and contribute to loss of marsh habitat. M esf]? Woolfolk, A.M. 1999e Effects of human trampling and cattle grazing on salt marsh assemblages in Elkhorn Slough, California 1-64 Moss Landing, CAK Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and California State University SacramentoN human Activity; human impacts; marsh; estuary; grazing; cattle; Elkhorn Slough M.S. Thesis M sp
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Wright, K. 1992b The 1983 south marsh project: A case study in salt marsh restoration at Elkhorn Slough, California 51 p. Santa Cruz, CA# University of California Santa Cruz+ restoration; Elkhorn Slough; marsh; estuary
Senior Thesis M esf ?
Wunderlich, J. 1966> Ecological survey of the estuary fish in the Moss Landing Area Moss Landing, CA Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Vertebrates, Chordates Unpublished Student Report F not here݄?
Yamada, K.E. 1996Q Water quality monitoring at the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarin Research Reserve 1-62
Dubuque, Iowa University of Dubuquet Elkhorn Slough, water quality, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, phosphate, nitrate, pollution Unpublished Student Report Observed while doing Water Monitoring for the three freshwater sights: Upper Barn Pond, Cattail Swail 1 & 2, and Rookery Pond, and for the five saltwater sights: YSI sight, Reserve Bridge, Whistle Stop Lagoon, Hidden Pond, and the Main Channel; that all the factors that are monitored, are affected by or affect other factors, by a wide variety of forces found in nature. As seen in the field: Dissolved oxygen is affected by the temperature, salinity, plant coverage, tidal actions, and atmospheric pressure to name a few; Conductivity/Salinity is affected by temperature, size, and depth of the water body, how far the water source is from tidal action, outside water input into the system, and the time of day; Turbidity is affected by tidal action and the composition of the river banks; pH is affected by salinity, composition of the surrounding rocks, and the chemicals found in the air by outside sources; Temperature is affected by the time of day, how long the water has remained in one area, tidal action, size, and depth of the water body, and weather conditions; and finally, phosphate and nitrate levels are affected by agricultural chemicals found in the water from nonpoint and point sources, and things that were done in the past that still continue to show-up (as shown at the Upper Barn sight). Mr Includes a summary of the internship including a description of jobs and training and a critique of the internship esf?
Yoder/Orlob Associates, 1968 A study regarding water supply and distribution and wastewater collection, treatment and disposal for the Moss Landing area of Monterey County 1-160 Monterey County, CAM Prepared for the Monterey County Board of Supervisors and County Service Area land development, Elkhorn Slough watershed, water resources, water quality, water treatment, wastewater disposal, geology, topography, resource management Report Recognizing the need for a solution to the present wastwater problems and the necessity of developing orderly and coordinated plans for future water supply and wastewater disposal facilities, the County of Monterey authorized Yoder/Orlob Associates, a consulting engineering firm, to conduct a water and wastewater study for the Moss Landing area. The primary aims of this study were to develop both immediate and long-range plans for water and wastewater facilities, to determine the type of district that could most easily and economically implement the recommended projects, and to develop adequate and economical procedures for financing both the construction and the subsequent operation and maintenance of the proposed facilities. M No. 46 esf ?
Yoder/Orlob Associates, 1972- Preliminary report on agricultural waste loadE Prepared for the Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments (AMBAG)! agriculture; waste; human impacts M ? j Yoklavich, Mary 1982` Growth, food consumption, and conversion efficiency of juvenile English sole (Parophrys vetulus) 97-105% Gutshop '81: Fish Food Habits Studies) Cailliet, Gregor M.
Simenstad, Charles A. Seattle, WA Washington Sea Grant Publication Elkhorn Slough, fish, animals, English sole, Parophrys vetulus, marine, estuary, benthic, flatfish, ecology, bioenergetics, physiology, water temperature, ration, conversion efficiency, physiologyv The present study determined growth, daily ration, and conversion efficiencies for two age classes of English sole under laboratory conditions which reflect the temperature regime and type of prey available in their natural environment. Summary of findings:
- Growth was positively related to daily ration at both temperatures and age classes. Mean daily ration was significantly higher at 13C than at 17.5C for 0-group fish.
- In general, maximum ration increases as a function of increasing temperature but declines as the fish's upper thermal tolerance level is approached.
- Although estimates of daily ration in the filed are not available, the agreement between this laboratory data and field growth data from other studies indicates that the presumed "maximum ration" of 0-group fish at 13C adequately expresses field ration.
- Individual gross conversion efficiencies, derived from daily ration and growth, generally increased with increasing ration
- Conversion efficiencies for 0-group fish at both temperatures compare favorably with those reported for other species of juvenile flatfishes held under optimal experimental conditions.
- While it was apparene that both age classes at 13C were ingesting the same relative amount of energy, average relative growth of age class II was less than half that of the 0-group fish, resulting in a significantly lower conversion efficiency (this may be caused by the older fish being in a prespawning phase of accumulating of lipids in body tissue)
- Results of the present study indicate that English sole spatial and temporal distribution in Californian estuaries may be due to thermal tolerance. F esf A? V Yoklavich, Mary; Cailliet, Gregor M; Oxman, Dion S; Barry, James P; Lindquist, David C 2002 Fishes 163-185 Changes in a California EstuaryB Jane M. Caffrey, Martha T. Brown, W. Breck Tyler, Mark Silberstein Moss Landing, California Elkhorn Slough Foundation F pdf available at ESNERR 10 ? j Yoklavich, M.M. 1982; Energy requirements of the English Sole (Parophrys vetulus) 1-62 Department of Biology San Francisco, CAC Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and San Francisco State University Elkhorn Slough, fish, animals, English sole, Parophrys vetulus, marine, estuary, benthic, flatfish, ecology, bioenergetics, physiology, water temperature, ration, conversion efficiency, physiology M.A. Thesis Estimates of growth, daily ration, and conversion efficiencies were determined for juvenile English sole (Parophrys vetulus). 0-group fish were collected in Elkhorn Slough, California and held at 13C and 17.5C for 28 days. Age class II fish were obtained in nearshore waters of Monterey Bay and held at 13C for 42 days. Fish were fed ad libitum on the marine polychaete, Nereis virens.
Growth and conversion efficiencies were inversely related to temperature and weight of fish and positively related to daily ration. Low growth rates in age class II fish are reflected in the declining conversion efficiency with size, suggesting an ontogenetic change in utilization of ingested energy with the approach of maturity. Maximum ration was not significantly different between age classes and was higher at the low temperature for 0-group fish.
Growth rates from the laboratory compare favorably with estimates from field data on 0-group fish of similar size collected from Elkhorn Slough. The results of the present study suggest taht the latitudinal distribution of juvenile sole along the Pacific coast and their utilization of shallow embayments during the first year of growth places them in a thermal environment which would enhance growth. F esf 3ƾ? J Yoklavich, M. M.
Cailliet, G. M.
Barry, J. P.
Ambrose, D. A.
Antrim, B. S. 1991j Temporal and spatial patterns in abundance and diversity of fish assemblages in Elkhorn Slough, California 465-480 Estuaries 14 4h Osteichthyes, Pisces, Vertebrata, Chordata, Animalia, Animals, Chordates, Fish, USA, Elkhorn Slough, Cymatogaster aggregata, Leptocohus armatus, Phanerodon furcatus, Embiotoca jacksoni, Life Style, Seasonality, Spawning, Species Richness, Nursery Ground, Monterey Bay, Bennett Slough, California, Ecology, Environmental Biology, Animal Distribution, monitoring Assemblages of ichthyofauna of shallow inshore habitats along California's [USA] central coast are described in terms of species composition, abundance, and life-style categories. A total of 22,334 fishes from 65 species and 27 families was collected with otter trawls at six sites in the main channel and tidal creeks of Elkhorn Slough , a tidal embayment and seasonal estuary, and two nearshore ocean stations in Monterey Bay during 44 months between August 1974 and June 1980. Greater than 90% of the catch comprised 10 species. The four dominant species, Cymatogaster aggregata, Leptocottus armatus, Phanerodon furcatus, and Embiotoca jacksoni, occurred during most or all seasons and were classified as residents or partial residents. Several abundant species were marine immigrants that seasonally use the slough as spawning and nursery grounds; this resulted in higher abundance and species richness during summer. Species collected during winter largely were slough residents. Species composition and richness varied with distance from the slough entrance. The ocean assemblage was most different, and its similarity to other stations decreased progressively with distance inland and into the tidal creeks. During our study, 5,074 fishes were collected by beach seine in Bennett Slough , a remote shallow marsh basin adjacent to the entrance of Elkhorn Slough . Species richness was relatively low and three euryhaline species accounted for >80% of the total catch. The species assemblage was most similar to those at the tidal creek and most shallow stations of Elkhorn Slough . Resident species numerically dominated assemblages in Bennett Slough and the most inland areas of Elkhorn Slough . The high relative abundance of marine-related fishes (classified as marine, marine immigrant, and partial resident) entering Elkhorn Slough early in life or as spawning adults indicates the importance of this habitat to nearshore fish assemblages. FQ http://estuariesandcoasts.org/cgi-bin/est/printabstract.cgi?ESTU1991_14_4_465_480+ multiple copies (2)
pdf avaialble at ESNERR Estuaries esf ? . Yoklavich, M. M.
Stevenson, M.
Cailliet, G. M. 1992X Seasonal and spatial patterns of ichthyoplankton abundance in Elkhorn Slough, California 109-126# Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 34 2 Osteichthyes, Pisces, Vertebrata, Chordata, Animalia, Animals, Chordates, Fish, Elkhorn Slough, California, Gillichthys mirabilis, Engraulis mordax, Clevelandia ios, Hypomesus pretiosus, Osmerid, Leptocottus armatus, Genyonemus lineatus, Clupea pallasii, Citharichthys spp, Ammodytes hexapterus, Egg, Larvae, Dominance, Reproductive, Specialization, Estuary, Ocean, Marine, Planktonic, Ecology, Environmental Biology, Oceanography, Monitoring{ Seasonal and spatial patterns in abundance of fish eggs and larvae are described from 323 samples collected from September 1974-September 1976 in Elkhorn Slough, a shallow, tidal embayment in Monterey Bay, California (USA]. These included 3645 larvae of 29 taxa that were numerically co-dominated by gobiid and cluopeoid larvae. Ninety-four percent of the total catch comprised seven species, and included, in rank order abundance, Gillichthys mirabilis, Engraulis mordax, Clevelandia ios, Hypomesus pretiosus-osmerid, Leptocottus armatus, Genyonemus lineatus, and Clupea pallasii. Eggs of E. mordax, Citharichythys spp., and G. lineatus accounted for 73% of the catch. Two seasonal groups of larvae were evident. E. mordax and the gobiids (G. mirabilis and C. ios) formed a summer-fall group. While more speciose, a winter and early-spring group comprised of larval L. armatus, H. pretiosus-osmerid, Atherinidae and Ammodytes hexapterus was not as abundant as the summer-fall assemblage. Egg densities were overwhelmingly high in summer, due almost entirely to E. mordax. Similarity in species composition was greatest between collections from the most inland stations; larval assemblages from near-ocean stations were least similar to the inland slough assemblages. These distribution are attributed to reproductive specializations (egg type and spawning origin of adults) and hydrographic conditions. Fe http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WDV-4KDGR3V-1&_user=10&_coverDate=02%2F29%2F1992&_rdoc=1&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236776%231992%23999659997%23627813%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6776&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=8&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=3ab36bbe016dc2a9976dc6bd5ebfa54f esf p ? Young, B.L. 1991< Spartina axil zones: Preferred settlement sites of barnacles 71-822 Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 151 1 plant, Invertebrate, Arthropod, Crustacean, Cirripedia, ecology, Spartina alterniflora, Recruitment, Survival, Mortality, cordgrass, saltmarsh, estuary, benthic, intertidal
Recruitment of the barnacle Chthamalus fragilis Darwin onto cordgrass Spartina alterniflora Loisel. was found to be nonrandom among plant parts. Greater numbers of barnacles per cm2 were observed in the axils (the crevices formed by the leaf meeting the stem) than on leaves or open stem. Daily settlement and survival were monitored to determine whether differential settlement and/or mortality was responsible for this pattern. On an areal basis, settlement was 12 times higher into the axils. Mortality was not lower in the axils. Settlement differences appear to be responsible for the greater recruitment in these regions. Removal of newly settled individuals reduced subsequent settlement suggesting that there is a gregarious component to settlement behavior on Spartina. Ig http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T8F-48CGM7D-11&_user=10&_coverDate=08%2F23%2F1991&_rdoc=7&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235085%231991%23998489998%23419868%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5085&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=11&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=457ba660036b0b013a0eb24a856cfc5e?
F Young, J.F. 1996d Commercial shellfish growing area sanitary survey report for Elkhorn Slough Moss Landing, Californiaa California Department of Health Services, Division of Drinking Water and Environmental Management< bacteria,fecal coliform, shellfish harvesting; invertebrates Technical Report
December 1996 I not here 97-01 ? Yudin, K.G. 1987 Age, growth and aspects of the reproductive biology of two sharks, the gray smoothhound Mustelus californicus and the brown smoothhound M. henli, from central California 1-81 San Francisco, CA San Francisco State University Vertebrates; Chordates; fishes M.A. Thesis F not here l ? Yudin, K.G.
Cailliet, G.M. 1990 Age and growth of the gray smoothhound, Mustelus californicus, and the brown smoothhound, Mustelus henlei, sharks from central California 191-204 Copeia 1 Elkhorn Slough, elasmobranches, chondrichthys, fishes, sharks, smoothhounds, marine, estuary, ecology, population biology, reproduction, age, growthN Annual growth bands from x-radiographs of vertebral centra of 58 gray and 71 brown smoothhound sharks from central California caught between 1978 and 1985 were used to determine age composition, age at first reproduction, and growth rates. Mustelus californicus 235-1250 mm TL were aged between 0 and 9 yrs. Mustelus henlei 257-1000 mm TL were aged between 0 and 13 yrs. Age at first reproduction for both species was between 1-4 yr. Von Bertalanffy and back-calculated growth curves were similar and asymptotic lengths of females of both species were greater than males. The von Bertalanffy growth equation for the combined sexes of M. californicus was Lt = 1544[1-e-0.168(t-(-1.271))] and M. henlei was Lt = 977[1-e-0.244(t-(-1.296))]. These two California species of Mustelus have growth characteristics similar to other species of the genus. F esfw? Zajac, R. N.
Whitlatch, R. B. 1991; Demographic aspects of marine, soft sediment patch dynamics 808-820 American Zoologist 31 6 Long Island Sound, Infaunal Polychaete, Community Structure, Temporal Variation, Estuarine Infauna, Life Histories, Nephtys incisa, Disturbance, Succession, colonization, invertebrate, animal, ecology, population biology A generalized framework is presented which employs a demographic perspective (population vital rates, measures of population performance) of infaunal patch dynamics in order to understand population- and community-level successional processes in soft-sediment habitats. The model emphasizes the importance of demographic responses of component species following disturbance and how they vary as a function of the successional state within each patch. These characteristics provide a currency for assessing the effects of the disturbance on the overall population dynamics in a given habitat. Simple demographic simulations indicate the importance of seasonality in affecting the response of species to disturbance and the relative contributions of adult and larval colonization in affecting population dynamics. Further development of this demographic framework is presently constrained by a general lack of field data necessary to evaluate the demography of soft-sediment organisms. R pdf available at ESNERR esf ? Zeiner, S.J. 1991 Growth characteristics and estimates of age at maturity of two species of skates (Raja binoculata and Raja rhina) from Monterey Bay, California 1-53 Department of Marine Science Stanislaus, CAL California State University, Stanislaus and Moss Landing Marine Laboratoriesy Monterey Bay, fish, skates, Raja, elasmobranches, marine, benthic, ecology, population biology, reproduction, age, growth M.S. Thesis A total of 184 Raja binoculata (big) and 194 R. rhina (longnose) was collected between 1980 and 1981, and used for a study of growth and age at first maturity. Paraffin sections were successful for elucidating growth zones on the centra of both species. Analysis of the centrum edges by month of capture suggested a translucent growth zone was formed in winter and an opaque growth zone was formed in summer for both species. Raja binoculata ranged from 175-1607 mm TL and were estimated to be 0-12 years old respectively. Raja rhina ranged from 303-1322 mm TL and 3-13 years old. Length-at-age estimates for Raja binoculata fit of the logistic growth function (LGF) better (lower standard errors) than the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF), with female asymptotic length (1678 mm TL) slightly higher than male (1388 mm TL), and similar growth coefficients (0.37 and 0.43m respectively). The VBGF provided the best fit for Raja rhina, with females reaching their slightly higher asymptotic length (L=1069 mm TL) and having lower growth coefficient (k=0.16) than males (L=952, k=0.26). The age at reproductive maturity was estimated to 8-11 years for R. binoculata and 6-9 years for R. rhina F esf Ǧ? j Zimmerman, R.C.
Alberte, R.S. 1991_ Prediction of light requirements for eelgrass (Zostera marina) L. growth from numerical models 25-36/ Coastal Ocean Program Estuarine Habitat Studies Kenworthy, W.J.
Haunert, D. Washington, D.C.5 National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Elkhorn Slough, San Francisco Bay, plants, eelgrass, physiology, genetic differences, growth, productivity, marine, estuarine, biogeography, photosynthesis - We have examined the effects of genetically-based differences in physiological performance on growth and productivity of 3 geographically isolated eelgrass populations from California growing in experimental common gardens in Elkhorn Slough near Monterey Bay, CA.
- Differences in photosynthesis and respiration measured in the laboratory were consistent with genetic differences indicated by morphology and RFLPs. But these performance differences have not yielded a significant effect on the calculation of daily light requirments, measurements of growth or mean carbohydrate content of photosynthetic shoots in the field.
- Models were used to estimate the light requirements of eelgrass.
- Minimum daily light requirements for eelgrass survival appear to increase with mean turbidity perhaps because the variance in light attenuation also increases with the mean value. As a result transient periods of extreme turbidity may be critical in determining the depth limits of eelgrass.
- Light availability may regulate the depth distribution of eelgrass by controlling rates of carbon transport to roots independently of whole-plant carbon balance.
- The current model simulates the transport of carbohydrate from leaves to roots as regulated by the daily light period through the activities of the enzymes sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase. Laboratory and field experiments are under way that will provide data to parameterize the model. M Results and Recommendations of a Workshop Convened to Examine the Capability of Water Quality Criteria, Standards and Monitoring Programs to Protect Seagrass from Deterioration in Water Transparency esf*? . Zimmerman, R. C.
Alberte, R. S. 1993 Regulation of carbon partitioning in the seagrass Zostera marina (eelgrass) - Assimilation export rates, enzyme activities, and the effect of root anoxia on carbon transport6 carbon; seagrass; zostera; roots; anoxia; assimilation+ revision for submission to Plant Physiology May 14, 1993 Rates of photoassimilate export, sucrose phosphate synthase activity, sucrose synthase activity and the effect of root anoxia on carbon transport were investigated in the marine angiosperm, Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) to elucidate the environmental regulation of sucrose formation and partitioning in this ecologically important species. In vitro activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, which regulates sucrose formation, was much higher than predicted by export rates, and showed no response to the diel cycle of light availability. Activity of SPS increased with leaf age, however, suggesging that SPS plays some role in regulating rates of sucrose formation and export. In vitro activity of sucrose synthase was high in root tissues but showed no apparent response to the nighttime regime of root anoxia. Furthermore, there was no detectable diel oscillation in tissue carbohydrate levels in either roots or leaves, indicating that eelgrass posses some capacity to buffer the effects of periodic and prolonged light-limitation typically experienced in nature. Import of 14C-labeled photoassimilates into roots, however, was inhibited by root anoxia. Since root tolerance to anoxia in eelgrass depends on ample carbohydrate reserves to maintain metabolic activity, light availability may control the productivity and distribution of eelgrass by regulating carbon partitioning as well as whole-plant carbon balance. P esf *? ] 0 Zimmerman, R.C.
Cabello-Pasini, A.
Alberte, R.S. 1994e Modeling daily production of aquatic macrophytes from irradiance measurements: A comparative analysis 185-196 Marine Ecology Progress Series 114 1-2U Elkhorn Slough, seagrasses, Zostera marina, angiosperms, monocots, plants, spermatophytes, vascular plants, Bioenergetics, Ecology, marine, Models and Simulations, Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Metabolism, Plant Physiology, Carbon Budget, Photosynthesis, Primary Production, light requirements, submerged aquatic macrophytes, HsatI The importance of submerged aquatic macrophytes to coastal ecosystems has generated a need for knowledge of minimum light levels that will support the maintenance and restoration of healthy populations. Our goals were (1) to evaluate the sensitivity to natural, non-sinusoidal fluctuations in irradiance I of analytical integration techniques for calculating daily carbon gain, (2) to evaluate the H-sat (the daily period of I-saturated photosynthesis) model of daily production relative to models based on instantaneous photosynthesis vs irradiance (P vs I) and (3) to provide some guidance for the temporal density of irradiance data required for accurate estimation of daily carbon gain. Monthly measures of the P vs I response of an eelgrass Zostera marina L. population were used to predict rates of daily carbon gain from continuous in situ recordings of I. Daily integrated I was not a reliable predictor of daily production. Numerical (iterative) integration of H-sat was much more reliable but required repeated measures of I within a day, as did numerical integration of P vs I. Analytical (non-iterative) models based only on observations of I-m (noon) could not predict daily production accurately. Analytical models of P vs I and H-sat agreed with each other, however, indicating that the analytical models may be useful where the daily pattern of I is sinusoidal. Given the high degree of temporal variability in coastal light environments, continuous monitoring of light availability may be required for calculation of daily production and reliable management of aquatic macrophyte populations. P5 http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/114/m114p185.pdf esf ? 7 Zimmerman, R.C.
Kohrs, D.G.
Steller, D.L.
Alberte, R.S. 1995h Carbon partitioning in eelgrass: Regulation by photsynthesis and the response to daily light-dark cycles 1665-1671 Plant Physiology 108 4 eelgrass, Zostera marina, angiosperms, monocots, plants, spermatophytes, vascular plants, Bioenergetics, Biosynchronization, Ecology, Physiology, Radiation Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Enzymology, Carbon, Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase, Sucrose Synthase, Diel Variation, Environmental Regulation, Export, Light Limitation, Sucrose Synthase Activity, Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase Activity Diel variations in rates of C export, sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) activity, and C reserves were investigated in Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) to elucidate the environmental regulation of sucrose formation and partitioning in this ecologically important species. Rates of C flux and SPS activity increased with leaf age, consistent with the ontogenic transition from sink to source status. Rates of C export and photosynthesis were low but quantitatively consistent with those of many terrestrial plant species. The V-max activity of SPS approached that of maize, but substrate-limited rates were 20 to 25% of V-max, indicating a large pool of inactive SPS. SPS was unresponsive to the day/night transition or to a 3-fold increase in photosynthesis generated by high (CO-2) and showed little sensitivity to inorganic phosphate. Consequently, regulation of eelgrass SPS appeared similar to starch- rather than to sugar-accumulating species even though eelgrass accumulates sucrose. Leaf (sucrose) was constant and high throughout the diel cycle, which may contribute to the down-regulation of SPS. Root sucrose synthase activity was high but showed no response to nocturnal anoxia. Root (sucrose) also showed no diel cycle. The temporal stability of (sucrose) confers an ability for eelgrass to buffer the effects of prolonged light limitation that may be key to its survival and ecological success in environments subject to periods of extreme light limitation and chaotic daily variation in light availability. P not hereS? m L Zimmerman, Richard C.
Kohrs, Donald G.
Steller, Diana L.
Alberte, Randall S. 1997L Impacts of CO2 enrichment on productivity and light requirements of eelgrass 599-607 Plant Physiology 115 28 Del Monte Beach, Monterey Bay, marine, eelgrass, Zostera marina, angiosperms, monocots, plants, spermatophytes, vascular plants, Bioenergetics, Marine Ecology, Photosynthesis, Plant Physiology, Light and Radiation Effects, Eutrophic Coastal Waters, Light Requirements, Productivity, Radiation Biology, benthic Seagrasses, although well adapted for submerged existence, are CO-2-limited and photosynthetically inefficient in seawater. This leads to high light requirements for growth and survival and makes seagrasses vulnerable to light limitation. We explored the long-term impact of increased CO-s availability on light requirements, productivity, and C allocation in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.). Enrichment of seawater CO-2 increased photosynthesis 3-fold, but had no long-term impact on respiration. By tripling the rate of light-saturated photosynthesis, CO-2 enrichment reduced the daily period of irradiance-saturated photosynthesis (H-sat) that is required for the maintenance of positive whole-plant C balance from 7 to 2.7 h, allowing plants maintained under 4 h of H-sat to perform like plants growing in unenriched seawater with 12 h of H-sat. Eelgrass grown under 4 h of H-sat without added CO-2 consumed internal C reserves as photosynthesis rates and chlorophyll levels dropped. Growth ceased after 30 d. Leaf photosynthesis, respiration, chlorophyll, and sucrose-phosphate synthase activity of CO-2-enriched plants showed no acclimation to prolonged enrichment. Thus, the CO-2-stimulated improvement in photosynthesis reduced light requirements in the long term, suggesting that globally increasing CO-2 may enhance seagrass survival in eutrophic coastal waters, where populations have been devastated by algal proliferation and reduced water-column light transparency. P esf ? * Zimmerman, R.C.
Smith, R.C.
Alberte, R.S. 1990] Seagrass revegetation: Developing a predictive model of light requirements for Zostera marina 6-12 California Eelgrass Symposium' Merkel, K.
Hoffman, R.
Stuckrath, J. National City, CA Sweetwater River Press plantae Light availability probably limits the distribution and productivity of the temperate seagrass Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) more than any other factor. Rapid industrialization and development of the coastal zone has led to increased water turbidity through eutrophication and loading of particulate material into the water column. As a result ecologically important seagrass resources are declining throughout the world. A predictive model of light... P esf 8@? j Antolin, Noëlle M. 2008Q Competition effects of mycorrhizae on two California grasses and B. hordeaceus
Biological Sciences Master of Science San Jose San Jose State University
December 2008I Restoring native grasses is key to reestablishing healthy ecosystems, and land managers need species-specific information to determine whether or not to incorporate mycorrhizae into restoration plans. This thesis provides specific information regarding the effects of mycorrhizae collected from a California coastal prairie on two native perennial grasses, California brome (Bromus carinatus) and purple needle grass (Nassella pulchra), and one non-native annual grass, soft chess (Bromus hordeaceus).
Competition experiments were set up between seedlings growing in the presence or absence of mycorrhizal inoculum in native soils under relatively controlled conditions within a greenhouse. Mycorrhizal inoculation caused greater and faster seedling emergence in all three grasses. Only Nassella pulchra demonstrated a significant positive growth response to inoculation, which persisted when in competition with and at the expense of Bromus hordeaceus. Inoculated Bromus hordeaceus plants, however, produced significantly more seed and more viable seed when grown alone and in compe w? Spear, Brian J. 2010D Twenty-nine years of geomorphic change at Elkhorn Slough, California 56= Master of Science in Coastal and Watershed Science and Policy) California State University, Monterey Bay
This study utilized high-precision surveys to estimate 29 years of elevation change on
the Elkhorn Slough marsh plain. There were 3 objectives to this study: 1) characterize the
spatial variation in rates of net erosion/deposition and net vertical change with respect to the
benchmark, 2) compare net vertical change rates to estimates of projected rate of sea-level
rise in the region, and 3) determine linkages between land cover type and rate of net vertical
change. We resurveyed 11 of the 13 original cross sections using the same methodology to
collect new surface elevations for comparison with the original 1980 dataset. Overall, survey
points on the marsh plain averaged 0.5 cm/yr of accretion (SD = 0.4 cm/yr), but an estimated
rate of overall subsidence of 0.4 cm/yr across the slough reduced vertical movement to an
average of 0.1 cm/yr. When compared to a low sea level rise scenario of 0.25 cm/yr, rapid
marsh deterioration will result if no management actions mitigate a rising sea. Only 26 of the
149 survey points (17%) contain vertical change rates that will outcompete a 0.25 cm/yr sea
level rise scenario. Additionally, mudflat and tidal creek categories had erosion rates relative
to the benchmarks of 0.7 cm/yr and 1.6 cm/yr, respectively. Respective net vertical loss
becomes 1.1 cm/yr and 2.0 cm/yr, when the estimated 0.4 cm/yr background subsidence rate
is considered. Further study is needed to identify and quantify individual components of
benchmark movement to be able to quantify observed subsidence at each cross section, as
opposed to applying a best estimate given available data.
Resource managers at Elkhorn Slough National Research Reserve have been
weighing four management alternatives to reduce the rate of marsh plain loss: 1) no action,
2) a new mouth, 3) sill at the current mouth, and 4) sill at Parsons Slough to reduce tidal volume. It is recommended that resource managers focus attention to restoration alternatives
that directly mitigate erosion, increase deposition, and/or mute sea level rise effects,
Restoration of Parsons Slough (Alternative 4) appears to be the most cost effective way to
reduce tidal volumes below the junction and mitigate erosional forces. Cross sections closer
to the mouth of the Slough show some of the highest accretion rates, so a tidal sill
recommended in Alternative 3 might ultimately decrease these rates by limiting tidal
inundation onto the marsh plain. With the restoration of Parsons Slough, the tidal volumes
will be reduced below the Parsons Slough junction that will inherently reduce tidal forces and
scour, while maintaining the healthy marsh plain accretion rates closer to the mouth of the
Slough. Increased biologically productive area will be a further benefit of selecting
Alternative 4. Smith, D. Title at one point (2009) was "Reproducing Cross Section Surveys to Quantify 30 Years of Geomorphic Change in Elkhorn Slough, CA using Optical Techniques"Q Q? Nidzieko, Nicholas J. 2009e Dynamics of a seasonally low-inflow estuary: circulation and dispersion in Elkhorn Slough, California 263# Civil and Environmental Engineering Doctor of Philosophy Stanford Stanford University PhD dissertation June 2009 Elkhorn Slough is a small estuary–11 km long, 1 km wide, 4 m deep–along the Monterey
Bay coastline, in central California. Pressured by development and severely impacted by
agricultural run-off, Elkhorn Slough is a microcosm for studying how estuaries function as
a buffer at the land/sea interface. To that end, it is essential to synthesize estuarine physics
to a system scale, because the biogeochemical processes that occur within an estuary are ul-
timately dependent upon the residence time of water. This work develops a comprehensive
picture of how different temporal and spatial scale physical processes contribute to circula-
tion and dispersion in Elkhorn Slough. Fundamentally, the physics of Elkhorn Slough are
applicable to short estuaries in general, as well as tidal creek networks that border larger
systems such as San Francisco Bay.
Observations of current profiles were made continuously at two locations within the main
channel of Elkhorn Slough for three and a half years. These long-term data sets reveal new
insights into both tidal and seasonal circulation dynamics. Tides in Elkhorn Slough are
mixed semi-diurnal, and are ebb dominant. Contrary to the typical association of tidal
asymmetry arising from frictional forces in the momentum balance, roughly half of the ebb
dominance in this system is shown to be due purely to the phase difference between the
principal diurnal and semi-diurnal tidal constituents. This asymmetry is reinforced by the
growth of overtides along the main channel. The propagation of the tide is a diffusion-like
phenomenon, and each tidal constituent was observed to have its own wave speed due to
frequency-dependent bottom drag.
Residual circulation in upper Elkhorn Slough is a combination of barotropic and baro-
clinic mechanisms. Winter baroclinic circulation is complementary to the barotropic mecha-
nisms, while the summer baroclinic circulation counteracts the barotropic motions. Elkhorn
Slough is a low-inflow estuary during the summer months, and evaporation is significant enough to cause a reversal of the longitudinal density gradient. Inverse estuarine circula-
tion was observed during the summer months, with residual surface currents in the channel
directed landward and near-bed residual currents directed seaward; this is the opposite
of classic estuarine circulation. The inverse estuarine density gradient was comparatively
weak, however, and modal analyses of current structure, both in the main channel and on
the shoal, indicate that the observed vertical exchange flows in the summer were predom-
inantly due to lateral advection of slow moving water from the shoal to the channel on
ebb.
Analysis of salt flux processes conducted with the numerical model TRIM3D revealed
that the dominant longitudinal dispersion process is due to lateral trapping of water in the
tidal creeks, however, the different dispersion mechanisms were found to be spatially and
temporally variable, and to depend largely on local bathymetry. This dependence on local
bathymetric variability largely precludes the application of a gradient dispersion coefficient
that can be applied in a predictive manner at the system-wide scale. Dispersion rates in
Elkhorn Slough are O(101 m2 s−1 ).
Curvature of the main channel in Elkhorn Slough is a ubiquitous local bathymetric fea-
ture, and so a two-week field experiment was conducted to examine stratified and unstrati-
fied curvature-generated lateral circulation and momentum balances. In both stratified and
well-mixed conditions, downstream adjustment of lateral circulation (non-linear advective
acceleration) is of leading order in the lateral momentum budget; the depth-averaged term
adjusts the streamline direction, while vertical deviations from the depth-average account
for changes in lateral circulation. The asymmetry of forcing mechanisms on flood and ebb,
due to variations in stratification and strength of tidal flow, can strongly affect net lateral
transport and generation of residual currents in regions of curvature. Curvature increases
longitudinal dispersion in well-mixed conditions, but not in stratified conditions, primarily
because the presence of stratification inhibits vertical mixing.
The results of both the residual circulation observations and the salt flux analysis indi-
cate that flushing time of upper Elkhorn Slough is approximately 5-12 days, depending on
the spring-neap cycle and the magnitude of freshwater discharge to the head of the slough.
U http://libr? Q Breier, J. A.
Nidzieko, Nicholas J.
Monismith, Stephen G.
Moore, W.
Paytan, Adina 2009 Tidally regulated chemical fluxes across the sediment–water interface in Elkhorn Slough, California: Evidence from a coupled geochemical and hydrodynamic approach 1964-1980 Limnology and Oceanography 54 6 Measurements of four Ra isotopes, Ba, Mn, U, and dissolved nutrients were used in concert with
hydrodynamic modeling to reveal a large, tidally regulated sediment–surface-water exchange within Elkhorn
Slough, an estuary in Monterey Bay, California. Hydrologic and oceanographic data from in situ sensors and
geophysical surveys of estuarine bottom sediments were integrated with the chemical measurements to develop Ra
flux boundary conditions for a three-dimensional hydrodynamic transport model of the estuary. Sediment and
surface-water exchange is the dominant source of Ra isotopes within this system. This process occurs without
significant fresh terrestrial groundwater discharge. A number of known solute transport and pore-water flushing
mechanisms can explain the 224Ra input, including diffusion, evaporative transport, bioirrigation, and inundation
and drainage of borrows and macropores. The 226Ra results suggest that some of these mechanisms, or others, are
capable of mobilizing Ra from deeper sediments. The sediments supplying this flux may cover an area as large as
the entire intertidal zone, primarily salt marsh, to a depth of 1–2 cm. In addition, the Ra delivery to the estuary
appears to be temporally regulated by the tidal inundation of the salt marsh and subsequent drainage through
tidal creek channels. These results illustrate the importance of the intertidal zone as a flowpath in the estuarine
water cycle and the tidal phase lag that results when solute from this zone is transported into the estuary. This
process is essential to understanding estuarine biogeochemical budgets of elements with significant sedimentary
sources. 1964 |? Z Black, F. J.
Paytan, A.
Knee, K. L.
De Sieyes, N. R.
Ganguli, P. M.
Gary, E.
Flegal, A. R. 2009k Submarine Groundwater Discharge of Total Mercury and Monomethylmercury to Central California Coastal Waters 5652-5659" Environmental Science & Technology 43 15 NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA
FRANCISCO BAY-DELTA
DELAYED COINCIDENCE
COUNTER
YORK/NEW-JERSEY HARBOR
METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION
METHYL
MERCURY
SEDIMENTS
ESTUARY
SPECIATION
TRANSPORT Aug) Fluxes of total mercury (Hg-T) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) associated with submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) at two sites on the central California coast were estimated by combining measurements of Hg-T and MMHg in groundwater with the use of short-lived, naturally occurring radium isotopes as tracers of groundwater inputs. Concentrations of HgT were relatively low, ranging from 1.2 to 28.3 pM in filtered groundwater, 0.8 to 11.6 pM in filtered surface waters, and 2.5 to 12.9 pM in unfiltered surface waters, Concentrations of MMHg ranged from <0.04 to 3.1 pM in filtered groundwater, <0.04 to 0.53 pM in filtered surface waters, and 0.07 to 1.2 pM in unfiltered surfacewaters. Multiple linear regression analysis identified significant (p < 0.05) positive correlations between dissolved groundwater concentrations of Hg-T and those of NH4+ and SiO2, and between dissolved groundwater concentrations of MMHg and those of HgT and NH4+. However, such relationships did not account for the majority of the variability in concentration data fur either mercury species in groundwater. Fluxes of Hg-T via SGD were estimated to be 250 +/- 160 nmol day(-1) m(-1) of shoreline at Stinson Beach and 3.0 +/- 2.0 nmol m(-2) day(-1) at Elkhorn Slough. These Hg-T fluxes are substantially greater than net atmospheric inputs of Hg-T reported for waters in nearby San Francisco Bay. Calculated fluxes of MMHg to coastal waters via SGD were 10 +/- 12 nmol day(-1) m(-1) of shoreline at Stinson Beach and 0.24 +/- 0.21 nmol m(-1) day(-1) at Elkhorn Slough. These MMHg fluxes are similar to benthic fluxes of MMHg out of surface sediments commonly reported for estuarine and coastal environments. Consequently, this work demonstrates that SGO is an important source of both Hg-T and MMHg to coastal waters along the central California coast. ://000268480600019t Black, Frank J. Paytan, Adina Knee, Karen L. De Sieyes, Nicholas R. Ganguli, Priya M. Gary, Ellen Flegal, A. Russell 0013-936X ISI:000268480600019 10.1021/es900539c F|? $ Wankel, S. D.
Kendall, C.
Paytan, A. 2009 Using nitrate dual isotopic composition (delta N-15 and delta O-18) as a tool for exploring sources and cycling of nitrate in an estuarine system: Elkhorn Slough, California. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences 114 DISSOLVED INORGANIC NITROGEN
SAN-FRANCISCO BAY
FRESH-WATER
BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
MARINE-SEDIMENTS
DENITRIFICATION
OXYGEN
NITRIFICATION
GROUNDWATER
FRACTIONATION Feb Nitrate (NO3-) concentrations and dual isotopic composition (delta N-15 and delta O-18) were measured during various seasons and tidal conditions in Elkhorn Slough to evaluate mixing of sources of NO3- within this California estuary. We found the isotopic composition of NO3- was influenced most heavily by mixing of two primary sources with unique isotopic signatures, a marine (Monterey Bay) and terrestrial agricultural runoff source (Old Salinas River). However, our attempt to use a simple two end-member mixing model to calculate the relative contribution of these two NO3- sources to the Slough was complicated by periods of nonconservative behavior and/or the presence of additional sources, particularly during the dry season when NO3- concentrations were low. Although multiple linear regression generally yielded good fits to the observed data, deviations from conservative mixing were still evident. After consideration of potential alternative sources, we concluded that deviations from two end-member mixing were most likely derived from interactions with marsh sediments in regions of the Slough where high rates of NO3- uptake and nitrification result in NO3- with low delta N-15 and high delta O-18 values. A simple steady state dual isotope model is used to illustrate the impact of cycling processes in an estuarine setting which may play a primary role in controlling NO3- isotopic composition when and where cycling rates and water residence times are high. This work expands our understanding of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes as biogeochemical tools for investigating NO3- sources and cycling in estuaries, emphasizing the role that cycling processes may play in altering isotopic composition. ://000263612700001- Wankel, Scott D. Kendall, Carol Paytan, Adina 0148-0227 ISI:000263612700001 G01011
10.1029/2008jg000729
|? + McLaughlin, K.
Cade-Menun, B. J.
Paytan, A. 2006j The oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate in Elkhorn Slough, California: A tracer for phosphate sources 499-506# Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 70 3 phosphate oxygen isotopes
nutrient source
nutrient cycling
USA
California
Elkhorn Slough
DISSOLVED INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE
BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
PRECISE
METHOD
PHOSPHORUS
NITROGEN
LIMITATION
WATER
DELTA-O-18
APATITES
ESTUARY NovI Elkhorn Slough, a small seasonal estuary in central California, has been subjected to increased nutrient loading from agricultural and other non-point sources. However, because nutrients do not behave conservatively, tracing nutrient sources and cycling in ecosystems like Elkhorn Slough has been difficult to assess. This is particularly true of phosphorus (P), which has only one stable isotope and cannot be used as an isotopic tracer. However, isotopic fractionation of oxygen in phosphate at surface water temperatures only occurs as a result of enzyme-mediated, biochemical reactions. Thus, if phosphate demand is low relative to input and is not heavily cycled within the ecosystem, the delta O-18 of phosphate will reflect the isotopic composition of phosphate sources to the system. We utilized the delta O-18 of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) within the main channel of the slough and nearby Moss Landing Harbor and the delta O-18 of reactive phosphate from sediment and soil samples collected within the watershed to understand phosphate sources and cycling within Elkhorn Slough. Trends in the delta O-18 of DIP were seasonally consistent with high values near the mouth reflecting oceanic phosphate (19.1 parts per thousand-20.3 parts per thousand), dropping to a minimum value near Hummingbird Island in the central slough (point source, 14.1 parts per thousand-14.4 parts per thousand), and increasing again near the head of the slough, reflecting fertilizer input (18.9 parts per thousand-19.3 parts per thousand). Reactive phosphate delta O-18 values extracted from sediments and soils in the watershed range from 10.6 parts per thousand, in a drainage ditch to 22.3 parts per thousand. in creek sediments near agriculture fields. The wide range in phosphate delta O-18 values reflects the variations in land use and application of different fertilizers in this agriculturally dominated landscape. These data suggest that phosphate delta O-18 can be an effective tool for identifying P sources and understanding phosphate dynamics in estuarine ecosystems. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ://0002419237000146 McLaughlin, Karen Cade-Menun, Barbara J. Paytan, Adina 0272-7714 ISI:000241923700014 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.030 ? t? Rodriguez, Roxana 2009 The effects of competition with invasive fouling species on the size and abundance of the native Olympia oyster in the Elkhorn Slough 24 College of Natural Resources MS Berkeley, CA" University of California, Berkeley May 2009- The Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, the only oyster species native to western North
America, may be threatened by competition for space and food with invasive fouling species.
Although the intensity of competition could vary by tidal height, studies in different estuaries
have found contradictory results. Therefore, an individualized study for a specific estuary is
necessary to make sound oyster restoration decisions. In this study, I investigated whether
resource competition with invasive fouling species limits Olympia oyster size and abundance in
the Elkhorn Slough, an estuary in central California. I also examined how invasive fouler
abundance and competition intensity varies with tidal height. I hypothesized that the Olympia
oysters would be negatively affected by this competition and these effects would be greatest
below mean lower low water, since this is where invasive fouling species would be most
abundant. I employed two manipulative experiments, however, these studies yielded limited
results due to a relative lack of oyster recruitment. I also conducted a mensurative experiment of
the existing fouling community, which found oyster abundance was negatively proportional to
that of invasive fouling species. Contrary to my predictions, oyster size was not affected by
competition or tidal height. However, other significant tidal height effects were observed: in
general, invasive species were most abundant in subtidal elevations, while oysters, though
physiologically better suited for the subtidal, were most abundant at the int ? A Maldini, Daniela
Ward, Caitlin
Cecchetti, Arianna
Riggin, Jessica 20104 Southern sea otter diet in a soft sediment community 27-26+ Journal of Marine Animals and Their Ecology 3 1B California; foraging; ecology; feeding; Elkhorn Slough; Sea Otters Between August 2006 and February 2009, we investigated
southern sea otter foraging in Elkhorn Slough, the third largest
estuary in California and an important soft-sediment community for
sea otters. Our study is the first peer-reviewed comprehensive
account of sea otter diet in Elkhorn Slough since the 1990s and the
first to look at sea otter scats in addition to visual observations. Diet
and other foraging parameters were determined during 199 daytime
focal observations and by collecting 115 scat samples. Foraging
success was 69%, males being more successful than females. Diet
included more than 21 prey items. Nineteen are found within the
study area, making this the widest variety of prey items reported
taken by sea otters in a soft-sediment community. Daytime prey
included 78.2% Mollusca (clams and mussels), 11.2% Echiurida
(inkeeper worms), 2.8% Arthropoda (crabs) and 7.8% undetermined
prey. Scat samples contained a wider variety of prey than focal
samples. Four species of crabs found in scat samples but seen
during focal observations, suggest otters may also be feeding
outside of the study area or feeding within the study area at night.
Both prey pursuit and handling time increased with prey size but
depended on prey type. Sea otters exhibited a high degree of prey
specialization, most individuals being highly specialized on clams
(91%). Most prey items obtained were ≤5 cm long, suggesting otters
rely on greater availability or on ease of capture of this size class.
W? Kauffman, William B. 2009D Analysis of prokaryotic community shift in anoxic estuarine sediment 63( Marine Sciences, Moss Landing Marine Lab MS Moss Landing, CA San Jose State University[ Prokaryotes mediate reduction-oxidation reactions resulting in the biological
fluxes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, cumulatively representing five
of the six major elements that serve as building blocks for biological macromolecules. In
estuarine systems, prokaryotes are responsible for driving biogeochemical cycles and aid
in the breakdown of pollutants in both the water column and the sediment.
Understanding the microbial ecology of estuarine systems will elucidate the microbes’
role in chemical cycling and estuarine health. In this study, denaturing gradient gel
electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicates a distinct shift in the
sedimentary bacterial community at approximately 1 meter below the sediment-water
interface at the head of Elkhorn Slough, the second largest estuary in California. I http://library.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Kauffman_2009.pdf Coale, KennethwF? Baumann, H.
Conover, D. O. 2011} Adaptation to climate change: contrasting patterns of thermal-reaction-norm evolution in Pacific versus Atlantic silversides
" Proceedings of the Royal Society B published online 5 January 2011t countergradient variation; growth capacity; conversion efficiency; latitudinal gradients;
temperature; seasonality How organisms may adapt to rising global temperatures is uncer tain, but concepts can emerge from
studying adaptive physiological trait variations across existing spatial climate gradients. Many ectotherms,
par ticularly fish, have evolved increasing genetic growth capacities with latitude (i.e. countergradient vari-
ation (CnGV) in growth), which are thought to be an adaptation primarily to strong gradients in
seasonality. In contrast, evolutionary responses to gradients in mean temperature are often assumed to
involve an alternative mode, ‘thermal adaptation’. We measured thermal growth reaction norms in Pacific
silverside populations (Ather inops affinis) occurring across a weak latitudinal temperature gradient with
invariant seasonality along the North American Pacific coast. Instead of thermal adaptation, we found
novel evidence for CnGV in growth, suggesting that CnGV is a ubiquitous mode of reaction-norm evolution
in ectotherms even in response to weak spatial and, by inference, temporal climate gradients. A novel, large-
scale comparison between ecologically equivalent Pacific versus Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia)
revealed how closely growth CnGV patterns reflect their respective climate gradients. While steep growth
reaction norms and increasing growth plasticity with latitude in M. menidia mimicked the strong, highly
seasonal Atlantic coastal gradient, shallow reaction norms and much smaller, latitude-independent growth
plasticity in A. affinis resembled the weak Pacific latitudinal temperature gradient. ! //rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Adaptation to climate change: contrasting patterns of thermal-reaction-norm evolution in Pacific versus Atlantic silversides
Hannes Baumann and David O. Conover doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.2479 ;~? . D'Amore, Antonia
Kirby, Erik
McDonald, Michael 2009p Invasive species shifts ontogenetic resource partitioning and microhabitat use of a threatened native amphibian 534-5413 Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Systems 19
March 6, 20090 1. Invasive species may have direct effects on native species, such as predation or competition, as well as
indirect effects such as altering habitat or the behaviour of a native species. Indirect effects can be difficult to
detect, but whole-system removal of invasive species presents an excellent opportunity for revealing these more
subtle effects.
2. American bullfrogs were introduced to California in the late 1800s and have been implicated in the declines
of native ranid species. Invasive American bullfrogs were removed from a series of 12 ponds to test for changes in
microhabitat use of federally threatened California red-legged frogs, using a neighbouring field site with six ponds
as a control.
3. There was a marked increase in the total number of adult California red-legged frogs seen in all of the ponds
after the first year of bullfrog removal, suggesting that these adults were in the ponds, but hiding when invaders
were present. Ontogenetic partitioning of habitat in this species was documented, as well as a shift in that
partitioning and increased hiding behaviour with adult bullfrog presence. California red-legged frogs used
willows significantly more as cover, and were found on bare shores half as often when adult bullfrogs were
present.
4. These results support recent suggestions that behavioural responses of prey to predators can play a
substantial role in total predator effects and suggest that careful management of invasive species may be
necessary to accurately evaluate population sizes of this threatened amphibian species.
AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 19: 534 – 541 (2009)
Published online 6 March 2009 in Wiley InterScience
(www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/aqc.1026
DOI: 10.1002/aqc.1026 ? Reyes, Catalina E. 2009n Effects of erosion on the distribution of subtidal communities in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California 82 Biology# Master of Science in Marine Science
Fresno, CAF California State University, Fresno and Moss Landing Marine LaboratoryF http://library.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Reyes_2009.pdf d EFFECTS OF EROSION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF SUBTIDAL
COMMUNITIES IN ELKHORN SLOUGH, MONTEREY
COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
Catalina Elizabeth Reyes
A thesis
submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in Marine Science
in the College of Science and Mathematics
California State University, Fresno
December 2009 ? Fork, Susanne K. 2010_ Arthropod assemblages on native and nonnative plant species of a coastal reserve in California 753-762 Environmental Entomology 39 3D Coleoptera, Formicidae, richness, community composition, vegetation Biological invasions by nonnative plant species are a widespread phenomenon. Many
studies have shown strong ecological impacts of plant invasions on native plant communities and
ecosystem processes. Far fewer studies have examined effects on associated animal communities. From
the perspective of a reserveÕs land management, I addressed the question of whether arthropod
assemblages on two nonnative plant species of concern were impoverished compared with those
assemblages associated with two predominant native plant species of that reserve. If the nonnative
plant species, Conium maculatum L., and Phalaris aquatica L., supported highly depauperate arthropod
assemblages compared with the native plant species, Baccharis pilularis De Candolle and Leymus
triticoides (Buckley) Pilger, this Þnding would provide additional support for prioritizing removal of
nonnatives and restoration of natives. I assessed invertebrate assemblages at the taxonomic levels of
arthropod orders, Coleoptera families, and Formicidae species, using univariate analyses to examine
community attributes (richness and abundance) and multivariate techniques to assess arthropod
assemblage community composition differences among plant species. Arthropod richness estimates
by taxonomic level between native and nonnative vegetation showed varying results. Overall,
arthropod richness of the selected nonnative plants, examined at higher taxonomic resolution, was
not necessarily less diverse than two of common native plants found on the reserve, although
differences were found among plant species. Impacts of certain nonnative plant species on
arthropod assemblages may be more difÞcult to elucidate than those impacts shown on native
plants and ecosystem processes.
Arthropod Assemblages on Native and Nonnative Plant Species of a
Coastal Reserve in California
SUSANNE K. FORK
Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1700 Elkhorn Rd., Watsonville, CA 95076
Environ. Entomol. 39(3): 753Ð762 (2010); DOI: 10.1603/EN09185
DOI: 10.1603/EN09185 ~? J - Gee, A. K.
Wasson, K.
Shaw, S. L.
Haskins, J. 2010f Signatures of restoration and management changes in the water quality of a Central California estuary 1004-1024 Estuaries and Coasts 33 April 20, 2010R restoration; water quality; nutrient loading; tide gate management; Eutrophication Coastal managers and policy-makers are concerned
with tracking improvements to water quality linked to
management changes. Long-term water quality data acquired
from two wetland areas in the upper reaches of the Elkhorn
Slough estuary in central California were analyzed for
signatures of land restoration or water control structure
management. Post-restoration averaged NO3, NH3, and PO4
concentrations were 50–70% less than before-restoration
concentrations. Assessment of watershed-scale effects
revealed that proximity of restoration to sampling locations
had almost as strong an effect on water quality as the
percentage of land restored relative to watershed size.
Results also suggest that restoration of even 1% of an
agriculturally intensive watershed such as that of the Elkhorn
Slough may result in improvements to water quality. Finally,
results indicate that tide gate function can dominate water
quality in managed wetlands and must be carefully tracked
and managed in the context of estuarine conservation targets. Signatures of Restoration and Management Changes
in the Water Quality of a Central California Estuary
Alison K. Gee & Kerstin Wasson & Susan L. Shaw &
John Haskins
Received: 29 June 2009 / Revised: 9 August 2009 / Accepted: 6 February 2010 / Published online: 20 April 2010
# The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract Coastal managers and policy-makers are concerned
with tracking improvements to water quality linked to
management changes. Long-term water quality data acquired
from two wetland areas in the upper reaches of the Elkhorn
Slough estuary in central California were analyzed for
signatures of land restoration or water control structure
management. Post-restoration averaged NO3, NH3, and PO4
concentrations were 50–70% less than before-restoration
concentrations. Assessment of watershed-scale effects
revealed that proximity of restoration to sampling locations
had almost as strong an effect on water quality as the
percentage of land restored relative to watershed size.
Results also suggest that restoration of even 1% of an
agriculturally intensive watershed such as that of the Elkhorn
Slough may result in improvements to water quality. Finally,
results indicate that tide gate function can dominate water
quality in managed wetlands and must be carefully tracked
and managed in the context of estuarine conservation targets.
Estuaries and Coasts (2010) 33:1004–1024
DOI 10.1007/s12237-010-9276-3D? ! $ Johnson, Donald L.
Johnson, Diana N. 2010 A holistic view of soilC World Congress of Soil Science: Soil Solutions for a Changing World Brisbane, Australia World Congress of Soil ScienceL Planetary-soils; biomantle; biota; bioturbation; pedogenesis; astropedology 1-6 August, 2010} The best scientific definition of any entity is one that is most useful and comprehensible to a spectrum of
scientists and the lay public. It especially should be simply expressed, scientifically sound, easily explainable,
and cover all cases. In sum, it should be clear, simple, logical, unequivocal, broad, and ideally universal. A
definition of soil that meets these criteria that is applicable to soil on Earth and all other generally lithic-
composed or non-gaseous celestial bodies is: Soil is substrate at or near the surface of Earth and similar bodies
altered by biological, chemical, and/or physical agents and processes. © 2010 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World
1 – 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia. Published on CDROM.
"Introduction
In the Elkhorn Slough Visitor’s Center at the head of Monterey Bay, California, is a diorama titled “A Bountiful
Bucket of Mud,” showing a shore bird feeding in a bucket of mud from the adjacent slough. The diorama asks:
“What lives in this much mud? 500 billion bacteria, 500 million diatoms, 50,000 protozoa, 50,027 worms, 5,000
crustaceans, 39 clams” (Figure 1). While we cannot vouch for the accuracy of the estimate, what we have learned
over the last few decades about soil organisms and numbers suggests it may be low. But, aside from questions
about biota, in pondering the diorama several other questions are raised. Does slough mud qualify as soil? If so,
what is soil, and how should we define it? Should our definition apply only to Earth, or to Earth and all other
generally lithic-composed planets and satellites – even biologically inert ones? "
published on CD-ROM p ? ! Johnson, E. K.
Hughes, Brent 2010: Variable effects of Ulva spp. on dissolved oxygen dynamics 1Q Increased nutrient loading in Elkhorn Slough from surrounding watersheds is the presumed cause of observed increases in primary productivity.This eutrophication has resulted in
negative ecological consequences, such as night time hypoxia and anoxia. Ulva lactucaand Ulva intestinalis are the two most abundant algal species in the slough.The purpose of
this study was to compare the effects of U. lactuca and U. intestinalis on dissolved oxygen (DO) variability in Elkhorn Slough.We established three algal biomass to water volume
ratios based on previously collected data in Elkhorn Slough determining natural abundances. We conducted a light:dark mesocosm experiment of three biomass treatments (high,
medium, and low) for both species, and a control in 15 gallon buckets. The buckets were kept outside in the sun under temperature controlled conditions for three hours to
measure daytime photosynthesis. Buckets were then moved to a dark room to simulate night time conditions. Daytime productivity for all three U. lactuca biomass treatments
were significantly different from each other while there were no significant effects of U. intestinalis biomass on DO dynamics.This result is due to the higher surface area:volume
of U. lactuca, which gives it higher primary productivity potential. Neither of the low treatments were significantly different than the control, which contained no algae.While
most areas within the slough are eutrophic (high primary productivity), only tidally restricted areas go hypoxic. Therefore, management efforts should focus on areas that are
poorly flushed and hypoxic. poster ? " Masters, Patricia M.
Aiello, Ivano 2007- Postglacial evolution of coastal environments 35-51< California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity Jones, T. L.
Klar, K.
Lanham, MD Alta Mira Press 3 '?
Schmit, K. L.@ Environmental triggers of hypoxia in the Elkhorn Slough Reserve 1-9 Stanford, CAC Stanford University, Civil and Environmental Engineering department hypoxia; water temperature The Elkhorn Slough Reserve, located just east of Moss Landing, is one of California’s few remaining
coastal wetlands. The reserve is dedicated to research including ecological studies, weather, water
quality, erosion as well as other areas of environmental concern. As with many other estuarine
environments, the Elkhorn Slough experiences variations in dissolved oxygen content, sometimes
entering the hypoxic range. Hypoxia is an important measure of water quality because of its effect on fish
and other benthic organisms. This papers look at the effects of meteorological data on hypoxia in the
Elkhorn Slough. Although there are many factors that influence dissolved oxygen content, it appears
water temperature is one variable that is significantly correlated to hypoxia. A model is created that may
be used to input daily weather forecast information and output a warning signal when it appears that
conditions might reach hypoxia. Environmental triggers of hypoxia in the Elkhorn Slough
Reserve
KRISTINA L. SCHMIT
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University
|; J ~ Watson, Elizabeth B.
Wasson, Kerstin
Pasternack, G. B.
Woolfolk, A.
Van Dyke, E.
Gray, A. B.
Pakenham, A.
Wheatcroft, R. A.
2011k Applications from paleoecology to environmental management and restoration in a dynamic coastal environment 1-11 Restoration Ecology 19& doi: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00722.x August 31, 2010C coastal management; estuary; paleoecology; salt marsh restoration. Estuarine restoration is a major focus of coastal man-
agement. To set estuarine restoration targets, coastal
managers need to understand natural baselines and human
modifications. The goal of this study was to character-
ize baseline environmental conditions for the purposes
of restoration planning at Elkhorn Slough, a regionally
significant California estuary. We reconstructed baseline
salinity, sediment sources, sediment accumulation rates,
and wetland plant distribution by collecting and analyz-
ing sediment cores from the upper and lower reaches of
the estuary, and marsh extent by synthesizing previously
published stratigraphic descriptions of sediment cores.
The results of this study show strong contrasts between
current and baseline conditions. Sediment accumulation
rates have recently increased, whereas flood deposits have
disappeared from marsh sediments. Representation by
freshwater and brackish plants has also declined. Extent
of marshes increased in the recent past, likely as a result
of anthropogenic sediment loading from early Euro-
American land use changes. Many of these marshes have
degraded in past decades, but marsh extent today is still
higher than in previous periods. Reconstruction of natural
baselines and processes suggests that restoration strategies
for the estuary should focus on increasing sediment supply
and freshwater inputs to the marshes in order to restore
the processes that naturally sustained marsh accretion and
diversity. This study highlights the importance of revealing
human modifications when designing restoration strategies
for dynamic and highly altered systems such as estuaries.
a © 2010 Society for Ecological Restoration International
doi: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00722.x
& doi: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00722.x
Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this
article:
Appendix S1. Values for Yampah sediment samples.
Appendix S2. Pollen zonation.
k;
( Maldini, Daniela
Eby, Ron
Scoles, Robert 2010 Impact of Proposed Alterations of Tidal Flow on Sea Otters and Harbor Seals Using Elkhorn Slough and the Parsons Slough Complex 20 Moss Landing, CA OKEANIS. Sea otters; Harbor seal; Tidal Wetland Project
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
We have been monitoring abundance, distribution, influx and efflux patterns of sea
otters and harbor seals in the Parson’s Slough Complex, to determine the potential effects of the
planned corridor alteration, tidal flow reduction, and habitat restoration (Tidal Wetland Project)
on these species. Nineteen daytime counts were conducted between October 2009 and January
2010, seven in October, six in November, four in December and two in January. Counts were
divided evenly between ebb and flood tide cycles. There were three sea otter areas used by three
separate groups of otters and each were the center of a single male territory. There were up to
20 animals in the Parson’s Slough Complex group and approximately 10 each in the groups
using the Yampah Island area which is outside but adjacent to Parson’s Slough. Otters used
Parson’s Slough throughout the day and at night in possibly smaller numbers. Some sea otters
tended to enter the slough in the morning and exited in the evening. There were fewer otters in
the area at high tide but this trend was only significant in the middle of the day. Most sea otters
(62%) appeared to be resting during the daytime and 10% rested while hauled-out, 15% were
foraging, 3% grooming, 7% transiting and 3 % interacting.
Harbor seals used four haul-out areas within the Parson’s Slough Complex and one haul-
out site at the Parson’s Slough entrance. The maximum number of seals counted was 141.
Numbers increased progressively after sunrise and fell close to sunset. This falls into the
expected patterns for harbor seals in Elkhorn Slough, which are known to feed at night and
leave the slough for the open ocean. Seals cannot use the mudflats at high tide and tend not to
enter the Parson’s Slough area at this time.
Impact of Proposed Alterations of Tidal Flow on Sea Otters and Harbor Seals
Using Elkhorn Slough and the Parsons Slough Complex
Daniela Maldini Ron Eby, and Robert Scoles
Okeanis, 7981 Moss Landing Road, Unit A1, Moss Landing, CA 95039; @ Okeanis, 7981 Moss Landing Road, Unit A1, Moss Landing, CA 95039 ~? j Carlisle, A.B.
Starr, Richard M. 2010] Tidal movements of female leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) in Elkhorn Slough, California 31-45 Environmental Biology of Fishes 89
June 17, 2010] Triakis semifasciata; Acoustic telemetry; Tides; Estuary; Foraging ecology; Rate of movement : Abstract The leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) is
one of the most common species of elasmobranch in
California, and uses the shallow bays and estuaries of
California extensively throughout its life history. To
examine the role that tides and time of day play on the
distribution and movements of leopard sharks in an
estuarine environment, a total of 22 female leopard
sharks (78–140 cm TL) were tagged with acoustic
transmitters in Elkhorn Slough, California, USA.
Eight sharks were manually tracked for 20–71.5 h,
and 13 sharks were monitored for 4–280 days using
an array of acoustic receivers. Overall, the distribution
and movements of sharks were strongly influenced by
the tides and to a lesser extent by period of day, although
general patterns of movement differed depending on
what region of Elkhorn Slough the sharks were using. In
the main channel of Elkhorn Slough, sharks generally
moved with the tide, maximizing the area over which
they could forage on a more dispersed prey field.
Conversely, leopard sharks within the Elkhorn Slough
National Estuarine Research Reserve regularly swam
against strong currents to remain in proximity to the
intertidal mudflats. This high degree of fidelity to a
specific region was probably due to an abundance of
important prey in the area. These results indicate that
movements, and thus the foraging ecology, of leopard
sharks show a high degree of plasticity and are
influenced by tidal stage, tidal current, availability of
suitable habitat, and availability and distribution of
important prey items.
4 ? Wasson, K
Woolfolk, A. 2011h Salt marsh-upland ecotones in Central California: vulnerability to invasions and anthropogenic stressors 1-14 Wetlands 31 2 Ecotones, zones of abrupt biological transition typically reflecting strong physical gradients, may be particularly sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Our characterization of the ecotone between salt marshes and uplands in the Elkhorn Slough watershed in central California revealed that extent of appropriate habitat for native high marsh species endemic to this zone is extremely limited. The ecotone is highly invaded, with non-native upland weeds accounting for a significant proportion of cover. We investigated responses to two anthropogenic landscape management strategies, restriction of tidal exchange through water control structures and cattle grazing. Moderate tidal restriction resulting in muted tidal exchange dramatically decreased ecotone width, native marsh plant richness, and cover by native ecotone specialists. Even stronger tidal restriction resulting in very low tidal exchange led to a seaward shift of the ecotone into the area formerly occupied by mid-marsh vegetation; upland plants now occupy the former ecotone zone so net loss of wetland habitat has occurred. Cattle grazing led to a very substantial increase in bare ground, a significant decrease in native marsh plant richness and a significant increase in non-native plant cover. Thus, both of these management regimes can have significant negative impacts on rare salt marsh ecotone extent and biodiversity.|; 5 Caffrey, J. M.
Hollibaugh, J. T.
Bano, N.
Haskins, J. 2010 Effects of upwelling on short-term variability in microbial and biogeochemical processes in estuarine sediments from Elkhorn Slough, California, USA 261-271 Aquatic Microbial Ecology 58 3 Nitrogen
Oxygen dynamics
Nitrification
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
Benthic flux
AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA
SPRING PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM
SALT-MARSH
SEDIMENTS
NUTRIENT BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
NITRIFYING BACTERIA
OXYGEN
FLUXES
COASTAL OCEAN
BALTIC SEA
BLACK-SEA
NITRIFICATION~ We examined short-term variability in sediment microbial processes and biogeochemistry in response to decreased irradiance accompanying an upwelling event. Potential nitrification, extractable nutrients, solid phase iron and pore water sulfide concentrations were measured several times at 3 locations in Elkhorn Slough, California, USA. Benthic fluxes of nitrate+nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, sediment oxygen consumption and denitrification from N-2/Ar flux were also measured. Fog that was associated with upwelling in Monterey Bay reduced photosynthetically active radiation in Elkhorn Slough, which led to increased duration of water column hypoxia. Solid phase Fe3+ concentrations and potential nitrification rates declined while pore water sulfide increased over this period. While potential nitrification rates from this study are lower than rates from estuaries that do not experience hypoxia or anoxia, nitrifiers in Elkhorn Slough appear to be capable of adjusting to changing environmental conditions, specifically of tolerating low levels of sulfide. The nitrifying assemblage was similar to the community of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea that was previously reported from this system. Eutrophic shallow estuaries like Elkhorn Slough are delicately poised such that their sediment biogeochemistry responds quickly to relatively small changes in the light environment. ://000275496100005A Caffrey, Jane M. Hollibaugh, James T. Bano, Nasreen Haskins, John 0948-3055 ISI:000275496100005 10.3354/ame01387C Open access paper: can't "Save As," in pdf, but available to public
|? C Wankel, S. D.
Mosier, A. C.
Hansel, C. M.
Paytan, A.
Francis, C. A. 2011 Spatial Variability in Nitrification Rates and Ammonia-Oxidizing Microbial Communities in the Agriculturally Impacted Elkhorn Slough Estuary, California 269-280& Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77 1 CHESAPEAKE BAY SEDIMENTS
N-15 DILUTION TECHNIQUE
UNITED-KINGDOM
MARINE CRENARCHAEOTA
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE
NITRATE REDUCTION
MONTEREY
BAY
BACTERIA
ARCHAEA
DENITRIFICATION Jan 2011 Ammonia oxidation-the microbial oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and the first step in nitrification-plays a central role in nitrogen cycling in coastal and estuarine systems. Nevertheless, questions remain regarding the connection between this biogeochemical process and the diversity and abundance of the mediating microbial community. In this study, we measured nutrient fluxes and rates of sediment nitrification in conjunction with the diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing betaproteobacteria (beta-AOB). Sediments were examined from four sites in Elkhorn Slough, a small agriculturally impacted coastal California estuary that opens into Monterey Bay. Using an intact sediment core flowthrough incubation system, we observed significant correlations among NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, and PO43+ fluxes, indicating a tight coupling of sediment biogeochemical processes. N-15-based measurements of nitrification rates revealed higher rates at the less impacted, lower-nutrient sites than at the more heavily impacted, nutrient-rich sites. Quantitative PCR analyses revealed that beta-AOB amoA (encoding ammonia monooxygenase subunit A) gene copies outnumbered AOA amoA gene copies by factors ranging from 2- to 236-fold across the four sites. Sites with high nitrification rates primarily contained marine/estuarine Nitrosospira-like bacterial amoA sequences and phylogenetically diverse archaeal amoA sequences. Sites with low nitrification rates were dominated by estuarine Nitrosomonas-like amoA sequences and archaeal amoA sequences similar to those previously described in soils. This is the first report measuring AOA and beta-AOB amoA abundance in conjunction with 15N-based nitrification rates in estuary sediments. ://000285550300029[ Wankel, Scott D. Mosier, Annika C. Hansel, Colleen M. Paytan, Adina Francis, Christopher A. 0099-2240 ISI:000285550300029 10.1128/aem.01318-10 |? W Shapiro, K.
Conrad, P. A.
Mazet, J. A. K.
Wallender, W. W.
Miller, W. A.
Largier, J. L. 2010e Effect of estuarine wetland degradation on transport of Toxoplasma gondii surrogates from land to sea 6821-6828& Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76 20 CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS
ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS
WATER-QUALITY
COASTAL WATERS
UNITED-STATES
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
POLLUTION-CONTROL
CLIMATE-CHANGE
WASTE-WATER
FRESH-WATER Oct 2010e The flux of terrestrially derived pathogens to coastal waters presents a significant health risk to marine wildlife, as well as to humans who utilize the nearshore for recreation and seafood harvest. Anthropogenic changes in natural habitats may result in increased transmission of zoonotic pathogens to coastal waters. The objective of our work was to evaluate how human-caused alterations of coastal landscapes in California affect the transport of Toxoplasma gondii to estuarine waters. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is excreted in the feces of infected felids and is thought to reach coastal waters in contaminated runoff. This zoonotic pathogen causes waterborne toxoplasmosis in humans and is a significant cause of death in threatened California sea otters. Surrogate particles that mimic the behavior of T. gondii oocysts in water were released in transport studies to evaluate if the loss of estuarine wetlands is contributing to an increased flux of oocysts into coastal waters. Compared to vegetated sites, more surrogates were recovered from unvegetated mudflat habitats, which represent degraded wetlands. Specifically, in Elkhorn Slough, where a large proportion of otters are infected with T. gondii, erosion of 36% of vegetated wetlands to mudflats may increase the flux of oocysts by more than 2 orders of magnitude. Total degradation of wetlands may result in increased Toxoplasma transport of 6 orders of magnitude or more. Destruction of wetland habitats along central coastal California may thus facilitate pathogen pollution in coastal waters with detrimental health impacts to wildlife and humans. ://000282595100014o Shapiro, Karen Conrad, Patricia A. Mazet, Jonna A. K. Wallender, Wesley W. Miller, Woutrina A. Largier, John L. 0099-2240 ISI:000282595100014 10.1128/aem.01435-10 |? x Jessup, D. A.
Johnson, C. K.
Estes, J.
Carlson-Bremer, D.
Jarman, W. M.
Reese, S.
Dodd, E.
Tinker, M. T.
Ziccardi, M. H. 2010t Persistent organic pollutants in the blood of free-ranging sea otters (Enhydra lutris ssp.) in Alaska and California 1214-1233 Journal of Wildlife Diseases 46 4R Blood
DDT
Enhydra lutris
PCB
persistent organic pollutants
sea
otter
TEQ
toxicology
SAN-FRANCISCO BAY
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS
POLYBROMINATED
DIPHENYL ETHERS
POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS
TOXIC EQUIVALENCY
FACTORS
ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO
ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS
PHOCA-VITULINA
PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS Octn As part of tagging and ecologic research efforts in 1997 and 1998, apparently healthy sea otters of four age-sex classes in six locations in Alaska and three in California were sampled for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and other chemicals of ecologic or environmental concern (COECs). Published techniques for the detection of POPs (specifically Sigma polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], Sigma DDTs, Sigma hexachlorocyclohexanes [HCHs], Sigma polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], Sigma chlordanes [CHLs], hexachlorobenzene [HCB], dieldrin, and mirex) in the tissue of dead otters were modified for use with serum from live sea otters. Toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were calculated for POPs with proven bioactivity. Strong location effects were seen for most POPs and COECs; sea otters in California generally showed higher mean concentrations than those in Alaska. Differences in contaminant concentrations were detected among age and sex classes, with high levels frequently, observed in subadults. Very high levels of Sigma DDT were detected in male sea otters in Elkhorn Slough, California, where strong freshwater outflow from agricultural areas occurs seasonally. All contaminants except mirex differed among Alaskan locations; only Sigma DDT, HCB, and chlorpyrifos differed within California. High levels of Sigma PCB (particularly larger, more persistent congeners) were detected at two locations in Alaska where associations between elevated PCBs and military activity have been established, while higher PCB levels were found at all three locations in California where no point source of PCBs has been identified. Although POP and COEC concentrations in blood may be less likely to reflect total body burden, concentrations in blood of healthy animals may be more biologically relevant and less influenced by state of nutrition or perimortem factors than other tissues routinely sampled. ://000283896600016 Jessup, David A. Johnson, Christine K. Estes, James Carlson-Bremer, Daphne Jarman, Walter M. Reese, Stacey Dodd, Erin Tinker, M. Tim Ziccardi, Michael H. 0090-3558 ISI:000283896600016 K|? Heiman, K. W.
Micheli, F. 2010: Non-native ecosystem engineer alters estuarine communities 226-236# Integrative and Comparative Biology 50 2{ REEF-BUILDING POLYCHAETE
ATLANTIC COASTAL LAGOON
BIOLOGICAL
INVASIONS
HABITAT
CALIFORNIA
ORGANISMS
DIVERSITY
DYNAMICS
SITES Aug 2010 Many ecosystems are created by the presence of ecosystem engineers that play an important role in determining species' abundance and species composition. Additionally, a mosaic environment of engineered and non-engineered habitats has been shown to increase biodiversity. Non-native ecosystem engineers can be introduced into environments that do not contain or have lost species that form biogenic habitat, resulting in dramatic impacts upon native communities. Yet, little is known about how non-native ecosystem engineers interact with natives and other non-natives already present in the environment, specifically whether non-native ecosystem engineers facilitate other non-natives, and whether they increase habitat heterogeneity and alter the diversity, abundance, and distribution of benthic species. Through sampling and experimental removal of reefs, we examine the effects of a non-native reef-building tubeworm, Ficopomatus enigmaticus, on community composition in the central Californian estuary, Elkhorn Slough. Tubeworm reefs host significantly greater abundances of many non-native polychaetes and amphipods, particularly the amphipods Monocorophium insidiosum and Melita nitida, compared to nearby mudflats. Infaunal assemblages under F. enigmaticus reefs and around reef's edges show very low abundance and taxonomic diversity. Once reefs are removed, the newly exposed mudflat is colonized by opportunistic non-native species, such as M. insidiosum and the polychaete Streblospio benedicti, making removal of reefs a questionable strategy for control. These results show that provision of habitat by a non-native ecosystem engineer may be a mechanism for invasional meltdown in Elkhorn Slough, and that reefs increase spatial heterogeneity in the abundance and composition of benthic communities. ://000280279800007% Heiman, Kimberly W. Micheli, Fiorenza 1540-7063 ISI:000280279800007 10.1093/icb/icq036 t |?
Wasson, K. 2010j Informing Olympia oyster restoration: Evaluation of factors that limit populations in a California estuary 449-459 Wetlands 30 3 Ecosystem-based management
Elkhorn Slough
Ostrea lurida
Water quality
OSTREA-LURIDA
CHESAPEAKE BAY
CONSERVATION
SIGNATURES
ECOLOGY
COAST Jun@ The goal of this investigation was to inform restoration strategies by determining which factors are most important in limiting Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida) distribution and abundance at a Pacific coast estuary, Elkhorn Slough in central California, where Olympia oysters are currently extremely rare but were formerly abundant. An array of mensurative experiments and correlative analyses were used to examine the role of potential limiting factors. Absence of oysters was associated with symptoms of eutrophication, including elevated nutrient concentrations and turbidity. Oysters were also absent from all sites where water control structures resulted in minimal tidal exchange. Predation and competition did not appear to play a major role in surveyed oyster populations above Mean Lower Low Water but at lower elevations oysters were heavily fouled by non-native species. In most sites oysters were found only on large artificial substrates; survival on small natural hard substrates was apparently precluded by burial by fine sediments. Restoring more natural ecosystem processes by reducing nutrient and sediment inputs, increasing tidal exchange to areas behind water control structures, and preventing establishment of new non-native species would benefit Olympia oysters as well as support broader ecosystem-based management goals. ://000278626200007 Wasson, Kerstin 0277-5212 ISI:000278626200007 10.1007/s13157-010-0056-4
|? J Hoos, P. M.
Whitman Miller, A.
Ruiz, G. M.
Vrijenhoek, R. C.
Geller, J. B. 2010 Genetic and historical evidence disagree on likely sources of the Atlantic amethyst gem clam Gemma gemma (Totten, 1834) in California 582-592 Diversity and Distributions 16 4 Gemma gemma
genetic variation
invasion source
marine biological
invasion
oyster associate
phylogeography
MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA
POPULATION BOTTLENECK
SPECIES INVASIONS
NEW-ZEALAND
DIVERSITY
COMMUNITY
INTRODUCTIONS
AMPLIFICATION
CONSEQUENCES
NUCLEAR Jul 2010R Aim Historical information about source populations of invasive species is often limited; therefore, genetic analyses are used. We compared inference about source populations from historical and genetic data for the oyster-associated clam, Gemma gemma that invaded California from the USA Atlantic coast. Location Mid-Atlantic (North Carolina, Maryland), Northeastern (New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts) and the California coasts (Elkhorn Slough, San Francisco Bay, Bolinas Lagoon, Tomales Bay, Bodega Harbor). Methods The documented history of transplantation of Eastern oysters to California was reviewed. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences from recent and archived clams were examined in a haplotype network. We used AMOVA to detect geographic genetic structure and a permutation test for significant reductions in diversity. Results Chesapeake Bay oysters were transplanted to New York prior to shipment to San Francisco Bay and from there to peripheral bays. Gemma in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions were genetically differentiated. In California, populations in Bodega Harbor and Tomales Bay were genetically similar to those in the Mid-Atlantic area while clams in San Francisco Bay, Elkhorn Slough and Bolinas Lagoon resembled populations in the Northeastern region. In California, genetic variation was not highest in San Francisco Bay despite greater magnitude of oyster plantings. Haplotypes varied over time in native and introduced populations. Main Conclusions Historical records and inferences from genetics agree that both Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions were sources for Gemma in California. Only complex genetic hypotheses reconcile the strong segregation of haplotypes in California to the historical evidence of mixing in their proximate source (New York). These hypotheses include sorting of mixtures of haplotypes or selection in non-native areas. Haplotype turnover in San Francisco and Massachusetts samples over time suggests that the sorting hypothesis is plausible. We suggest, however, that Gemma was introduced independently and recently to Tomales Bay and Bodega Harbor. ://000278646000007^ Hoos, Phillip M. Whitman Miller, A. Ruiz, Gregory M. Vrijenhoek, Robert C. Geller, Jonathan B. 1366-9516 ISI:000278646000007 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00672.x|? * Jordan, L. K.
Kajiura, S. M.
Gordon, M. S. 2009y Functional consequences of structural differences in stingray sensory systems. Part I: mechanosensory lateral line canals 3037-3043 Journal of Experimental Biology 212 19 batoid
elasmobranch
hydrodynamic
prey detection
Urobatis halleri
Myliobatis californica
Pteroplatytrygon violacea
MYLIOBATIS-CALIFORNICA
ELKHORN SLOUGH
FOOD-HABITS
BAT RAY
MORPHOLOGY
SHARKS
FISHES
RHEOTAXIS
ORGANS Oct Short range hydrodynamic and electrosensory signals are important during final stages of prey capture in elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays), and may be particularly useful for dorso-ventrally flattened batoids with mouths hidden from their eyes. In stingrays, both the lateral line canal and electrosensory systems are highly modified and complex with significant differences on ventral surfaces that relate to feeding ecology. This study tests functional hypotheses based on quantified differences in sensory system morphology of three stingray species, Urobatis halleri, Myliobatis californica and Pteroplatytrygon violacea. Part I investigates the mechanosensory lateral line canal system whereas part II focuses on the electrosensory system. Stingray lateral line canals include both pored and non-pored sections and differ in branching complexity and distribution. A greater proportion of pored canals and high pore numbers were predicted to correspond to increased response to water flow. Behavioral experiments were performed to compare responses of stingrays to weak water jets mimicking signals produced by potential prey at velocities of 10-20 cm s(-1). Bat rays, M. californica, have the most complex and broadly distributed pored canal network and demonstrated both the highest response rate and greater response intensity to water jet signals. Results suggest that U. halleri and P. violacea may rely on additional sensory input, including tactile and visual cues, respectively, to initiate stronger feeding responses. These results suggest that stingray lateral line canal morphology can indicate detection capabilities through responsiveness to weak water jets. ://0002704117000097 Jordan, Laura K. Kajiura, Stephen M. Gordon, Malcolm S. 0022-0949 ISI:000270411700009 10.1242/jeb.028712 |? * Jordan, L. K.
Kajiura, S. M.
Gordon, M. S. 2009m Functional consequences of structural differences in stingray sensory systems. Part II: electrosensory system 3044-3050 Journal of Experimental Biology 212 19 batoid
elasmobranch
electroreception
prey detection
Urobatis
halleri
Myliobatis californica
Pteroplatytrygon violacea
MYLIOBATIS-CALIFORNICA
ELASMOBRANCH FISHES
RESPONSE PROPERTIES
DASYATIS-VIOLACEA
PELAGIC STINGRAY
ELKHORN SLOUGH
ELECTRIC FISH
LATERAL-LINE
FOOD-HABITS
BAT RAY OctL Elasmobranch fishes (sharks, skates and rays) possess highly sensitive electrosensory systems, which enable them to detect weak electric fields such as those produced by potential prey organisms. Different species have unique electrosensory pore numbers, densities and distributions. Functional differences in detection capabilities resulting from these structural differences are largely unknown. Stingrays and other batoid fishes have eyes positioned on the opposite side of the body from the mouth. Furthermore, they often feed on buried prey, which can be located non-visually using the electrosensory system. In the present study we test functional predictions based on structural differences in three stingray species (Urobatis halleri, Pteroplatytrygon violacea and Myliobatis californica) with differing electrosensory system morphology. We compare detection capabilities based upon behavioral responses to dipole electric signals (5.3-9.6 mu A). Species with greater ventral pore numbers and densities were predicted to demonstrate enhanced electrosensory capabilities. Electric field intensities at orientation were similar among these species, although they differed in response type and orientation pathway. Minimum voltage gradients eliciting feeding responses were well below 1 nV cm(-1) for all species regardless of pore number and density. ://0002704117000107 Jordan, Laura K. Kajiura, Stephen M. Gordon, Malcolm S. 0022-0949 ISI:000270411700010 10.1242/jeb.028738 |? - Miller, K. A.
Hughey, J. R.
Gabrielson, P. W. 2009{ Research note: First report of the Japanese species Grateloupia lanceolata (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from California, USA 238-241 Phycological Research 57 3 California
Grateloupia
Halymeniaceae
internal transcribed spacer
introduced
non-native
rbcL
Rhodophyta
FRANCE
INTRODUCTIONS
INVASIONS Sep P>The Japanese red alga Grateloupia lanceolata (Okamura) Kawaguchi was discovered in southern California at Santa Catalina Island in spring 2003 and April 2008 and in central California at the mouth of the Elkhorn Slough in Moss Landing in May, June and July of 2008. The morphology of thalli from both localities agrees with published figures. Sequences from the rbcL gene and the nuclear marker, internal transcribed spacer-1 from Californian G. lanceolata were identical to those from two specimens of G. lanceolata introduced to the Thau Lagoon, Mediterranean France and a specimen from Japan. It is likely that the import of oysters for mariculture played a role in its introduction into California. ://0002691913000098 Miller, Kathy Ann Hughey, Jeffery R. Gabrielson, Paul W. 1322-0829 ISI:000269191300009 10.1111/j.1440-1835.2009.00542.x
|? u Beck, E.
Kirkwood, W.
Caress, D.
Berk, T.
Mahacek, P.
Brashem, K.
Acain, J.
Reddy, V.
Kitts, C.
Skutnik, J.
Wheat, G. 2009X SeaWASP: A Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull Autonomous Platform for Shallow Water Mapping 6-12! Marine Technology Society Journal 43 1 Students with Santa Clara University (SCU) and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) are developing an innovative platform for shallow water bathymetry. Bathymetry data is used to analyze the geography, ecosystem, and health of marine habitats. Current methods for shallow water measurements typically involve large manned vessels that are costly to operate and that may pose a danger to themselves and the environment in shallow, semi-navigable waters. Small vessels, however, are prone to disturbances by shallow water waves, tides, and currents, thereby requiring more instrumentation and computation to accurately process bathymetric data. The SCU/MBARI autonomous surface vessel, SeaWASP, is designed to operate safely and stably in waters as shallow as 1 m without significant manned support in order to produce cost-effective and high-quality bathymetric maps. The SeaWASP design introduces several key design innovations in order to provide high-quality maps with a platform that is safe, stable, and inexpensive. A small waterplane area twin hull (SWATH) design features a submerged dual hull, a small waterplane area, and a high mass-to-damping ratio, thereby making the craft less prone to disturbances. Precision sensing, autonomous control, and platform-level configuration planning and control algorithms are used to navigate the boat along desirable trajectories in support of efficient map generation and to implement low-cost unpiloted operations. Bathymetry is measured with multibeam sonar in concert with Doppler Velocity Logger and GPS sensors. The vessel has been operated successfully in several open water test environments, including Elkhorn Slough, Steven's Creek Reservoir, and Lake Tahoe, all in California. It is currently in the final stages of integration and test for its first major science mission at Orcas Island, San Juan Islands, WA, in 2009. Final deployment will be at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) Kasitsna Bay Laboratory in Alaska as one element of a mufti-system remote observatory. SeaWASP has been developed in partnership with SCU, MBARI, the University of Alaska-Fairbanks, and NOAA's West Coast and Polar Regions Undersea Research Center. ://000265977400003 Beck, Erin Kirkwood, William Caress, David Berk, Todd Mahacek, Paul Brashem, Kevin Acain, Jose Reddy, Vivek Kitts, Christopher Skutnik, John Wheat, Geoff 0025-3324 ISI:000265977400003 ` tition.
T http://library.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/Antolin2008MSThesis_FINAL.doc bary.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/nidzieko_2009_dissertation.pdf Monismith, Stephen G. khus halleri), thornback ray (Platyrhinoidis triseriata), and shovelnose guitarfish (Rhinobatos productus).
eertidal. Y http://library.elkhornslough.org/research/bibliography/RodriguezR2009_MS_NativeOyster.pdfPK 7?I/* * refs.frm 0 B < ! // ! H PRIMARYyearIndex
6 By P /) id reference_type text_styles author year title
pages secondary_title volume
number number_of_volumes secondary_author place_published
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